Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 1/2007

01-03-2007 | Original Paper

Supervisors’ views on employer responsibility in the return to work process. A focus group study

Authors: Kristina Holmgren, Synneve Dahlin Ivanoff

Published in: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation | Issue 1/2007

Login to get access

Abstract

Background: Supervisors’ attitudes and measures have been pointed out by employees to influence the return to work process. The purpose of this study was to explore supervisors’ views on employer responsibility in the return to work process and factors influencing the support of sick-listed employees. Method: The focus group method was used. Six groups were conducted and each group met on one occasion. Twenty-three supervisors experienced in managing sick-listed employees participated. Result: Two different themes emerged; In “The Supervisor is the Key Person” the participants found themselves as being key persons, carrying the main responsibility for the rehabilitation of the sick-listed employees and for creating a good working environment, thus preventing ill health and sick-listing among the employees. In the second theme “Influential Factors in Rehabilitation Work” the participants described the rehabilitation work as a part of a greater whole influenced by society, demands and resources of the workplace and the interplay between all parties involved. Conclusion: The study gives us the supervisors’ perspective on the complexity of the return to work rehabilitation. This knowledge could be invaluable and be used to improve the possibilities for developing successful collaboration in occupational rehabilitation.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Holmgren K, Dahlin Ivanoff S. Women on sickness absence–views of possibilities and obstacles for returning to work. A focus group study. Disabil Rehabil 2004;26(4):213–222.PubMedCrossRef Holmgren K, Dahlin Ivanoff S. Women on sickness absence–views of possibilities and obstacles for returning to work. A focus group study. Disabil Rehabil 2004;26(4):213–222.PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Nordqvist C, Holmqvist C, Alexanderson K. Views of laypersons on the role employers play in return to work when sick-listed. J Occup Rehabil 2003;13(1):11–20.PubMedCrossRef Nordqvist C, Holmqvist C, Alexanderson K. Views of laypersons on the role employers play in return to work when sick-listed. J Occup Rehabil 2003;13(1):11–20.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Strunin L, Boden LI. Paths of reentry: Employment experiences of injured workers. Am J Ind Med 2000;38(4):373–384.PubMedCrossRef Strunin L, Boden LI. Paths of reentry: Employment experiences of injured workers. Am J Ind Med 2000;38(4):373–384.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Riksförsäkringsverket. Socialförsäkring. Lagen om allmän försäkran och andra författningar (Social Insurance. The law of general insurance and other constitutions.): Riksförsäkringsverket, 2001. Report No.: AFL 22:3. (In Swedish.) Riksförsäkringsverket. Socialförsäkring. Lagen om allmän försäkran och andra författningar (Social Insurance. The law of general insurance and other constitutions.): Riksförsäkringsverket, 2001. Report No.: AFL 22:3. (In Swedish.)
5.
go back to reference Heijbel B, Josephson M, Jensen I, Vingard E. Employer, insurance, and health system response to long-term sick leave in the public sector: Policy implications. J Occup Rehabil 2005;15(2):167–176.PubMedCrossRef Heijbel B, Josephson M, Jensen I, Vingard E. Employer, insurance, and health system response to long-term sick leave in the public sector: Policy implications. J Occup Rehabil 2005;15(2):167–176.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Arnetz BB, Sjogren B, Rydehn B, Meisel R. Early workplace intervention for employees with musculoskeletal-related absenteeism: A prospective controlled intervention study. J Occup Environ Med 2003;45(5):499–506.PubMedCrossRef Arnetz BB, Sjogren B, Rydehn B, Meisel R. Early workplace intervention for employees with musculoskeletal-related absenteeism: A prospective controlled intervention study. J Occup Environ Med 2003;45(5):499–506.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Burkhauser RV, Butler JS, Yang WK. The importance of employer accommodation on the job duration of workers with disabilities: A hazard model approach. Labour Economics 1995;2:109–130.CrossRef Burkhauser RV, Butler JS, Yang WK. The importance of employer accommodation on the job duration of workers with disabilities: A hazard model approach. Labour Economics 1995;2:109–130.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Dahlin Ivanoff S. Focus group discussions as a tool for developing a health education programme for elderly persons with visual impairment. Scan J Occup Ther 2002;9:3–9.CrossRef Dahlin Ivanoff S. Focus group discussions as a tool for developing a health education programme for elderly persons with visual impairment. Scan J Occup Ther 2002;9:3–9.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Kitzinger J. The methodology of focus groups: The importance of interaction between research participants. Sociology of Health and Illness 1994;16:103–121.CrossRef Kitzinger J. The methodology of focus groups: The importance of interaction between research participants. Sociology of Health and Illness 1994;16:103–121.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Krueger RA. Quality control in focus group research. In: Morgan DL, ed. Successful focus groups. Advancing the state of the art. California: Sage Publication; 1993, pp. 65–85. Krueger RA. Quality control in focus group research. In: Morgan DL, ed. Successful focus groups. Advancing the state of the art. California: Sage Publication; 1993, pp. 65–85.
11.
go back to reference Kitzinger J, Barbour R. Introduction: The challenge and promise of focus groups. In: Barbour R, Kitzinger J, ed. Developing focus group research. Politics, theory and practice. London: Sage Publications; 1999, pp 1–20. Kitzinger J, Barbour R. Introduction: The challenge and promise of focus groups. In: Barbour R, Kitzinger J, ed. Developing focus group research. Politics, theory and practice. London: Sage Publications; 1999, pp 1–20.
12.
go back to reference Krueger RA. Focus group. A practical guide for applied research. California: Sage Publications; 1988. Krueger RA. Focus group. A practical guide for applied research. California: Sage Publications; 1988.
13.
go back to reference Nieuwenhuijsen K, Verbeek JH, de Boer AG, Blonk RW, van Dijk FJ. Supervisory behaviour as a predictor of return to work in employees absent from work due to mental health problems. Occup Environ Med 2004;61(10):817–823.PubMedCrossRef Nieuwenhuijsen K, Verbeek JH, de Boer AG, Blonk RW, van Dijk FJ. Supervisory behaviour as a predictor of return to work in employees absent from work due to mental health problems. Occup Environ Med 2004;61(10):817–823.PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Janssen N, van den Heuvel WP, Beurskens AJ, Nijhuis FJ, Schroer CA, van Eijk JT. The Demand-Control-Support model as a predictor of return to work. Int J Rehabil Res 2003;26(1):1–9.PubMedCrossRef Janssen N, van den Heuvel WP, Beurskens AJ, Nijhuis FJ, Schroer CA, van Eijk JT. The Demand-Control-Support model as a predictor of return to work. Int J Rehabil Res 2003;26(1):1–9.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Kenny DT. Employers’ perspectives on the provision of suitable duties in occupational rehabilitation. J Occup Rehabil 1999;9(4):267–276.CrossRef Kenny DT. Employers’ perspectives on the provision of suitable duties in occupational rehabilitation. J Occup Rehabil 1999;9(4):267–276.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Krause N, Dasinger LK, Neuhauser F. Modified work and return to work: A review of the literature. J Occup Rehabil 1998;8(2):113–139.CrossRef Krause N, Dasinger LK, Neuhauser F. Modified work and return to work: A review of the literature. J Occup Rehabil 1998;8(2):113–139.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Franche RL, Cullen K, Clarke J, Irvin E, Sinclair S, Frank J. Workplace-based return-to-work interventions: A systematic review of the quantitative literature. J Occup Rehabil 2005;15(4):607–631.PubMedCrossRef Franche RL, Cullen K, Clarke J, Irvin E, Sinclair S, Frank J. Workplace-based return-to-work interventions: A systematic review of the quantitative literature. J Occup Rehabil 2005;15(4):607–631.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Navarro V, Shi L. The political context of social inequalities and health. Soc Sci Med 2001;52(3):481–491.PubMedCrossRef Navarro V, Shi L. The political context of social inequalities and health. Soc Sci Med 2001;52(3):481–491.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Östlin P. Gender inequalities in health: The significance of work. In: Wamala SP, Lynch J, ed. Gender and social inequities in health. Lund: Studentlitteratur, 2002, pp. 43–65. Östlin P. Gender inequalities in health: The significance of work. In: Wamala SP, Lynch J, ed. Gender and social inequities in health. Lund: Studentlitteratur, 2002, pp. 43–65.
20.
go back to reference Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Pentti J, Theorell T. Effect of change in the psychosocial work environment on sickness absence: A seven year follow up of initially healthy employees. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000;54(7):484–493.PubMedCrossRef Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Pentti J, Theorell T. Effect of change in the psychosocial work environment on sickness absence: A seven year follow up of initially healthy employees. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000;54(7):484–493.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Vahtera J, Kivimaki M, Pentti J. Effect of organisational downsizing on health of employees. Lancet 1997;350(9085):1124–1128.PubMedCrossRef Vahtera J, Kivimaki M, Pentti J. Effect of organisational downsizing on health of employees. Lancet 1997;350(9085):1124–1128.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Bourbonnais R, Mondor M. Job strain and sickness absence among nurses in the province of Quebec. Am J Ind Med 2001;39(2):194–202.PubMedCrossRef Bourbonnais R, Mondor M. Job strain and sickness absence among nurses in the province of Quebec. Am J Ind Med 2001;39(2):194–202.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference North FM, Syme SL, Feeney A, Shipley M, Marmot M. Psychosocial work environment and sickness absence among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study. Am J Public Health 1996;86(3):332–340.PubMedCrossRef North FM, Syme SL, Feeney A, Shipley M, Marmot M. Psychosocial work environment and sickness absence among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study. Am J Public Health 1996;86(3):332–340.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Voss M, Floderus B, Diderichsen F. Physical, psychosocial, and organisational factors relative to sickness absence: A study based on Sweden Post. Occup Environ Med 2001;58(3):178–184.PubMedCrossRef Voss M, Floderus B, Diderichsen F. Physical, psychosocial, and organisational factors relative to sickness absence: A study based on Sweden Post. Occup Environ Med 2001;58(3):178–184.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Voss M, Floderus B, Diderichsen F. How do job characteristics, family situation, domestic work, and lifestyle factors relate to sickness absence? A study based on Sweden Post. J Occup Environ Med 2004;46(11):1134–1143.PubMedCrossRef Voss M, Floderus B, Diderichsen F. How do job characteristics, family situation, domestic work, and lifestyle factors relate to sickness absence? A study based on Sweden Post. J Occup Environ Med 2004;46(11):1134–1143.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Vingard E, Lindberg P, Josephson M, Voss M, Heijbel B, Alfredsson L, et al. Long-term sick-listing among women in the public sector and its associations with age, social situation, lifestyle, and work factors: A three-year follow-up study. Scand J Public Health 2005;33(5):370–375.PubMedCrossRef Vingard E, Lindberg P, Josephson M, Voss M, Heijbel B, Alfredsson L, et al. Long-term sick-listing among women in the public sector and its associations with age, social situation, lifestyle, and work factors: A three-year follow-up study. Scand J Public Health 2005;33(5):370–375.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference North F, Syme SL, Feeney A, Head J, Shipley MJ, Marmot MG. Explaining socioeconomic differences in sickness absence: The Whitehall II Study. BMJ 1993;306(6874):361–366.PubMedCrossRef North F, Syme SL, Feeney A, Head J, Shipley MJ, Marmot MG. Explaining socioeconomic differences in sickness absence: The Whitehall II Study. BMJ 1993;306(6874):361–366.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Ostlund G, Cedersund E, Hensing G, Alexanderson K. Domestic strain: A hindrance in rehabilitation? Scand J Caring Sci 2004;18(1):49–56.PubMedCrossRef Ostlund G, Cedersund E, Hensing G, Alexanderson K. Domestic strain: A hindrance in rehabilitation? Scand J Caring Sci 2004;18(1):49–56.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Lundberg U, Mårdberg B, Frankenhaeuser M. The total workload of male and female white collar workers as related to age, occupational level, and number of children. Scand J Psychol 1994;35(4):315–327.PubMed Lundberg U, Mårdberg B, Frankenhaeuser M. The total workload of male and female white collar workers as related to age, occupational level, and number of children. Scand J Psychol 1994;35(4):315–327.PubMed
30.
go back to reference Hensing G, Alexanderson K. The relation of adult experience of domestic harassment, violence and sexual abuse to health and sickness absence. Int J Behav Med 2000;7:1–18.CrossRef Hensing G, Alexanderson K. The relation of adult experience of domestic harassment, violence and sexual abuse to health and sickness absence. Int J Behav Med 2000;7:1–18.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Pollock N. Client-centered assessment. Am J Occup Ther 1993;47(4):298–301.PubMed Pollock N. Client-centered assessment. Am J Occup Ther 1993;47(4):298–301.PubMed
32.
go back to reference Wressle E, Eeg-Olofsson AM, Marcusson J, Henriksson C. Improved client participation in the rehabilitation process using a client-centred goal formulation structure. J Rehabil Med 2002;34(1):5–11.PubMedCrossRef Wressle E, Eeg-Olofsson AM, Marcusson J, Henriksson C. Improved client participation in the rehabilitation process using a client-centred goal formulation structure. J Rehabil Med 2002;34(1):5–11.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Riksförsäkringsverket. Långtidssjukskrivna – diagnos, yrke, partiell sjukskrivning och återgång i arbete (Long-term sick-listed – diagnoses, occupation, partial sick-listing and return to work). Stockholm: Riksförsäkringsverket, 2004. Report No.: 2004:7. (In Swedish.) Riksförsäkringsverket. Långtidssjukskrivna – diagnos, yrke, partiell sjukskrivning och återgång i arbete (Long-term sick-listed – diagnoses, occupation, partial sick-listing and return to work). Stockholm: Riksförsäkringsverket, 2004. Report No.: 2004:7. (In Swedish.)
34.
go back to reference Dunn W, Brown C, McGuigan A. The ecology of human performance: A framework for considering the effect of context. Am J Occup Ther 1994;48(7):595–607.PubMed Dunn W, Brown C, McGuigan A. The ecology of human performance: A framework for considering the effect of context. Am J Occup Ther 1994;48(7):595–607.PubMed
35.
go back to reference Law M, Cooper BA, Strong S, Stewart D, Rigby P, Letts L. The Person-Environment-Occupational Model: A transactive approach to occupational performance. Can J Occup Ther 1996;63(1):9–23. Law M, Cooper BA, Strong S, Stewart D, Rigby P, Letts L. The Person-Environment-Occupational Model: A transactive approach to occupational performance. Can J Occup Ther 1996;63(1):9–23.
Metadata
Title
Supervisors’ views on employer responsibility in the return to work process. A focus group study
Authors
Kristina Holmgren
Synneve Dahlin Ivanoff
Publication date
01-03-2007
Published in
Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation / Issue 1/2007
Print ISSN: 1053-0487
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3688
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-006-9041-4

Other articles of this Issue 1/2007

Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 1/2007 Go to the issue