Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Medical Systems 2/2013

01-04-2013 | Original Paper

Discovering Medical Knowledge using Association Rule Mining in Young Adults with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Authors: Dong Gyu Lee, Kwang Sun Ryu, Mohamed Bashir, Jang-Whan Bae, Keun Ho Ryu

Published in: Journal of Medical Systems | Issue 2/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

The knowledge discovery has been widely applied to mine significant knowledge from medical data. Nevertheless, previous studies have produced large numbers of imprecise patterns. To reduce the number of imprecise patterns, we need an approach that can discover interesting patterns that connote causality between antecedent and consequence in a pattern. In this paper, we propose association rule mining method that can discover interesting patterns that include medical knowledge in Korean acute myocardial infarction registry that consists of 1,247 young adults collected by 51 participating hospitals since 2005. Proposed method can remove imprecise patterns and discover target patterns that include associations between blood factors and disease history. The association that blood factors affect to disease history is defined as target pattern. In our experiments, the interestingness of a target pattern is evaluated in terms of statistical measures such as lift, leverage, and conviction. We discover medical knowledge that glucose, smoking, triglyceride total cholesterol, and creatinine are associated with diabetes and hypertension in Korean young adults with acute myocardial infarction.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Gu, D., Liang, C., and Li, X., Intelligent technique for knowledge reuse of dental medical records based on case-based reasoning. J. Med. Syst. 34:213–222, 2010.CrossRef Gu, D., Liang, C., and Li, X., Intelligent technique for knowledge reuse of dental medical records based on case-based reasoning. J. Med. Syst. 34:213–222, 2010.CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Du, G., Jiang, Z., Diao, X., and Yao, Y., Knowledge extraction algorithm for variances handling of CP using integrated hybrid genetic double multi-group cooperative PSO and DPSO. J. Med. Syst. 36:979–994, 2012.CrossRef Du, G., Jiang, Z., Diao, X., and Yao, Y., Knowledge extraction algorithm for variances handling of CP using integrated hybrid genetic double multi-group cooperative PSO and DPSO. J. Med. Syst. 36:979–994, 2012.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Arif, M., Malagore, I. A., and Afsar, F. A., Detection and localization of myocardial infarction using K-nearest neighbor classifier. J. Med. Syst. 36:279–289, 2012.CrossRef Arif, M., Malagore, I. A., and Afsar, F. A., Detection and localization of myocardial infarction using K-nearest neighbor classifier. J. Med. Syst. 36:279–289, 2012.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Shon, H. S., Ryu, K. S., Park, S.H., Bae, J.W., Cha, E. J. and Ryu, K. H., Risk factors of major adverse cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention in non ST elevation myocardial infarction. Int. Conf. Ubiquit. Healthc. 58–60, 2011. Shon, H. S., Ryu, K. S., Park, S.H., Bae, J.W., Cha, E. J. and Ryu, K. H., Risk factors of major adverse cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention in non ST elevation myocardial infarction. Int. Conf. Ubiquit. Healthc. 58–60, 2011.
5.
go back to reference Li, P., Pok, G., Jung, K. S., Shon, H. S., and Ryu, K. H., QSE: A new 3-D solvent exposure measure for the analysis of protein structure. Proteomics 11(19):3794–3801, 2011. Li, P., Pok, G., Jung, K. S., Shon, H. S., and Ryu, K. H., QSE: A new 3-D solvent exposure measure for the analysis of protein structure. Proteomics 11(19):3794–3801, 2011.
6.
go back to reference Bashir, M. E., Lee, D. G., Akasha, M., Yi, G. M., Cha, E. J., Bae, J. W., Cho, M. C., and Ryu, K. H., Highlighting the current issues with pride suggestions for improving the performance of real time cardiac health monitoring. Inf. Technol. Bio- Med. Inform 6266:226–33, 2010. Bashir, M. E., Lee, D. G., Akasha, M., Yi, G. M., Cha, E. J., Bae, J. W., Cho, M. C., and Ryu, K. H., Highlighting the current issues with pride suggestions for improving the performance of real time cardiac health monitoring. Inf. Technol. Bio- Med. Inform 6266:226–33, 2010.
7.
go back to reference Bashir, M. E., Ryu, K. S., Park, S. H., Lee, D. G., Shon, H. S., and Ryu, K. H., Superiority real-time cardiac arrhythmias detection using trigger learning method. Inf. Technol. Bio- Med. Informa. 6865:53–65, 2011. Bashir, M. E., Ryu, K. S., Park, S. H., Lee, D. G., Shon, H. S., and Ryu, K. H., Superiority real-time cardiac arrhythmias detection using trigger learning method. Inf. Technol. Bio- Med. Informa. 6865:53–65, 2011.
8.
go back to reference Shon, H. S., Ryu, K. H., Yang, K. S., and Yoo, C. W., Feature selection method using WF-LASSO for gene expression data analysis. ACM Conf. Bioinforma, Comput. Biol. Biomed. 522–24, 2011. Shon, H. S., Ryu, K. H., Yang, K. S., and Yoo, C. W., Feature selection method using WF-LASSO for gene expression data analysis. ACM Conf. Bioinforma, Comput. Biol. Biomed. 522–24, 2011.
9.
go back to reference Towbin, J. A., Bricker, J. T., and Garson, A., Electrocardiographic criteria for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in childhood. Am. J. Cardiol. 69(19):1545–1548, 1992.CrossRef Towbin, J. A., Bricker, J. T., and Garson, A., Electrocardiographic criteria for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in childhood. Am. J. Cardiol. 69(19):1545–1548, 1992.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Weinberger, I., Rotenberg, Z., Fuchs, J., Sagy, A., Friedmann, J., and Agmon, J., Myocardial infarction in young adults under 30 years: Risk factors and clinical course. Clin. Cardiol. 10(1):9–15, 1987.CrossRef Weinberger, I., Rotenberg, Z., Fuchs, J., Sagy, A., Friedmann, J., and Agmon, J., Myocardial infarction in young adults under 30 years: Risk factors and clinical course. Clin. Cardiol. 10(1):9–15, 1987.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Chouhan, L., Hajar, H. A., and Pomposiello, J. C., Comparison of thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction in patients aged <35 and >55 years. Am. J. Cardiol. 71(2):157–159, 1993.CrossRef Chouhan, L., Hajar, H. A., and Pomposiello, J. C., Comparison of thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction in patients aged <35 and >55 years. Am. J. Cardiol. 71(2):157–159, 1993.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Perski, A., Olsson, G., Landou, C., de Faire, U., Theorell, T., and Hamsten, A., Minimum heart rate and coronary atherosclerosis: Independent relations to global severity and rate of progression of angiographic lesions in men with myocardial infarction at a young age. Am. J. Cardiol. 123(3):609–616, 1992. Perski, A., Olsson, G., Landou, C., de Faire, U., Theorell, T., and Hamsten, A., Minimum heart rate and coronary atherosclerosis: Independent relations to global severity and rate of progression of angiographic lesions in men with myocardial infarction at a young age. Am. J. Cardiol. 123(3):609–616, 1992.
13.
go back to reference AHA (American Heart Association), Heart and Stroke Facts Statistics. American Heart Association, Dallas, 1993. AHA (American Heart Association), Heart and Stroke Facts Statistics. American Heart Association, Dallas, 1993.
14.
go back to reference Kannel, W. B., and Abbott, R. D., Incidence and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction. An update on the Framingham study. N. Engl. J. Med. 311(18):1144–1147, 1984.CrossRef Kannel, W. B., and Abbott, R. D., Incidence and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction. An update on the Framingham study. N. Engl. J. Med. 311(18):1144–1147, 1984.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Zimmerman, F. H., Cameron, A., Fisher, L. D., and Ng, G., Myocardial infarction in young adults: Angiographic characterization, risk factors and prognosis (Coronary Artery Surgery Study Registry). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 26(3):654–661, 1995.CrossRef Zimmerman, F. H., Cameron, A., Fisher, L. D., and Ng, G., Myocardial infarction in young adults: Angiographic characterization, risk factors and prognosis (Coronary Artery Surgery Study Registry). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 26(3):654–661, 1995.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Füllhaas, J. U., Rickenbacher, P., Pfisterer, M., and Ritz, R., Long-term prognosis of young patients after myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era. Clin. Cardiol. 20(12):993–998, 1997.CrossRef Füllhaas, J. U., Rickenbacher, P., Pfisterer, M., and Ritz, R., Long-term prognosis of young patients after myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era. Clin. Cardiol. 20(12):993–998, 1997.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Imazio, M., Bobbio, M., Bergerone, S., Barlera, S., and Maggioni, A. P., Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of juvenile myocardial infarction in Italy: The GISSI experience. G. Ital. Cardiol. 28(5):505–512, 1998. Imazio, M., Bobbio, M., Bergerone, S., Barlera, S., and Maggioni, A. P., Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of juvenile myocardial infarction in Italy: The GISSI experience. G. Ital. Cardiol. 28(5):505–512, 1998.
18.
go back to reference Doughty, M., Mehta, R., Bruckman, D., Das, S., Karavite, D., Tsai, T., and Eagle, K., Acute myocardial infarction in the young-The University of Michingan experience. Am. Heart J. 143(1):56–62, 2002.CrossRef Doughty, M., Mehta, R., Bruckman, D., Das, S., Karavite, D., Tsai, T., and Eagle, K., Acute myocardial infarction in the young-The University of Michingan experience. Am. Heart J. 143(1):56–62, 2002.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Agrawal, R., and Srikant, R., Fast algorithms for mining association rules in large databases. Int. Conf. Very Large Data Bases. 487–99, 1994. Agrawal, R., and Srikant, R., Fast algorithms for mining association rules in large databases. Int. Conf. Very Large Data Bases. 487–99, 1994.
20.
go back to reference Han, J., Pei, J., and Yin, Y., Mining frequent patterns without candidate generation. ACM SIGMOD Int. Conf. Manag. Data 29(2):1–12, 2000. Han, J., Pei, J., and Yin, Y., Mining frequent patterns without candidate generation. ACM SIGMOD Int. Conf. Manag. Data 29(2):1–12, 2000.
22.
go back to reference Rauch, J., and Šimůnek, M., Alternative approach to mining association rules. Found. Data Min. Knowl. Disc. 6:211–31, 2005. Rauch, J., and Šimůnek, M., Alternative approach to mining association rules. Found. Data Min. Knowl. Disc. 6:211–31, 2005.
23.
go back to reference Dogan, S., and Turkoglu, I., Diagnosing hyperlipidemia using association rules. Math. Comput. Appl. 13(3):193–202, 2008. Dogan, S., and Turkoglu, I., Diagnosing hyperlipidemia using association rules. Math. Comput. Appl. 13(3):193–202, 2008.
24.
go back to reference Ordonez, C., Association rule discovery with the train and test approach for heart disease prediction. IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed. 10(2):334–343, 2006.MathSciNetCrossRef Ordonez, C., Association rule discovery with the train and test approach for heart disease prediction. IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed. 10(2):334–343, 2006.MathSciNetCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Gamberger, D., Lavrač, N. and Jovanoski, V., High confidence association rules for medical diagnosis. Intell. Data Anal. Med. Pharmacol. 42–51, 1999. Gamberger, D., Lavrač, N. and Jovanoski, V., High confidence association rules for medical diagnosis. Intell. Data Anal. Med. Pharmacol. 42–51, 1999.
26.
go back to reference Szathmary, L., Napoli, A., and Valtchev, P., Towards rare itemset mining. Int. Conf. Tools with Artificial Interlligence. 1:305–312, 2007.CrossRef Szathmary, L., Napoli, A., and Valtchev, P., Towards rare itemset mining. Int. Conf. Tools with Artificial Interlligence. 1:305–312, 2007.CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Szathmary, L., Valtchev, P., and Napoli, A., Finding minimal rare itemsets and rare association rules. Knowl. Sci. Eng. Manag. 6291:16–27, 2010. Szathmary, L., Valtchev, P., and Napoli, A., Finding minimal rare itemsets and rare association rules. Knowl. Sci. Eng. Manag. 6291:16–27, 2010.
28.
go back to reference Patil, S. B., and Kumaraswamy, Y. S., Extraction of significant patterns from heart disease warehouses for heart attack prediction. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Netw. Secur. 9(2):228–235, 2009. Patil, S. B., and Kumaraswamy, Y. S., Extraction of significant patterns from heart disease warehouses for heart attack prediction. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Netw. Secur. 9(2):228–235, 2009.
29.
go back to reference Burdick, D., Calimlim, M., Flannick, J., Gehrke, J., and Yiu, T., MAFIA: A Maximal Frequent Itemset Algorithm. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 17(11):1490–1504, 2005.CrossRef Burdick, D., Calimlim, M., Flannick, J., Gehrke, J., and Yiu, T., MAFIA: A Maximal Frequent Itemset Algorithm. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 17(11):1490–1504, 2005.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Karaolis, M., Moutiris, J. A., Papaconstantinou, L. and Pattichis, C. S., Association rule analysis for the assessment of the risk of coronary heart events. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 6238–41, 2009. Karaolis, M., Moutiris, J. A., Papaconstantinou, L. and Pattichis, C. S., Association rule analysis for the assessment of the risk of coronary heart events. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 6238–41, 2009.
31.
go back to reference Pasquier, N., Taouil, R., Bastide, Y., Stumme, G., and Lakhal, L., Generating a condensed representation for association rules. J. Intell. Inform. Syst. 24(1):29–60, 2005.MATHCrossRef Pasquier, N., Taouil, R., Bastide, Y., Stumme, G., and Lakhal, L., Generating a condensed representation for association rules. J. Intell. Inform. Syst. 24(1):29–60, 2005.MATHCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Brisson, L., Pasquier, N., Hebert, C., and Collard, M., HASARD: Mining sequential association rules for atherosclerosis risk factor analysis. Eur. Conf. Princ. Pract. Knowl. Discov. Databases. 14–25, 2004. Brisson, L., Pasquier, N., Hebert, C., and Collard, M., HASARD: Mining sequential association rules for atherosclerosis risk factor analysis. Eur. Conf. Princ. Pract. Knowl. Discov. Databases. 14–25, 2004.
33.
go back to reference Lavrač, N., Železný, F., and Flach, P. A., RSD: Relational subgroup discovery through first-order feature construction, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2583. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 149–165, 2003. Lavrač, N., Železný, F., and Flach, P. A., RSD: Relational subgroup discovery through first-order feature construction, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2583. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 149–165, 2003.
34.
go back to reference Kléma, J., Holas, T., Železný, F., and Karel, F., Mining the strongest patterns in medical sequential data. Eur. Med. Biol. Eng. Conf. 2005. Kléma, J., Holas, T., Železný, F., and Karel, F., Mining the strongest patterns in medical sequential data. Eur. Med. Biol. Eng. Conf. 2005.
35.
go back to reference Karaolis, M., Moutiris, J. A., Papaconstantinou, L. and Pattichis, C. S., AKAMAS: Mining association rules using a new algorithm for the assessment of the risk of coronary heart events. Inf. Technol. Appl. Biomed. 1–6, 2009. Karaolis, M., Moutiris, J. A., Papaconstantinou, L. and Pattichis, C. S., AKAMAS: Mining association rules using a new algorithm for the assessment of the risk of coronary heart events. Inf. Technol. Appl. Biomed. 1–6, 2009.
36.
go back to reference Delgado, M., Sánchez, D., Martín-Bautista, M. J., and Vila, M., Mining association rules with improved semantics in medical databases. Artif. Intell. Med. 21:241–245, 2001.CrossRef Delgado, M., Sánchez, D., Martín-Bautista, M. J., and Vila, M., Mining association rules with improved semantics in medical databases. Artif. Intell. Med. 21:241–245, 2001.CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Kim, H. K., Jeong, M. H., Ahn, Y., Kim, J. H., Chae, S. C., Kim, Y. J., Hur, S. H., Seong, I. W., Hong, T. J., Choi, D. H., Cho, M. C., Kim, C. J., Seung, K. B., Chung, W. S., Jang, Y. S., Rha, S. W., Bae, J. H., Cho, J. G., and Park, S. J., Other Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry Investigators: Hospital discharge risk score system for the assessment of clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry [KAMIR] score). Am. J. Cardiol. 107(7):965–971, 2011.CrossRef Kim, H. K., Jeong, M. H., Ahn, Y., Kim, J. H., Chae, S. C., Kim, Y. J., Hur, S. H., Seong, I. W., Hong, T. J., Choi, D. H., Cho, M. C., Kim, C. J., Seung, K. B., Chung, W. S., Jang, Y. S., Rha, S. W., Bae, J. H., Cho, J. G., and Park, S. J., Other Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry Investigators: Hospital discharge risk score system for the assessment of clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry [KAMIR] score). Am. J. Cardiol. 107(7):965–971, 2011.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Sim, D. S., Jeong, M. H., and Kang, J. C., Current management of acute myocardial infarction: Experience from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. J. Cardiol. 56(1):1–7, 2010.CrossRef Sim, D. S., Jeong, M. H., and Kang, J. C., Current management of acute myocardial infarction: Experience from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. J. Cardiol. 56(1):1–7, 2010.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Ridker, P. M., Hennekens, C. H., Buring, J. E., and Rifai, N., C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N. Engl. J. Med. 342(12):836–843, 2000.CrossRef Ridker, P. M., Hennekens, C. H., Buring, J. E., and Rifai, N., C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N. Engl. J. Med. 342(12):836–843, 2000.CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Ridker, P. M., Cushman, M., Stampfer, M. J., Tracy, R. P., and Hennekens, C. H., Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N. Engl. J. Med. 336(14):973–979, 1997.CrossRef Ridker, P. M., Cushman, M., Stampfer, M. J., Tracy, R. P., and Hennekens, C. H., Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N. Engl. J. Med. 336(14):973–979, 1997.CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Anand, A. V., Muneeb, M., Divya, N., Senthil, R., Kapoor, M., Gowri, J., and Begum, T. N., Clinical significance of hypertension, diabetes and inflammation, as predictor of cardiovascular disease. Int. J. Biol. Med. Res. 2(1):369–373, 2011. Anand, A. V., Muneeb, M., Divya, N., Senthil, R., Kapoor, M., Gowri, J., and Begum, T. N., Clinical significance of hypertension, diabetes and inflammation, as predictor of cardiovascular disease. Int. J. Biol. Med. Res. 2(1):369–373, 2011.
42.
go back to reference Oviagele, B., Markovic, D., and Fonarow, G. C., Recent US patterns and predictors of prevalent diabetes among acute myocardial infarction patients. Cardiol. Res. Pract. 2011(145615):1–8, 2011.CrossRef Oviagele, B., Markovic, D., and Fonarow, G. C., Recent US patterns and predictors of prevalent diabetes among acute myocardial infarction patients. Cardiol. Res. Pract. 2011(145615):1–8, 2011.CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Lee, M. G., Jeong, M. H., Ahn, Y., Chae, S. C., Hur, S. H., Hong, T. J., Kim, Y. J., Seong, I. W., Chae, J. K., Rhew, J. Y., Chae, I. H., Cho, M. C., Bae, J. H., Rha, S. W., Kim, C. J., Choi, D., Jang, Y. S., Yoon, J., Chung, W. S., Cho, J. G., Seung, K. B., and Park, S. J., Comparison of clinical outcomes following acute myocardial infarctions in hypertensive patients with or without Diabetes. Korean Circ. J. 39(6):243–250, 2009.CrossRef Lee, M. G., Jeong, M. H., Ahn, Y., Chae, S. C., Hur, S. H., Hong, T. J., Kim, Y. J., Seong, I. W., Chae, J. K., Rhew, J. Y., Chae, I. H., Cho, M. C., Bae, J. H., Rha, S. W., Kim, C. J., Choi, D., Jang, Y. S., Yoon, J., Chung, W. S., Cho, J. G., Seung, K. B., and Park, S. J., Comparison of clinical outcomes following acute myocardial infarctions in hypertensive patients with or without Diabetes. Korean Circ. J. 39(6):243–250, 2009.CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Kang, D. G., Jeong, M. H., Ahn, Y., Chae, S. C., Hur, S. H., Hong, T. J., Kim, Y. J., Seong, I. W., Chae, J. K., Rhew, J. Y., Chae, I. H., Cho, M. C., Bae, J. H., Rha, S. W., Kim, C. J., Jang, Y. S., Yoon, J., Seung, K. B., and Park, S. J., Clinical effect of hypertension on the mortality of patients with acute myocardial infarction. J. Korean Sci. 24(5):800–806, 2009.CrossRef Kang, D. G., Jeong, M. H., Ahn, Y., Chae, S. C., Hur, S. H., Hong, T. J., Kim, Y. J., Seong, I. W., Chae, J. K., Rhew, J. Y., Chae, I. H., Cho, M. C., Bae, J. H., Rha, S. W., Kim, C. J., Jang, Y. S., Yoon, J., Seung, K. B., and Park, S. J., Clinical effect of hypertension on the mortality of patients with acute myocardial infarction. J. Korean Sci. 24(5):800–806, 2009.CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Quinlan, J. R., C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning. Morgan Kaufmann. 1993. Quinlan, J. R., C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning. Morgan Kaufmann. 1993.
46.
go back to reference Piatetsky-Shapiro, G., Discovery, analysis, and presentation of strong rules. Knowl. Disc. Databases 229:229–248, 1991. Piatetsky-Shapiro, G., Discovery, analysis, and presentation of strong rules. Knowl. Disc. Databases 229:229–248, 1991.
47.
go back to reference Brin, S., Motwani, R., Ullman, J. D., and Tsur, S., Dynamic itemset counting and implication rules for market basket data. ACM SIGMOD Int. Conf. Manag. Data 26(2):255–264, 1997.CrossRef Brin, S., Motwani, R., Ullman, J. D., and Tsur, S., Dynamic itemset counting and implication rules for market basket data. ACM SIGMOD Int. Conf. Manag. Data 26(2):255–264, 1997.CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Tungsubutra, W., Tresukosol, D., Buddhari, W., Boonsom, W., Sanguanwang, S., and Srichaiveth, B., Acute Coronary Syndrome in Young Adults: The Thai ACS Registry. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 1:81–90, 2007. Tungsubutra, W., Tresukosol, D., Buddhari, W., Boonsom, W., Sanguanwang, S., and Srichaiveth, B., Acute Coronary Syndrome in Young Adults: The Thai ACS Registry. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 1:81–90, 2007.
49.
go back to reference Kanitz, M. G., Giovannucci, S. J., Jones, J. S., and Mott, M., Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults: Risk Factors and Clinical Features. J. Emerg. Med. 14(2):139–145, 1996.CrossRef Kanitz, M. G., Giovannucci, S. J., Jones, J. S., and Mott, M., Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults: Risk Factors and Clinical Features. J. Emerg. Med. 14(2):139–145, 1996.CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Hong, M. K., Cho, S. Y., Hong, B. K., Chang, K. J., Chung, M. I., Lee, H. M., Lim, W. S., Kwon, H. M., Jang, Y. S., and Chung, N. S., Acute myocardial infarction in the young adults. Yonsei Med. J. 35(2):184–189, 1994. Hong, M. K., Cho, S. Y., Hong, B. K., Chang, K. J., Chung, M. I., Lee, H. M., Lim, W. S., Kwon, H. M., Jang, Y. S., and Chung, N. S., Acute myocardial infarction in the young adults. Yonsei Med. J. 35(2):184–189, 1994.
51.
go back to reference Caimi, G., Valenti, A., and Lo Presti, R., Acute myocardial infarction in young adults: Evaluation of the haemorheological pattern at the initial stage, after 3 and 12 months. Ann. Ist Super Sanita. 43(2):139–143, 2007. Caimi, G., Valenti, A., and Lo Presti, R., Acute myocardial infarction in young adults: Evaluation of the haemorheological pattern at the initial stage, after 3 and 12 months. Ann. Ist Super Sanita. 43(2):139–143, 2007.
52.
go back to reference Lin, Y., Hsu, L., Ko, Y., Kuo, C., Chen, W., Lin, C., Pan, W., and Chang, C., Impact of conventional cardiovascular risk factors on acute myocardial infarction in young adult Taiwanese. Acta Cardiol Sin. 26:228–234, 2010. Lin, Y., Hsu, L., Ko, Y., Kuo, C., Chen, W., Lin, C., Pan, W., and Chang, C., Impact of conventional cardiovascular risk factors on acute myocardial infarction in young adult Taiwanese. Acta Cardiol Sin. 26:228–234, 2010.
Metadata
Title
Discovering Medical Knowledge using Association Rule Mining in Young Adults with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors
Dong Gyu Lee
Kwang Sun Ryu
Mohamed Bashir
Jang-Whan Bae
Keun Ho Ryu
Publication date
01-04-2013
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Medical Systems / Issue 2/2013
Print ISSN: 0148-5598
Electronic ISSN: 1573-689X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-012-9896-1

Other articles of this Issue 2/2013

Journal of Medical Systems 2/2013 Go to the issue