Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Quality of Life Research 4/2013

Open Access 01-05-2013 | Brief Communication

Developing the Chinese version of the new 5-level EQ-5D descriptive system: the response scaling approach

Authors: Nan Luo, Minghui Li, Gordon G. Liu, Andrew Lloyd, Frank de Charro, Michael Herdman

Published in: Quality of Life Research | Issue 4/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

To develop a Chinese version of the new, 5-level EQ-5D descriptive system (EQ-5D-5L) from the existing EQ-5D-3L by identifying Chinese label wording suitable for constructing EQ-5D-5L’s 5-point response scales.

Methods

In face-to-face interviews, perceived severity of selected Chinese labels when they were used to describe EQ-5D health problems was measured from 50 native Chinese speakers using a 0 (no problems) to 100 (the worst problems) visual analog scale. Selection of label wording was based on the severity scores and semantic similarity with label wording used in the existing English and Spanish EQ-5D-5L.

Results

The severity scores supported the use of Chinese wording of ‘only a little’ (range of median: 12.5–17), ‘moderate’ (range of median: 50–53), and ‘severe’ (range of median: 82.5–90) as the descriptors for the intermediate functional levels of the five EQ-5D dimensions and the label wording of ‘very severe’ (median: 90) to describe the worst level of pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression.

Conclusions

The Chinese version of the EQ-5D-5L comprises descriptors with similar interpretations as those used its English and Spanish counterparts. The response scaling exercise is a useful method for cross-cultural adaptation of health-status instruments.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Wang, H., Kindig, D. A., & Mullahy, J. (2005). Variation in Chinese population health related quality of life: results from a EuroQol study in Beijing, China. Quality of Life Research, 14(1), 119–132.PubMedCrossRef Wang, H., Kindig, D. A., & Mullahy, J. (2005). Variation in Chinese population health related quality of life: results from a EuroQol study in Beijing, China. Quality of Life Research, 14(1), 119–132.PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Luo, N., Johnson, J. A., Shaw, J. W., Feeny, D., & Coons, S. J. (2005). Self-reported health status of the general adult U.S. population as assessed by the EQ-5D and Health Utilities Index. Medical Care, 43(11), 1078–1086.PubMedCrossRef Luo, N., Johnson, J. A., Shaw, J. W., Feeny, D., & Coons, S. J. (2005). Self-reported health status of the general adult U.S. population as assessed by the EQ-5D and Health Utilities Index. Medical Care, 43(11), 1078–1086.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Moock, J., & Kohlmann, T. (2008). Comparing preference-based quality-of-life measures: results from rehabilitation patients with musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, or psychosomatic disorders. Quality of Life Research, 17(3), 485–495. doi:10.1007/s11136-008-9317-6.PubMedCrossRef Moock, J., & Kohlmann, T. (2008). Comparing preference-based quality-of-life measures: results from rehabilitation patients with musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, or psychosomatic disorders. Quality of Life Research, 17(3), 485–495. doi:10.​1007/​s11136-008-9317-6.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Vainiola, T., Pettila, V., Roine, R. P., Rasanen, P., Rissanen, A. M., & Sintonen, H. (2010). Comparison of two utility instruments, the EQ-5D and the 15D, in the critical care setting. Intensive Care Medicine, 36(12), 2090–2093. doi:10.1007/s00134-010-1979-1.PubMedCrossRef Vainiola, T., Pettila, V., Roine, R. P., Rasanen, P., Rissanen, A. M., & Sintonen, H. (2010). Comparison of two utility instruments, the EQ-5D and the 15D, in the critical care setting. Intensive Care Medicine, 36(12), 2090–2093. doi:10.​1007/​s00134-010-1979-1.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Brazier, J., Jones, N., & Kind, P. (1993). Testing the validity of the Euroqol and comparing it with the SF-36 health survey questionnaire. Quality of Life Research, 2(3), 169–180.PubMedCrossRef Brazier, J., Jones, N., & Kind, P. (1993). Testing the validity of the Euroqol and comparing it with the SF-36 health survey questionnaire. Quality of Life Research, 2(3), 169–180.PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Marra, C. A., Rashidi, A. A., Guh, D., Kopec, J. A., Abrahamowicz, M., Esdaile, J. M., et al. (2005). Are indirect utility measures reliable and responsive in rheumatoid arthritis patients? Quality of Life Research, 14(5), 1333–1344.PubMedCrossRef Marra, C. A., Rashidi, A. A., Guh, D., Kopec, J. A., Abrahamowicz, M., Esdaile, J. M., et al. (2005). Are indirect utility measures reliable and responsive in rheumatoid arthritis patients? Quality of Life Research, 14(5), 1333–1344.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Harrison, M. J., Davies, L. M., Bansback, N. J., McCoy, M. J., Verstappen, S. M., Watson, K., et al. (2009). The comparative responsiveness of the EQ-5D and SF-6D to change in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Quality of Life Research, 18(9), 1195–1205. doi:10.1007/s11136-009-9539-2.PubMedCrossRef Harrison, M. J., Davies, L. M., Bansback, N. J., McCoy, M. J., Verstappen, S. M., Watson, K., et al. (2009). The comparative responsiveness of the EQ-5D and SF-6D to change in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Quality of Life Research, 18(9), 1195–1205. doi:10.​1007/​s11136-009-9539-2.PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Herdman, M., Gudex, C., Lloyd, A., Janssen, M., Kind, P., Parkin, D., et al. (2011). Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Quality of Life Research, 20(10), 1727–1736. doi:10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x.PubMedCrossRef Herdman, M., Gudex, C., Lloyd, A., Janssen, M., Kind, P., Parkin, D., et al. (2011). Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Quality of Life Research, 20(10), 1727–1736. doi:10.​1007/​s11136-011-9903-x.PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Janssen, M. F., Busschbach, J., Golicki, D., Niewada, M., Scalone, L., Swinburn, P., et al. (2011) Measurement properties of the EQ-5D-5L compared to EQ-5D-3L in 8 patient groups. In: Proceedings of the 28th plenary meeting of the EuroQol Group, Oxford, UK, 15–17 September 2011. Janssen, M. F., Busschbach, J., Golicki, D., Niewada, M., Scalone, L., Swinburn, P., et al. (2011) Measurement properties of the EQ-5D-5L compared to EQ-5D-3L in 8 patient groups. In: Proceedings of the 28th plenary meeting of the EuroQol Group, Oxford, UK, 15–17 September 2011.
13.
go back to reference Kim, S. H., Kim, H. J., Lee, S. I., & Jo, M. W. (2011) Comparing the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L in cancer patients in Korea. Quality of Life Research. doi:10.1007/s11136-011-0018-1. Kim, S. H., Kim, H. J., Lee, S. I., & Jo, M. W. (2011) Comparing the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L in cancer patients in Korea. Quality of Life Research. doi:10.​1007/​s11136-011-0018-1.
14.
go back to reference Keller, S. D., Ware, J. E., Jr, Gandek, B., Aaronson, N. K., Alonso, J., Apolone, G., et al. (1998). Testing the equivalence of translations of widely used response choice labels: results from the international quality of life assessment (IQOLA) project. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51(11), 933–944.PubMedCrossRef Keller, S. D., Ware, J. E., Jr, Gandek, B., Aaronson, N. K., Alonso, J., Apolone, G., et al. (1998). Testing the equivalence of translations of widely used response choice labels: results from the international quality of life assessment (IQOLA) project. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51(11), 933–944.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Szabo, S. (1996). The World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL) assessment instrument. In B. Spilker (Ed.), Quality of life and pharmaeconomics in clinical trials (pp. 355–362). Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven. Szabo, S. (1996). The World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL) assessment instrument. In B. Spilker (Ed.), Quality of life and pharmaeconomics in clinical trials (pp. 355–362). Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven.
16.
go back to reference Claire, G., & Herdman, M. (2007) Investigation of labels for additional EQ-5D levels: project protocol. EuroQoL Group. Claire, G., & Herdman, M. (2007) Investigation of labels for additional EQ-5D levels: project protocol. EuroQoL Group.
18.
go back to reference Wild, D., Grove, A., Martin, M., Eremenco, S., McElroy, S., Verjee-Lorenz, A., et al. (2005). Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR task force for translation and cultural adaptation. Value Health, 8(2), 94–104. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.x.PubMedCrossRef Wild, D., Grove, A., Martin, M., Eremenco, S., McElroy, S., Verjee-Lorenz, A., et al. (2005). Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR task force for translation and cultural adaptation. Value Health, 8(2), 94–104. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1524-4733.​2005.​04054.​x.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Herdman, M., Fox-Rushby, J., & Badia, X. (1998). A model of equivalence in the cultural adaptation of HRQoL instruments: the universalist approach. Quality of Life Research, 7(4), 323–335.PubMedCrossRef Herdman, M., Fox-Rushby, J., & Badia, X. (1998). A model of equivalence in the cultural adaptation of HRQoL instruments: the universalist approach. Quality of Life Research, 7(4), 323–335.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Developing the Chinese version of the new 5-level EQ-5D descriptive system: the response scaling approach
Authors
Nan Luo
Minghui Li
Gordon G. Liu
Andrew Lloyd
Frank de Charro
Michael Herdman
Publication date
01-05-2013
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Quality of Life Research / Issue 4/2013
Print ISSN: 0962-9343
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2649
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-012-0200-0

Other articles of this Issue 4/2013

Quality of Life Research 4/2013 Go to the issue