Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Community Mental Health Journal 5/2016

01-07-2016 | Original Paper

Indo-Canadian Collaboration for Suicide Prevention: Training Needs Assessment for Healthcare Professionals in India

Authors: Ravi Shah, Rahel Eynan, Amresh Srivastava, Leanna Reiss, T. S. Sathyanarayana Rao, Shubhangi Parkar, Lakshman Dutt, Kranti Kadam, Paul S. Links

Published in: Community Mental Health Journal | Issue 5/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

The main purpose of the study was to conduct a comprehensive needs assessment of primary healthcare professionals in order to develop a training program aimed at enhancing competencies in suicide risk assessment and management. A total of 144 primary healthcare professionals (physicians = 46; primary care workers = 98) completed the needs assessment questionnaire. The majority of healthcare professionals rated their level of comfort and competence in assessing, treating, and referring suicidal patients as medium or high. However, their knowledge about suicide, risk factors for suicide, asking about suicidal behaviour, and helping a suicidal patient was rated low or medium. Overall, the scarcity of qualified healthcare professionals and the existing gaps in core competencies for suicide risk assessment and management was identified. Development of innovative and effective competencies-based suicide specific training for primary care providers in India is urgently required.
Literature
go back to reference Appleby, L., Shaw, J., Amos, T., McDonnell, R., Harris, C., McCann, K., et al. (1999). Suicide within 12 months of contact with mental health services: National clinical survey. BMJ, 318(7193), 1235–1239. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t].CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Appleby, L., Shaw, J., Amos, T., McDonnell, R., Harris, C., McCann, K., et al. (1999). Suicide within 12 months of contact with mental health services: National clinical survey. BMJ, 318(7193), 1235–1239. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t].CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Beautrais, A. L., Joyce, P. R., Mulder, R. T., Fergusson, D. M., Deavoll, B. J., & Nightingale, S. K. (1996). Prevalence and comorbidity of mental disorders in persons making serious suicide attempts: A case-control study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153(8), 1009–1014.CrossRefPubMed Beautrais, A. L., Joyce, P. R., Mulder, R. T., Fergusson, D. M., Deavoll, B. J., & Nightingale, S. K. (1996). Prevalence and comorbidity of mental disorders in persons making serious suicide attempts: A case-control study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153(8), 1009–1014.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bertolote, J. M., & Fleischmann, A. (2002). Suicide and psychiatric diagnosis: A worldwide perspective. World Psychiatry, 1(3), 181–185.PubMedPubMedCentral Bertolote, J. M., & Fleischmann, A. (2002). Suicide and psychiatric diagnosis: A worldwide perspective. World Psychiatry, 1(3), 181–185.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Brody, D. S., Thompson, T. L, 2nd, Larson, D. B., Ford, D. E., Katon, W. J., & Magruder, K. M. (1995). Recognizing and managing depression in primary care. General Hospital Psychiatry, 17(2), 93–107.CrossRefPubMed Brody, D. S., Thompson, T. L, 2nd, Larson, D. B., Ford, D. E., Katon, W. J., & Magruder, K. M. (1995). Recognizing and managing depression in primary care. General Hospital Psychiatry, 17(2), 93–107.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cheng, A. T. (1995). Mental illness and suicide. A case-control study in east Taiwan. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52(7), 594–603.CrossRefPubMed Cheng, A. T. (1995). Mental illness and suicide. A case-control study in east Taiwan. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52(7), 594–603.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dexter-Mazza, E. T., & Freeman, K. A. (2003). Graduate training and the treatment of suicidal clients: The students’ perspective. Suicide and Lifethreatening Behavior, 33(2), 211–218.CrossRef Dexter-Mazza, E. T., & Freeman, K. A. (2003). Graduate training and the treatment of suicidal clients: The students’ perspective. Suicide and Lifethreatening Behavior, 33(2), 211–218.CrossRef
go back to reference Didham, R., Dovey, S., & Reith, D. (2006). Characteristics of general practitioner consultations prior to suicide: A nested case-control study in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 119(1247), U2358.PubMed Didham, R., Dovey, S., & Reith, D. (2006). Characteristics of general practitioner consultations prior to suicide: A nested case-control study in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 119(1247), U2358.PubMed
go back to reference Ellis, T. E., Dickey, T. O, 3rd, & Jones, E. C. (1998). Patient suicide in psychiatry residency programs: A national survey of training and postvention practices. Academic Psychiatry, 22(3), 181–189.CrossRefPubMed Ellis, T. E., Dickey, T. O, 3rd, & Jones, E. C. (1998). Patient suicide in psychiatry residency programs: A national survey of training and postvention practices. Academic Psychiatry, 22(3), 181–189.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Eynan, R., Reiss, L., Links, P., Shah, R., Sathyanarayana Rao, T. S., Parkar, S., et al. (2015). Suicide prevention competencies among urban Indian physicians: A needs assessment (In press). Indian Journal of Psychiatry. Eynan, R., Reiss, L., Links, P., Shah, R., Sathyanarayana Rao, T. S., Parkar, S., et al. (2015). Suicide prevention competencies among urban Indian physicians: A needs assessment (In press). Indian Journal of Psychiatry.
go back to reference Feldman, M. D., Franks, P., Duberstein, P. R., Vannoy, S., Epstein, R., & Kravitz, R. L. (2007). Let’s not talk about it: Suicide inquiry in primary care. The Annals of Family Medicine, 5(5), 412–418.CrossRefPubMed Feldman, M. D., Franks, P., Duberstein, P. R., Vannoy, S., Epstein, R., & Kravitz, R. L. (2007). Let’s not talk about it: Suicide inquiry in primary care. The Annals of Family Medicine, 5(5), 412–418.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Gururaj, G., Isaac, M. K., Subbakrishna, D. K., & Ranjani, R. (2004). Risk factors for completed suicides: A case-control study from Bangalore, India. Injury control and safety promotion, 11(3), 183–191. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t].CrossRefPubMed Gururaj, G., Isaac, M. K., Subbakrishna, D. K., & Ranjani, R. (2004). Risk factors for completed suicides: A case-control study from Bangalore, India. Injury control and safety promotion, 11(3), 183–191. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t].CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Jacob, K. S. (2008). The prevention of suicide in India and the developing world: The need for population-based strategies. Crisis, 29(2), 102–106.CrossRefPubMed Jacob, K. S. (2008). The prevention of suicide in India and the developing world: The need for population-based strategies. Crisis, 29(2), 102–106.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Khan, F. A., Anand, B., Devi, M. G., & Murthy, K. K. (2005). Psychological autopsy of suicide-a cross-sectional study. Indian Journal Psychiatry, 47(2), 73–78.CrossRef Khan, F. A., Anand, B., Devi, M. G., & Murthy, K. K. (2005). Psychological autopsy of suicide-a cross-sectional study. Indian Journal Psychiatry, 47(2), 73–78.CrossRef
go back to reference Lesage, A. D., Boyer, R., Grunberg, F., Vanier, C., Morissette, R., Menard-Buteau, C., et al. (1994). Suicide and mental disorders: A case-control study of young men. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151(7), 1063–1068.CrossRefPubMed Lesage, A. D., Boyer, R., Grunberg, F., Vanier, C., Morissette, R., Menard-Buteau, C., et al. (1994). Suicide and mental disorders: A case-control study of young men. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151(7), 1063–1068.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Luoma, J. B., Martin, C. E., & Pearson, J. L. (2002). Contact with mental health and primary care providers before suicide: A review of the evidence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(6), 909–916.CrossRefPubMed Luoma, J. B., Martin, C. E., & Pearson, J. L. (2002). Contact with mental health and primary care providers before suicide: A review of the evidence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(6), 909–916.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Mann, J. J., Apter, A., Bertolote, J., Beautrais, A., Currier, D., Haas, A., et al. (2005). Suicide prevention strategies: A systematic review. JAMA, 294(16), 2064–2074. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t Review].CrossRefPubMed Mann, J. J., Apter, A., Bertolote, J., Beautrais, A., Currier, D., Haas, A., et al. (2005). Suicide prevention strategies: A systematic review. JAMA, 294(16), 2064–2074. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t Review].CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Manoranjitham, S., Charles, H., Saravanan, B., Jayakaran, R., Abraham, S., & Jacob, K. S. (2007). Perceptions about suicide: A qualitative study from southern India. The National medical journal of India, 20(4), 176–179.PubMed Manoranjitham, S., Charles, H., Saravanan, B., Jayakaran, R., Abraham, S., & Jacob, K. S. (2007). Perceptions about suicide: A qualitative study from southern India. The National medical journal of India, 20(4), 176–179.PubMed
go back to reference Manoranjitham, S. D., Rajkumar, A. P., Thangadurai, P., Prasad, J., Jayakaran, R., & Jacob, K. S. (2010). Risk factors for suicide in rural south India. British Journal of Psychiatry, 196(1), 26–30. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t].CrossRefPubMed Manoranjitham, S. D., Rajkumar, A. P., Thangadurai, P., Prasad, J., Jayakaran, R., & Jacob, K. S. (2010). Risk factors for suicide in rural south India. British Journal of Psychiatry, 196(1), 26–30. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t].CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Nutting, P. A., Dickinson, L. M., Rubenstein, L. V., Keeley, R. D., Smith, J. L., & Elliott, C. E. (2005). Improving detection of suicidal ideation among depressed patients in primary care. The Annals of Family Medicine, 3(6), 529–536.CrossRefPubMed Nutting, P. A., Dickinson, L. M., Rubenstein, L. V., Keeley, R. D., Smith, J. L., & Elliott, C. E. (2005). Improving detection of suicidal ideation among depressed patients in primary care. The Annals of Family Medicine, 3(6), 529–536.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Pandve, H., & Pandve, T. (2013). Primary healthcare system in India: Evolution and challenges. International Journal of Health System and Disaster Management, 1(3), 125–128.CrossRef Pandve, H., & Pandve, T. (2013). Primary healthcare system in India: Evolution and challenges. International Journal of Health System and Disaster Management, 1(3), 125–128.CrossRef
go back to reference Phillips, M. R., Yang, G., Zhang, Y., Wang, L., Ji, H., & Zhou, M. (2002). Risk factors for suicide in China: A national case-control psychological autopsy study. Lancet, 360(9347), 1728–1736.CrossRefPubMed Phillips, M. R., Yang, G., Zhang, Y., Wang, L., Ji, H., & Zhou, M. (2002). Risk factors for suicide in China: A national case-control psychological autopsy study. Lancet, 360(9347), 1728–1736.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Pignone, M. P., Gaynes, B. N., Rushton, J. L., Burchell, C. M., Orleans, C. T., Mulrow, C. D., et al. (2002). Screening for depression in adults: A summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine, 136(10), 765–776.CrossRefPubMed Pignone, M. P., Gaynes, B. N., Rushton, J. L., Burchell, C. M., Orleans, C. T., Mulrow, C. D., et al. (2002). Screening for depression in adults: A summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine, 136(10), 765–776.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Pirkis, J., & Burgess, P. (1998). Suicide and recency of health care contacts. A systematic review. The British Journal Psychiatry, 173, 462–474.CrossRef Pirkis, J., & Burgess, P. (1998). Suicide and recency of health care contacts. A systematic review. The British Journal Psychiatry, 173, 462–474.CrossRef
go back to reference Pirkis, J., Burgess, P., & Jolley, D. (2002). Suicide among psychiatric patients: A case-control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36(1), 86–91.CrossRefPubMed Pirkis, J., Burgess, P., & Jolley, D. (2002). Suicide among psychiatric patients: A case-control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36(1), 86–91.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Prasad, J., Abraham, V. J., Minz, S., Abraham, S., Joseph, A., Muliyil, J. P., et al. (2006). Rates and factors associated with suicide in Kaniyambadi Block, Tamil Nadu, South India, 2000–2002. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 52(1), 65–71.CrossRefPubMed Prasad, J., Abraham, V. J., Minz, S., Abraham, S., Joseph, A., Muliyil, J. P., et al. (2006). Rates and factors associated with suicide in Kaniyambadi Block, Tamil Nadu, South India, 2000–2002. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 52(1), 65–71.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Schmitz, W. M, Jr, Allen, M. H., Feldman, B. N., Gutin, N. J., Jahn, D. R., Kleespies, P. M., et al. (2012). Preventing suicide through improved training in suicide risk assessment and care: An American association of suicidology task force report addressing serious gaps in U.S. mental health training. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 42(3), 292–304.CrossRefPubMed Schmitz, W. M, Jr, Allen, M. H., Feldman, B. N., Gutin, N. J., Jahn, D. R., Kleespies, P. M., et al. (2012). Preventing suicide through improved training in suicide risk assessment and care: An American association of suicidology task force report addressing serious gaps in U.S. mental health training. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 42(3), 292–304.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Schulberg, H. C., Bruce, M. L., Lee, P. W., Williams, J. W, Jr, & Dietrich, A. J. (2004). Preventing suicide in primary care patients: The primary care physician’s role. General Hospital Psychiatry, 26(5), 337–345.CrossRefPubMed Schulberg, H. C., Bruce, M. L., Lee, P. W., Williams, J. W, Jr, & Dietrich, A. J. (2004). Preventing suicide in primary care patients: The primary care physician’s role. General Hospital Psychiatry, 26(5), 337–345.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Sinha, S. K., & Kaur, J. (2011). National mental health programme: Manpower development scheme of eleventh five-year plan. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 53(3), 261–265.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sinha, S. K., & Kaur, J. (2011). National mental health programme: Manpower development scheme of eleventh five-year plan. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 53(3), 261–265.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Srivastava, A. (2013). Psychological attributes and socio-demographic profile of hundred completed suicide victims in the state of Goa, India. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(3), 268–272.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Srivastava, A. (2013). Psychological attributes and socio-demographic profile of hundred completed suicide victims in the state of Goa, India. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(3), 268–272.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Sudak, D., Roy, A., Sudak, H., Lipschitz, A., Maltsberger, J., & Hendin, H. (2007). Deficiencies in suicide training in primary care specialties: A survey of training directors. Academic Psychiatry, 31(5), 345–349.CrossRefPubMed Sudak, D., Roy, A., Sudak, H., Lipschitz, A., Maltsberger, J., & Hendin, H. (2007). Deficiencies in suicide training in primary care specialties: A survey of training directors. Academic Psychiatry, 31(5), 345–349.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Taliaferro, L. A., & Borowsky, I. W. (2011). Perspective: Physician education: A promising strategy to prevent adolescent suicide. Academic Medicine, 86(3), 342–347.CrossRefPubMed Taliaferro, L. A., & Borowsky, I. W. (2011). Perspective: Physician education: A promising strategy to prevent adolescent suicide. Academic Medicine, 86(3), 342–347.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Tierney, R. J. (1994). Suicide intervention training evaluation: A preliminary report. Crisis, 15(2), 69–76.PubMed Tierney, R. J. (1994). Suicide intervention training evaluation: A preliminary report. Crisis, 15(2), 69–76.PubMed
go back to reference Vijayakumar, L. (2004). Suicide prevention: The urgent need in developing countries. World Psychiatry, 3(3), 158–159.PubMedPubMedCentral Vijayakumar, L. (2004). Suicide prevention: The urgent need in developing countries. World Psychiatry, 3(3), 158–159.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Williams, J. W, Jr, Rost, K., Dietrich, A. J., Ciotti, M. C., Zyzanski, S. J., & Cornell, J. (1999). Primary care physicians’ approach to depressive disorders. Effects of physician specialty and practice structure. Archives of Family Medicine, 8(1), 58–67.CrossRefPubMed Williams, J. W, Jr, Rost, K., Dietrich, A. J., Ciotti, M. C., Zyzanski, S. J., & Cornell, J. (1999). Primary care physicians’ approach to depressive disorders. Effects of physician specialty and practice structure. Archives of Family Medicine, 8(1), 58–67.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Indo-Canadian Collaboration for Suicide Prevention: Training Needs Assessment for Healthcare Professionals in India
Authors
Ravi Shah
Rahel Eynan
Amresh Srivastava
Leanna Reiss
T. S. Sathyanarayana Rao
Shubhangi Parkar
Lakshman Dutt
Kranti Kadam
Paul S. Links
Publication date
01-07-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Community Mental Health Journal / Issue 5/2016
Print ISSN: 0010-3853
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2789
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-015-9895-z

Other articles of this Issue 5/2016

Community Mental Health Journal 5/2016 Go to the issue