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Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia

Published in:

01-03-2013

Metals and Breast Cancer

Authors: Celia Byrne, Shailaja D. Divekar, Geoffrey B. Storchan, Daniela A. Parodi, Mary Beth Martin

Published in: Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia | Issue 1/2013

Abstract

Metalloestrogens are metals that activate the estrogen receptor in the absence of estradiol. The metalloestrogens fall into two subclasses: metal/metalloid anions and bivalent cationic metals. The metal/metalloid anions include compounds such as arsenite, nitrite, selenite, and vanadate while the bivalent cations include metals such as cadmium, calcium, cobalt, copper, nickel, chromium, lead, mercury, and tin. The best studied metalloestrogen is cadmium. It is a heavy metal and a prevalent environmental contaminant with no known physiological function. This review addresses our current understanding of the mechanism by which cadmium and the bivalent cationic metals activate estrogen receptor-α. The review also summarizes the in vitro and in vivo evidence that cadmium functions as an estrogen and the potential role of cadmium in breast cancer.

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Title: Metals and Breast Cancer
Authors: Celia Byrne
Shailaja D. Divekar
Geoffrey B. Storchan
Daniela A. Parodi
Mary Beth Martin
Publication date: 01-03-2013
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia / Issue 1/2013
Print ISSN: 1083-3021
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7039
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-013-9273-9

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