Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies 2/2012

01-06-2012 | Original Paper

Problem Gambling of Chinese College Students: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Authors: Anise M. S. Wu, Catherine So-kum Tang

Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies | Issue 2/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

The present study, using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), investigated psychological correlates of intention to gamble and problem gambling among Chinese college students. Nine hundred and thirty two Chinese college students (aged from 18 to 25 years) in Hong Kong and Macao were surveyed. The findings generally support the efficacy of the TPB in explaining gambling intention and problems among Chinese college students. Specifically, the results of the path analysis indicate gambling intention and perceived control over gambling as the most proximal predictors of problem gambling, whereas attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control, which are TPB components, influence gambling intention. Thus, these three TPB components should make up the core contents of the prevention and intervention efforts against problem gambling for Chinese college students.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
go back to reference Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decisional Process, 50, 179–211.CrossRef Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decisional Process, 50, 179–211.CrossRef
go back to reference Ajzen, I., & Albarracin, D. (2007). Predicting and changing behavior: A reasoned action approach. In I. Ajzen, D. Albarracin, & R. Hornik (Eds.), Prediction and change of health behavior: Applying the reasoned action approach (pp. 3–21). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Ajzen, I., & Albarracin, D. (2007). Predicting and changing behavior: A reasoned action approach. In I. Ajzen, D. Albarracin, & R. Hornik (Eds.), Prediction and change of health behavior: Applying the reasoned action approach (pp. 3–21). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
go back to reference Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). The theory of planned behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). The theory of planned behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
go back to reference Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 471–499.PubMedCrossRef Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 471–499.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Blaszczynski, A., Huynh, S., Dumlao, V. J., & Farrell, L. (1998). Problem gambling within a Chinese speaking community. Journal of Gambling Studies, 14, 359–380.PubMedCrossRef Blaszczynski, A., Huynh, S., Dumlao, V. J., & Farrell, L. (1998). Problem gambling within a Chinese speaking community. Journal of Gambling Studies, 14, 359–380.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Blaszczynski, A., & Nower, L. (2002). A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling. Addiction, 97, 487–499.PubMedCrossRef Blaszczynski, A., & Nower, L. (2002). A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling. Addiction, 97, 487–499.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Blinn-Pike, L., Worthy, L. S., & Jonkman, J. (2007). Disordered gambling among college students: A meta-analytic synthesis. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23, 175–183.PubMedCrossRef Blinn-Pike, L., Worthy, L. S., & Jonkman, J. (2007). Disordered gambling among college students: A meta-analytic synthesis. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23, 175–183.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Casey, L. M., Oei, T. P. S., Melville, M. K., Bourke, E., & Newcombe, P. A. (2008). Measuring self-efficacy in gambling: The gambling refusal self-efficacy questionnaire. Journal Gambling Studies, 24, 229–246.CrossRef Casey, L. M., Oei, T. P. S., Melville, M. K., Bourke, E., & Newcombe, P. A. (2008). Measuring self-efficacy in gambling: The gambling refusal self-efficacy questionnaire. Journal Gambling Studies, 24, 229–246.CrossRef
go back to reference Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2010). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. New York: Psychology Press. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2010). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. New York: Psychology Press.
go back to reference Fong, D. K. C., & Ozorio, B. (2005). Gambling participation and prevalence estimates of pathological gambling in a far-east gambling city: Macau. UNLV Gaming Research Review Journal, 9, 15–28. Fong, D. K. C., & Ozorio, B. (2005). Gambling participation and prevalence estimates of pathological gambling in a far-east gambling city: Macau. UNLV Gaming Research Review Journal, 9, 15–28.
go back to reference Francis, J., Eccles, M., Johnston, M., Walker, A., Grimshaw, J., Foy, R., Kaner, E., Smith, L., Bonetti, D. (2004) Constructing questionnaires based on the theory of planned behaviour: A manual for health services researchers. Report to ReBEQI: Research Based Education and Quality Improvement. Francis, J., Eccles, M., Johnston, M., Walker, A., Grimshaw, J., Foy, R., Kaner, E., Smith, L., Bonetti, D. (2004) Constructing questionnaires based on the theory of planned behaviour: A manual for health services researchers. Report to ReBEQI: Research Based Education and Quality Improvement.
go back to reference Griffiths, M. D., & Delfabbro, P. (2001). The biopsychosocial approach to gambling: Contextual factors in research and clinical interventions. E-Gambling, 5, 1–33. Griffiths, M. D., & Delfabbro, P. (2001). The biopsychosocial approach to gambling: Contextual factors in research and clinical interventions. E-Gambling, 5, 1–33.
go back to reference Kessler, R. C., Hwang, I., LaBrie, R. A., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Winters, K. C., et al. (2008). DSM-IV pathological gambling in the national comorbidity survey replication. Psychological Medicine, 38(9), 1351–1360.PubMedCrossRef Kessler, R. C., Hwang, I., LaBrie, R. A., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Winters, K. C., et al. (2008). DSM-IV pathological gambling in the national comorbidity survey replication. Psychological Medicine, 38(9), 1351–1360.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press. Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Lesieur, H. R., & Blume, S. B. (1987). The South Oaks gambling screen (SOGS): A new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 1184–1188.PubMed Lesieur, H. R., & Blume, S. B. (1987). The South Oaks gambling screen (SOGS): A new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 1184–1188.PubMed
go back to reference Loo, J. M. Y., Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. S. (2008). Gambling among the Chinese: A comprehensive review. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 1152–1166.PubMedCrossRef Loo, J. M. Y., Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. S. (2008). Gambling among the Chinese: A comprehensive review. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 1152–1166.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Martin, R. J., Usdan, S., Nelson, S., Umstattd, M. R., LaPlante, D., Perko, M., et al. (2010). Using the theory of planned behavior to predict gambling behavior. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 24, 89–97.PubMedCrossRef Martin, R. J., Usdan, S., Nelson, S., Umstattd, M. R., LaPlante, D., Perko, M., et al. (2010). Using the theory of planned behavior to predict gambling behavior. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 24, 89–97.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference May, R. K., Whelan, J. P., Steenbergh, T. A., & Meyers, A. W. (2003). The gambling self-efficacy questionnaire: An initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Gambling Studies, 19, 339–356.PubMedCrossRef May, R. K., Whelan, J. P., Steenbergh, T. A., & Meyers, A. W. (2003). The gambling self-efficacy questionnaire: An initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Gambling Studies, 19, 339–356.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Moore, S. M., & Ohtsuka, K. (1999). The prediction of gambling behavior and problem gambling from attitudes and perceived norms. Social Behavior and Personality, 27, 455–466.CrossRef Moore, S. M., & Ohtsuka, K. (1999). The prediction of gambling behavior and problem gambling from attitudes and perceived norms. Social Behavior and Personality, 27, 455–466.CrossRef
go back to reference Neighbors, C., Lostutter, T. W., Larimer, M. E., & Takushi, R. Y. (2002). Meauring gambling outcomes among college students. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18, 339–360.PubMedCrossRef Neighbors, C., Lostutter, T. W., Larimer, M. E., & Takushi, R. Y. (2002). Meauring gambling outcomes among college students. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18, 339–360.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Neighbors, C., Lostutter, T., Whiterside, U., Fossos, N., Walker, D., & Larimer, M. (2007). Injunctive norms and problem gambling among college students. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23, 259–273.PubMedCrossRef Neighbors, C., Lostutter, T., Whiterside, U., Fossos, N., Walker, D., & Larimer, M. (2007). Injunctive norms and problem gambling among college students. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23, 259–273.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Oei, T. P. S., Lin, C. D., & Raylu, N. (2008). The relationship between gambling cognitions, psychological states, and gambling: A cross-cultural study of Chinese and Caucasians in Australia. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 147–161.CrossRef Oei, T. P. S., Lin, C. D., & Raylu, N. (2008). The relationship between gambling cognitions, psychological states, and gambling: A cross-cultural study of Chinese and Caucasians in Australia. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 147–161.CrossRef
go back to reference Oei, T. P. S., & Raylu, N. (2010). Gambling behaviors and motivations: A cross-cultural study of Chinese and Caucasians in Australia. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 56, 23–34.PubMedCrossRef Oei, T. P. S., & Raylu, N. (2010). Gambling behaviors and motivations: A cross-cultural study of Chinese and Caucasians in Australia. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 56, 23–34.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. S. (2002). Pathological gambling: A comprehensive review. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 1009–1061.PubMedCrossRef Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. S. (2002). Pathological gambling: A comprehensive review. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 1009–1061.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. S. (2004a). Role of culture in gambling and problem gambling. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 1087–1114.PubMedCrossRef Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. S. (2004a). Role of culture in gambling and problem gambling. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 1087–1114.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. S. (2004b). The gambling related cognitions scale (GRCS): Development, confirmatory factor validation and psychometric properties. Addiction, 99, 757–769.PubMedCrossRef Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. S. (2004b). The gambling related cognitions scale (GRCS): Development, confirmatory factor validation and psychometric properties. Addiction, 99, 757–769.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1993). Measurement of perceived self-efficacy: Psychometric scales for cross-cultural research. Berlin: Freie Universitat. Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1993). Measurement of perceived self-efficacy: Psychometric scales for cross-cultural research. Berlin: Freie Universitat.
go back to reference Scull, S., & Woolcock, G. (2005). Problem gambling in non-English speaking background communities in Queensland, Australia: A qualitative exploration. International Gambling Studies, 5, 29–44.CrossRef Scull, S., & Woolcock, G. (2005). Problem gambling in non-English speaking background communities in Queensland, Australia: A qualitative exploration. International Gambling Studies, 5, 29–44.CrossRef
go back to reference Shaffer, H. J., & Hall, M. N. (2001). Updating and refining prevalence estimates of disordered gambling behaviour in the United States and Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 92, 168–172. Shaffer, H. J., & Hall, M. N. (2001). Updating and refining prevalence estimates of disordered gambling behaviour in the United States and Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 92, 168–172.
go back to reference Takushi, R. Y., Neighbors, C., Larimer, M. E., Lostutter, T. W., Cronce, J. M., & Marlatt, G. A. (2004). Indicated prevention of problem gambling among college students. Journal of Gambling Studies, 20, 83–93.PubMedCrossRef Takushi, R. Y., Neighbors, C., Larimer, M. E., Lostutter, T. W., Cronce, J. M., & Marlatt, G. A. (2004). Indicated prevention of problem gambling among college students. Journal of Gambling Studies, 20, 83–93.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Tang, C. S., Wu, A. M. S., Tang, J. Y. C., & Yan, E. C. W. (2010). Reliability, validity, and cut scores of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) for Chinese. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26, 145–158.PubMedCrossRef Tang, C. S., Wu, A. M. S., Tang, J. Y. C., & Yan, E. C. W. (2010). Reliability, validity, and cut scores of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) for Chinese. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26, 145–158.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Tao, V. Y. K., Wu, A. M. S., Cheung, S. F., & Tong, K. (2011). Development of an indigenous inventory GMAB (Gambling motives, attitudes and behaviors) for Chinese gamblers: An exploratory study. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27(1), 99–113.PubMedCrossRef Tao, V. Y. K., Wu, A. M. S., Cheung, S. F., & Tong, K. (2011). Development of an indigenous inventory GMAB (Gambling motives, attitudes and behaviors) for Chinese gamblers: An exploratory study. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27(1), 99–113.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Walker, G. J., Courneya, K. S., & Deng, J. Y. (2006). Ethnicity, gender, and the theory of planned behavior: The case of playing the lottery. Journal of Leisure Research, 38, 224–248. Walker, G. J., Courneya, K. S., & Deng, J. Y. (2006). Ethnicity, gender, and the theory of planned behavior: The case of playing the lottery. Journal of Leisure Research, 38, 224–248.
go back to reference Wong, I. L. J., & So, E. M. T. (2003). Prevalence estimates of problem and pathological gambling in Hong Kong. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1353–1354.PubMedCrossRef Wong, I. L. J., & So, E. M. T. (2003). Prevalence estimates of problem and pathological gambling in Hong Kong. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1353–1354.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wu, A. M. S., & Wong, E. M. W. (2008). Disordered gambling among Chinese Casino employees. Journal of Gambling Studies, 24, 207–217.PubMedCrossRef Wu, A. M. S., & Wong, E. M. W. (2008). Disordered gambling among Chinese Casino employees. Journal of Gambling Studies, 24, 207–217.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Zhang, J. X., & Schwarzer, R. (1995). Measuring optimistic self-beliefs: A Chinese adaptation of the general self-efficacy scale. Psychologia, 38, 174–181. Zhang, J. X., & Schwarzer, R. (1995). Measuring optimistic self-beliefs: A Chinese adaptation of the general self-efficacy scale. Psychologia, 38, 174–181.
Metadata
Title
Problem Gambling of Chinese College Students: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors
Anise M. S. Wu
Catherine So-kum Tang
Publication date
01-06-2012
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Gambling Studies / Issue 2/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3602
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-011-9250-4

Other articles of this Issue 2/2012

Journal of Gambling Studies 2/2012 Go to the issue