Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health
Published in: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 1/2012

01-02-2012 | Review Article

Mobility and HIV in Central America and Mexico: A critical review

Authors: Shira M. Goldenberg, Steffanie A. Strathdee, Maria D. Perez-Rosales, Omar Sued

Published in: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health | Issue 1/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Mobility is a key determinant of HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmission dynamics in Asia and Africa. Scant data exist regarding its dynamic impacts on HIV/STI risk in Central America and Mexico. Our objective was to critically review the epidemiology and social and structural context of HIV/STI risk among mobile populations in Central America and Mexico. Eligible articles were published in English or Spanish between January 1, 2000 and August 31, 2010; conducted in Central America or Mexico; specified the mobile population included; and described primary research. 2045 records were screened, 275 articles reviewed, and 22 studies included. Mobility is associated with increased HIV risk behaviors, though it also may increase preventive behaviors. Among mobile groups in Central America and Mexico, social isolation, the socio-economic impacts of displacement, gender inequalities, and stigma/discrimination shape HIV risk. Epidemiologic research and multi-level interventions that target and engage vulnerable groups in transit stations are recommended.
Footnotes
1
These data underestimate the number of repatriated migrants, as they include only removals (deportation based on an order of removal, which carries administrative and criminal consequences upon reentry), which represented less than one quarter of repatriations from 2000-2008. Most deportees are returned (deportation not based on an order of removal, which does not carry criminal consequences upon re-entry). Returns by country of origin are unpublished.
 
2
While other successful HIV prevention interventions among the general population or most at risk groups have been published, those that did not specify the migrant population sampled were not eligible for inclusion.
 
3
UCJSC, 2005, unpublished data.
 
4
HCP, unpublished data.
 
5
MOH, 2002, unpublished data.
 
6
FUNDESIDA, unpublished data.
 
7
ACNUR, unpublished data.
 
Literature
1.
Broring G, Van Duifhuizen R. Mobility and the spread of HIV/AIDS: a challenge to health promotion. AIDS Health Promot Exch. 1993;(1):1–3.PubMed
2.
Ferguson AG, Morris CN. Mapping transactional sex on the Northern Corridor highway in Kenya. Health Place. 2007;13(2):504–19.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Lagarde E, Schim van der Loeff M, Enel C, Holmgren B, Dray-Spira R, Pison G, et al. Mobility and the spread of human immunodeficiency virus into rural areas of West Africa. Int J Epidemiol. 2003;32(5):744–52.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Lurie MN, Williams BG, Zuma K, Mkaya-Mwamburi D, Garnett GP, Sturm AW, et al. The impact of migration on HIV-1 transmission in South Africa: a study of migrant and nonmigrant men and their partners. Sex Transm Dis. 2003;30(2):149–56.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Rachlis B, Brouwer KC, Mills EJ, Hayes M, Kerr T, Hogg RS. Migration and transmission of blood-borne infections among injection drug users: understanding the epidemiologic bridge. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;90(2–3):107–19.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zuma K, Lurie MN, Williams BG, Mkaya-Mwamburi D, Garnett GP, Sturm AW. Risk factors of sexually transmitted infections among migrant and non-migrant sexual partnerships from rural South Africa. Epidemiol Infect. 2005;133(3):421–8.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Decosas J, Kane F, Anarfi JK, Sodji KDR, Wagner HU. Migration and AIDS. Lancet. 1995;346(8978):826–8.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Mayer JD. Geography, ecology and emerging infectious diseases. Soc Sci Med. 2000; 50(7–8):937–52.
9.
Gibney L, Saquib N, Metzger J. Behavioral risk factors for STD/HIV transmission in Bangladesh’s trucking industry. Soc Sci Med. 2003;56(7):1411–24.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Campbell C, Williams B. Beyond the biomedical and behavioural: towards an integrated approach to HIV prevention in the Southern African mining industry. Soci Sci Med. 1999;48(11):1625–39.CrossRef
11.
Apostolopoulos Y, Sönmez S. Tracing the diffusion of infectious diseases in the transport sector. In: Apostolopoulos Y, Sönmez S, editors. Population mobility and infectious disease. Springer US; 2007. p. 131–56.
12.
Gushulak BD, MacPherson DW. Population mobility and infectious diseases: the diminishing impact of classical infectious diseases and new approaches for the 21st century. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31(3):776–80.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Off the beaten track: avahan’s experience in the business of prevention among India’s long distance truckers. New Delhi: BMGF; 2008.
14.
Worobey M, Gemmel M, Teuwen DE, Haselkorn T, Kunstman K, Bunce M, et al. Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960. Nature. 2008;455(7213):661–4.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Coffee M, Lurie MN, Garnett GP. Modelling the impact of migration on the HIV epidemic in South Africa. AIDS. 2007;21(3):343–50.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Kane F, Alary M, Ndoye I, Coll AM, M’boup S, Guèye A, et al. Temporary expatriation is related to HIV-1 infection in rural Senegal. AIDS. 1993;7(9):1261.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Brockerhoff M, Biddlecom AE. Migration, sexual behavior and the risk of HIV in Kenya. Int Migrat Rev. 1999;33(4):833–56.CrossRef
18.
Morris CN, Ferguson AG. Estimation of the sexual transmission of HIV in Kenya and Uganda on the trans-Africa highway: the continuing role for prevention in high risk groups. Sex Transm Infect. 2006;82(5):368–71.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Kishamawe C, Vissers DCJ, Urassa M, Isingo R, Mwaluko G, Borsboom GJJM, et al. Mobility and HIV in Tanzanian couples: both mobile persons and their partners show increased risk. AIDS. 2006;20(4):601.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Sunmola AM. Sexual practices, barriers to condom use and its consistent use among long distance truck drivers in Nigeria. AIDS Care. 2005;17(2):208–21.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Araoye MO, Onile BA, Jolayemi ET. Sexual behavior and condom acceptance among Nigerian drivers. West Afr J Med. 1996;15:6–10.PubMed
22.
Laukamm-Josten U, Mwizarubi BK, Outwater A, Mwaijonga CL, Valadez JJ, Nyamwaya D, et al. Preventing HIV infection through peer education and condom promotion among truck drivers and their sexual partners in Tanzania, 1990–1993. Aids Care Psychol Socio Med Aspects Aids/Hiv. 2000;12(1):27–40.
23.
Gysels M, Pool R, Bwanika K. Truck drivers, middlemen and commercial sex workers: AIDS and the mediation of sex in south west Uganda. AIDS Care. 2001;13(3):373–85.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Ramjee G, Gouws E. Prevalence of HIV among truck drivers visiting sex workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Sex Transm Dis. 2002;29(1):44–9.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Rakwar J, Lavreys L, Thompson ML, Jackson D, Bwayo J, Hassanali S, et al. Cofactors for the acquisition of HIV-1 among heterosexual men: prospective cohort study of trucking company workers in Kenya. Aids. 1999;13(5):607–14.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Skeldon R, HIV USEA. Population mobility and HIV vulnerability in South East Asia: an assessment and analysis. UNDP South East Asia HIV & Development Project; (2000).
27.
Lyttleton C, Amarapibal A. Sister cities and easy passage: HIV, mobility and economies of desire in a Thai/Lao border zone. Soc Sci Med. 2002;54(4):505–18.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Hugo G, HIV USEA. Population mobility and HIV/AIDS in Indonesia: UNDP South East Asia HIV and Development Project; (2000).
29.
Bryan AD, Fisher JD, Joseph Benziger T. Determinants of HIV risk among Indian truck drivers. Soc Sci Med. 2001;53(11):1413–26.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Gibney L, Macaluso M, Kirk K, Hassan MS, Schwebke J, Vermund SH, et al. Prevalence of infectious diseases in Bangladeshi women living adjacent to a truck stand: HIV/STD/hepatitis/genital tract infections. Sex Transm Infect. 2001;77(5):344–50.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Sopheab H, Fylkesnes K, Vun MC, O’Farrell N. HIV-related risk behaviors in Cambodia and effects of mobility. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006;41(1):81.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Lippman SA, Pulerwitz J, Chinaglia M, Hubbard A, Reingold A, Diaz J. Mobility and its liminal context: exploring sexual partnering among truck drivers crossing the Southern Brazilian border. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65(12):2464–73.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Malta M, Bastos FI, Pereira-Koller EM, Cunha MD, Marques C, Strathdee SA. A qualitative assessment of long distance truck drivers’ vulnerability to HIV/AIDS in Itajai, southern Brazil. AIDS Care. 2006;18(5):489–96.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Stratford D, Ellerbrock TV, Akins JK, Hall HL. Highway cowboys, old hands, and Christian truckers: risk behavior for human immunodeficiency virus infection among long-haul truckers in Florida. Soc Sci Med. 2000;50(5):737–49.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Sumartojo E. Structural factors in HIV prevention: concepts, examples, and implications for research. AIDS. 2000;14:S3–10.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Link BG, Phelan J. Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease. Journal Health Soc Behav. 1995;35:80–94.CrossRef
37.
Phelan JC, Link BG. Controlling disease and creating disparities: a fundamental cause perspective. J Gerontol. 2005;60:27–33.
38.
Soskolne V, Shtarkshall RA. Migration and HIV prevention programmes: linking structural factors, culture, and individual behaviour—an Israeli experience. Soc Sci Med. 2002;55(8):1297–307.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Grove N, Zwi A. Our health and theirs: forced migration, othering, and public health. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(8):1931–42.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Goldenberg S, Shoveller J, Ostry A, Koehoorn M. Youth sexual behaviour in a boomtown: implications for the control of sexually transmitted infections. Sex Transm Infect. 2008;84(3):220–3.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Shedlin MG, Decena CU, Oliver-Velez D. Initial acculturation and HIV risk among new Hispanic immigrants. J Natl Med Assoc. 2005;97(7 Suppl):32S–7S.PubMed
42.
Apostolopoulos Y, Sonmez S, Kronenfeld J, Castillo E, McLendon L, Smith D. STI/HIV risks for Mexican migrant laborers: exploratory ethnographies. J Immigr Minor Health. 2006;8(3):291–302.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Desmond N, Allen CF, Clift S, Justine B, Mzugu J, Plummer ML, Watson-Jones D, Ross DA. A typology of groups at risk of HIV/STI in a gold mining town in north-western Tanzania. Soc Sci Med. 2005;60:1739–49.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Lurie M, Harrison A, Wilkinson D, Karim SA, Setel PW, Chirwa WC, Preston-Whyte E. Circular migration and sexual networking in rural KwaZulu/Natal: implications for the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Health Transit Rev. 1997;7(suppl 3):15–24.
45.
Parrado EA, Flippen CA, McQuiston C. Use of commercial sex workers among Hispanic migrants in North Carolina: implications for the spread of HIV. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2004;36(4):150–6.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Béné C, Merten S. Women and fish-for-sex: transactional sex, HIV/AIDS and gender in African fisheries. World Develop. 2008;36(5):875–99.CrossRef
47.
Greene JM, Ennett ST, Ringwalt CL. Prevalence and correlates of survival sex among runaway and homeless youth. Am J Public Health. 1999;89(9):1406.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Hankins CA, Friedman SR, Zafar T, Strathdee SA. Transmission and prevention of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in war settings: implications for current and future armed conflicts. AIDS. 2002;16(17):2245–52.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Lockhart C. Kunyenga, “Real Sex,” and survival: assessing the risk of HIV infection among Urban street boys in Tanzania. Med Anthropol Q. 2002;16(3):294–311.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Silverman JG, Decker MR, Gupta J, Maheshwari A, Willis BM, Raj A. HIV prevalence and predictors of infection in sex-trafficked Nepalese girls and women. JAMA. 2007;298(5):536–42.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Busza J. Sex work and migration: the dangers of oversimplification: a case study of vietnamese women in Cambodia. Health Hum Rights. 2004;7(2):231–49.CrossRef
52.
Poudel P, Carryer J. Girl-trafficking, HIV/AIDS, and the position of women in Nepal. Gend Dev. 2000;8(2):74–9.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Tompkins M, Smith L, Jones K, Swindells S. HIV education needs among Sudanese immigrants and refugees in the midwestern United States. AIDS Behav. 2006;10(3):319–23.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Kang E, Rapkin BD, Springer C, Kim JH. The “Demon Plague” and access to care among Asian undocumented immigrants living with HIV disease in New York city. J Immigr Health. 2003;5(2):49–58.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Fakoya I, Reynolds R, Caswell G, Shiripinda I. Barriers to HIV testing for migrant black Africans in western Europe. HIV Med. 2008;9:23–5.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Burns FM, Imrie JY, Nazroo J, Johnson AM, Fenton KA. Why the(y) wait? Key informant understandings of factors contributing to late presentation and poor utilization of HIV health and social care services by African migrants in Britain. AIDS Care. 2007;19(1):102–8.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Hildebrandt N, McKenzie DJ, Esquivel G, Schargrodsky E. The effects of migration on child health in Mexico. Economía. 2005;6(1):257–89.CrossRef
58.
Spiegel PB. HIV/AIDS among conflict-affected and displaced populations: dispelling myths and taking action. Disasters. 2004;28(3):322–39.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Connell J. Status or subjugation? Women, migration and development in the South Pacific. Int Migr Rev. 1984;18(4):964–83.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Foner N. Benefits and burdens: immigrant women and work in New York city. Gender Issues. 1998;16(4):5–24.CrossRef
61.
Mundandi C, Vissers D, Voeten H, Habbema D, Gregson S. No difference in HIV incidence and sexual behaviour between out migrants and residents in rural Manicaland, Zimbabwe. Trop Med Int Health. 2006;11(5):705–11.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Pew Hispanic Center. A portrait of unauthorized immigrants in the United States. (2009).
63.
64.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. United Nations convention against transnational organized crime and the protocols thereto. Vienna. Report No. No. E/CN. 15/2004/5 (2004).
65.
Bortman M, Saenz L, Pimenta I, Isern C, Rodríguez A, Miranda M, et al. Reducing HIV/AIDS vulnerability in Central America. Nicaragua: HIV/AIDS situation and response to the epidemic. Washington: The World Bank; 2006.
66.
US State Department. Trafficking in persons report. (2009).
67.
Shirk D, Webber A. Slavery without borders: human trafficking in the US-Mexican context. Hemisphere Focus 2004; 11(5):1–5.
68.
US Department of Homeland Security. 2008 year book of immigration statistics. Washington: Office of Immigration Statistics; (2009).
69.
70.
Langberg L. A review of recent OAS research on human trafficking in the Latin American and Caribbean region. Int Migr. 2005;43(1–2):129–39.CrossRef
71.
Loff B, Sanghera J. Distortions and difficulties in data for trafficking. Lancet. 2004;363(9408):566.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Brouwer K, Strathdee S, Magis-Rodriguez C, Bravo-Garcia E, Gayet C, Patterson TL, et al. Estimated numbers of men and women infected with HIV/AIDS in Tijuana, Mexico. J Urban Health. 2006;83(2):299–307.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Strathdee SA, Lozada R, Semple SJ, Orozovich P, Pu M, Staines-Orozco H, et al. Characteristics of female sex workers with US clients in two Mexico-US border cities. Sex Transm Dis. 2008;35(3):263–8.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Goldenberg S, Gallardo Cruz M, Strathdee S, Nguyen L, Semple S, Patterson T. Correlates of unprotected sex with female sex workers among male clients in Tijuana, Mexico. Sex Transm Dis. 2010;37(5):319.PubMed
75.
Strathdee SA, Lozada R, Pollini RA, Brouwer KC, Mantsios A, Abramovitz DA, et al. Individual, social, and environmental influences associated with HIV infection among injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;47(3):369–76.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Kane SC. Prostitution and the military: planning AIDS intervention in Belize. Soc Sci Med. 1993;36(7):965–79.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Chant S. Gender, migration and urban development in Costa Rica: the case of Guanacaste. Geoforum. 1991;22(3):237–53.PubMedCrossRef
78.
79.
Marcelli EA, Cornelius WA. The changing profile of Mexican migrants to the United States: new evidence from California and Mexico. Lat Am Res Rev. 2001;36(3):105–31.
80.
Kessler K, Goldenberg S, Quezada L. Contraceptive use, Unmet need for contraception, and unintended pregnancy in a context of Mexico-US migration. Field Actions Sci Rep. 2010; (Special Issue 2):1–6.
81.
Van Hightower NR, Gorton J, De Moss CL. Predictive models of domestic violence and fear of intimate partners among migrant and seasonal farm worker women. J Fam Viol. 2000;15(2):137–54.CrossRef
82.
Guendelman S, Samuels S, Ramirez M. Women who quit maquiladora work on the US-Mexico border: assessing health, occupation, and social dimensions in two transnational electronics plants. Am J Ind Med. 1998;33(5):501–9.PubMedCrossRef
83.
Fernández MI, Collazo JB, Hernández N, Bowen GS, Varga LM, Vila CK, et al. Predictors of HIV risk among Hispanic farm workers in South Florida: women are at higher risk than men. AIDS Behav. 2004;8(2):165–74.PubMedCrossRef
84.
Cornelius W, Fitzgerald D, Fischer P, Fernández-Casanueva C. Mayan Journeys the new migration from Yucatán to the United States. La Jolla: Lynne Rienner Publishers for the Center for Comparative Immigration Studies, University of California, San Diego; 2007.
85.
Cornelius W, Fitzgerald D, Hernández-Díaz J, Borger S, Fisher P, McBeath J, et al. Migration from the Mexican Mixteca: a transnational community in Oaxaca and California. La Jolla: Lynne Rienner Publishers for the Center for Comparative Immigration Studies, University of California, San Diego; 2009.
86.
Bortman M, Saenz L, Pimenta I, Isern C, Rodríguez A, Miranda M, et al. Reducing HIV/AIDS vulnerability in Central America. Panama: HIV/AIDS situation and response to the epidemic. Washington: The World Bank; 2006.
87.
Bortman M, Saenz L, Pimenta I, Isern C, Rodríguez A, Miranda M, et al. Reducing HIV/AIDS vulnerability in Central America. Guatemala: HIV/AIDS situation and response to the epidemic. Washington: The World Bank; 2006.
88.
Cornelius W, Fitzgerald D, Borger S, Baregu M, Landsberg C, Tulchin J, et al. Four generations of norteños: new research from the cradle of Mexican migration. Lat Stud. 2010;8:129–31.CrossRef
89.
Pew Hispanic Center. Mexican immigrants in the United States, 2008. Pew Hispanic Center; (2009).
90.
Passel J. Mexican immigration to the US: the latest estimates. Migration Information Source; (2004).
91.
US Department of Transportation. Border crossings: US-Mexico border crossing data; (2009).
92.
US State Department. Trafficking in persons report. (2010).
93.
Bortman M, Saenz L, Pimenta I, Isern C, Rodríguez A, Miranda M, et al. Reducing HIV/AIDS vulnerability in Central America. El Salvador: HIV/AIDS situation and response to the epidemic. Washington: The World Bank; 2006.
94.
Goldsmith MR, Bankhead CR, Austoker J. Synthesising quantitative and qualitative research in evidence-based patient information. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61(3):262.PubMedCrossRef
95.
Thomas J, Harden A, Oakley A, Oliver S, Sutcliffe K, Rees R, et al. Integrating qualitative research with trials in systematic reviews. BMJ. 2004;328(7446):1010–2.PubMedCrossRef
96.
Magis-Rodriguez C, Lemp G, Hernandez MT, Sanchez MA, Estrada F, Bravo-Garcia E. Going North: Mexican migrants and their vulnerability to HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;51(Suppl 1):S21–5.PubMed
97.
Magis-Rodriguez C, Gayet C, Negroni M, Leyva R, Bravo-Garcia E, Uribe P, et al. Migration and AIDS in Mexico: an overview based on recent evidence. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004;37(Suppl 4):S215–26.PubMed
98.
Bastos FI, Caceres C, Galvao J, Veras MA, Castilho EA. AIDS in Latin America: assessing the current status of the epidemic and the ongoing response. Int J Epidemiol. 2008;37(4):729–37.PubMed
99.
100.
Bortman M, Saenz L, Pimenta I, Isern C, Rodríguez A, Miranda M, et al. Reducing HIV/AIDS vulnerability in Central America. Honduras: HIV/AIDS situation and response to the epidemic. Washington: The World Bank; 2006.
101.
CENSIDA. Panorama Epidemiológico del VIH/AIDS e ITS en México. (2007).
102.
Viani RM, Araneta MR, Ruiz-Calderon J, Hubbard P, Lopez G, Chacon-Cruz E, et al. Migration and risk factors for HIV acquisition in pregnant women in Baja California, Mexico. J Int AIDS Soc. 2005;7(2):69.PubMedCrossRef
103.
Fosados R, Caballero-Hoyos R, Torres-López T, Valente T. Condom use and migration in a sample of Mexican migrants: potential for HIV/STI transmission. Salud Pública Méx. 2006;48:57–61.PubMedCrossRef
104.
Bronfman M, Flores R, Negroni M. Movilidad poblacional y VIH/sida. Contextos de vulnerabilidad en México y Centroamérica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; (2004).
105.
Infante C, Aggleton P, Pridmore P. Forms and determinants of migration and HIV/AIDS-related stigma on the Mexican-Guatemalan border. Qual Health Res. 2009;19(12):1656–68.PubMedCrossRef
106.
Uribe-Salas F, Conde-Glez CJ, Juarez-Figueroa L, Hernandez-Castellanos A. Sociodemographic dynamics and sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers at the Mexican-Guatemalan border. Sex Transm Dis. 2003;30(3):266–71.PubMedCrossRef
107.
Dreser A, Caballero M, Leyva R, Cuadra SM, Kageyama ML, Bronfman M. Mobility, sex workers and HIV/AIDS: the vulnerability of migrant sex workers in Central America and Mexico. abstract no. E11624. Int Conf AIDS 7–12; Barcelona; (2002).
108.
Rangel-Gomez G, Uribe-Salas F, Strathdee SA, Patterson TL, Rosen P, Brouwer KC. Risk behaviors and environmental conditions of female sex workers at major transportation corridors along Mexico’s northern and southern border. La Jolla, CA: UC San Diego CFAR Fourth Annual International HIV/AIDS Research Day; 2010.
109.
Soto RJ, Ghee AE, Nuñez CA, Mayorga R, Tapia KA, Astete SG, et al. Sentinel surveillance of sexually transmitted infections/HIV and risk behaviors in vulnerable populations in 5 Central American Countries. JAIDS J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr. 2007;46(1):101–11. doi:10.​1097/​QAI.​0b013e318141f913​.
110.
Villalobos LB, Chamizo Garcia H, Piedra Gonzalez M, Mora Vargas S. Costa Rica: La Cruz-Penas Blancas Guanacaste. In: Bronfman M, Flores R, Negroni M, editors. Movilidad poblacional y VIH/sida. Contextos de vulnerabilidad en México y Centroamérica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; (2004). p. 81–116.
111.
Ragsdale K, Anders JT, Philippakos E. Migrant Latinas and brothel sex work in Belize: sexual agency and sexual risk. J Cult Divers. 2007;14(1):26–34.PubMed
112.
Ojeda VD, Strathdee SA, Lozada R, Rusch ML, Fraga M, Orozovich P, et al. Associations between migrant status and sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico. Sex Transm Infect. 2009;85(6):420–6.PubMedCrossRef
113.
Brouwer K, Lozada R, Cornelius W, Firestone Cruz M, Magis-Rodríguez C, Zúñiga de Nuncio M, et al. Deportation along the US—Mexico border: its relation to drug use patterns and accessing care. J Immigr Minor Health. 2009;11(1):1–6. doi:10.​1007/​s10903-008-9119-5.PubMedCrossRef
114.
Strathdee SA, Lozada R, Ojeda VD, Pollini RA, Brouwer KC, Vera A, et al. Differential effects of migration and deportation on HIV infection among male and female injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico. PLoS One. 2008;3(7):e2690.PubMedCrossRef
115.
Paz-Bailey G, Morales-Miranda S, Jacobson JO, Gupta SK, Sabin K, Mendoza S, et al. High rates of STD and sexual risk behaviors among Garifunas in Honduras. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;51:S26–34. doi:10.​1097/​QAI.​0b013e3181a2647b​.CrossRef
116.
Stansbury JP, Sierra M. Risks, stigma and Honduran Garifuna conceptions of HIV/AIDS. Soc Sci Med. 2004;59(3):457–71.PubMedCrossRef
117.
Bortman M, Saenz L, Pimenta I, Isern C, Rodríguez A, Miranda M, et al. Reducing HIV/AIDS vulnerability in Central America. Costa Rica: HIV/AIDS situation and response to the epidemic. Washington: The World Bank; 2006.
118.
Goldenberg S, Strathdee S, Gallardo M, Patterson T. “People here are alone, using drugs, selling their body”: deportation and HIV vulnerability among clients of female sex workers in Tijuana. Field Actions Sci Rep. 2010; (Special Issue 2):1–7.
119.
Sowell RL, Holtz CS, Velasquez G. HIV infection returning to Mexico with migrant workers: an exploratory study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2008;19(4):267–82.PubMedCrossRef
120.
Orellana E, Caballero M, Dreser A. El Salvador-Guatemala: corredor interfronterizo santa ana-jutiapa. In: Bronfman M, Flores R, Negroni M, editors. Movilidad poblacional y VIH/sida. Contextos de vulnerabilidad en México y Centroamérica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; 2004. p. 117–46.
121.
Bronfman MN, Leyva R, Negroni MJ, Rueda CM. Mobile populations and HIV/AIDS in Central America and Mexico: research for action. AIDS. 2002;16:S42–9.PubMedCrossRef
122.
Hernandez-Rosete D, Garcia OM, Bernal E, Castaneda X, Lemp G. Migration and ruralization of AIDS: reports on vulnerability of indigenous communities in Mexico. Rev Saude Publica. 2008;42(1):131–8.PubMedCrossRef
123.
Kendall T, Pelcastre BE. HIV vulnerability and condom use among migrant women factory workers in Puebla, Mexico. Health Care Women Int. 2010;31(6):515–32.PubMedCrossRef
124.
Bronfman M, Leyva R, Negroni MJ. HIV Prevention among truck drivers on Mexico’s southern border. Cult Health Sex. 2002;4(4):475–88.CrossRef
125.
Caballero M, Dreser A, Leyva R, Rueda C, Bronfman M, editors. Migration, gender and HIV/AIDS in Central America and Mexico; 2002.
126.
Cuadra SM, Leyva R, Hernández-Rosete D, Bronfman MN. The regulation of STI/HIV/AIDS control among sex workers along the Southern border of Mexico. Abstract no. WePeG6919. Int Conf AIDS 7–12; Barcelona; 2002.
127.
Porras C, Sabido M, Fernandez-Davila P, Fernandez VH, Batres A, Casabona J. Reproductive health and healthcare among sex workers in Escuintla, Guatemala. Cult Health Sex. 2008;10(5):529–38.PubMedCrossRef
128.
Leyva R, Segovia LAV, Ortiz N, Hernández L, Gutiérrez C, Rocio L, et al. Evaluación de resultados de las intervenciones de prevención del VIH/SIDA e ITS en grupos móviles en Centroamérica: jóvenes, y mujeres en situación de trabajo sexual. Apoyado por el Fondo Mundial para la lucha contra el SIDA, Tuberculosis y Malaria; (2009).
129.
Infante Xibille C, Flores R, Garcia M, Guerrero C, Cuadra S, Bronfman M. VIH/SIDA y rechazo a migrantes en contextos fronterizos. Migración y desarrollo. (2004); Segundo semestre (003):45–53.
130.
Sirotin N, Strathdee SA, Lozada R, Nguyen L, Gallardo M, Vera A, et al. A comparison of registered and unregistered female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico. Public Health Rep. 2010;125(Suppl 4):101–9.PubMed
131.
Sabido M, Giardina F, Hernandez G, Fernandez VH, Monzon JE, Ortiz R, et al. The UALE Project: decline in the incidence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections and increase in the use of condoms among sex workers in Guatemala. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;51(Suppl 1):S35–41.PubMed
132.
Maier E. Educación para la prevención del VIH-SIDA para inmigrantes indígenas en Baja California. Región y Sociedad. 2007;19:40.
133.
Bronfman M, Leyva R, Negroni M, Herrera C. El sida en las fronteras. In: Alarcón-Segovia D, Rosales SP, editors. El SIDA en México: veinte años de la epidemia. México: El Colegio Nacional; (2003). p. 169–201.
134.
135.
Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005;8(1):19–32.CrossRef
136.
Organista KC, Carrillo H, Ayala G. HIV Prevention with Mexican migrants: review, critique, and recommendations. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defici Syndr. 2004;37:S227–39.CrossRef
137.
138.
Frohlich KL, Potvin L. The inequality paradox: the population approach and vulnerable populations. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(2):216–21.PubMedCrossRef
139.
García A. Is health promotion relevant across cultures and the socioeconomic spectrum? Fam Community Health. 2006;29(1):20S.PubMed
140.
Coates TJ, Richter L, Caceres C. HIV prevention 3—behavioural strategies to reduce HIV transmission: how to make them work better. Lancet. 2008;372(9639):669–84.PubMedCrossRef
141.
Leyva-Flores R, Caballero-Garcia M, Dreser A, Guerrero C, Bronfman M. Respuesta social a la migración y SIDA en ciudades gemelas de la frontera México-Guatemala. Migración y Desarrollo. 2004;(003):54–9.
Metadata
Title
Mobility and HIV in Central America and Mexico: A critical review
Authors
Shira M. Goldenberg
Steffanie A. Strathdee
Maria D. Perez-Rosales
Omar Sued
Publication date
01-02-2012
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health / Issue 1/2012
Print ISSN: 1557-1912
Electronic ISSN: 1557-1920
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-011-9505-2

Other articles of this Issue 1/2012

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 1/2012 Go to the issue

Original Paper

Differences in Sexual Risk Behavior and HIV/AIDS Risk Factors Among Foreign-Born and US-Born Hispanic Women

Original Paper

Factors Associated with Hepatitis B Testing Among Cambodian American Men and Women

Brief Communication

Information Channels Associated with Awareness of Human Papillomavirus Infections and Vaccination among Latino Immigrants from Safety Net Clinics

Original Paper

HIV Testing Behaviors Among Undocumented Central American Immigrant Women in Houston, Texas

Original Paper

Epidemiology of Respiratory Infections Caused by Atypical Bacteria in Two Kenyan Refugee Camps

Original Paper

Foreign Born Status and HIV/AIDS: A Comparative Analysis of HIV/AIDS Characteristics Among Foreign and U.S. Born Individuals