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Cancer Causes & Control
Published in: Cancer Causes & Control 4/2011

01-04-2011 | Original paper

Reproductive and menstrual factors and mammographic density in African American, Caribbean, and white women

Authors: Parisa Tehranifar, Diane Reynolds, Julie Flom, Loralee Fulton, Yuyan Liao, Elizabeth Kudadjie-Gyamfi, Mary Beth Terry

Published in: Cancer Causes & Control | Issue 4/2011

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Abstract

Objective

We investigated the associations between reproductive and menstrual risk factors for breast cancer and mammographic density, a strong risk factor for breast cancer, in a predominantly ethnic minority and immigrant sample.

Methods

We interviewed women (42% African American, 22% African Caribbean, 22% White, 9% Hispanic Caribbean, 5% other) without a history of breast cancer during their mammography appointment (n = 191, mean age = 50). We used a computer-assisted method to measure the area and percentage of dense breast tissue from cranio-caudal mammograms. We used multivariable linear regression analyses to estimate the associations between reproductive and menstrual risk factors and mammographic density.

Results

Age was inversely associated with percent density and dense area, and body mass index (BMI) was inversely associated with percent density. Adjusting for age, BMI, ethnicity and menopausal status, later age at menarche (e.g., β = −7.37, 95% CI: −12.29, −2.46 for age ≥13 years vs. ≤11 years), and any use of hormonal birth control (HBC) methods (β = −5.10, 95% CI: −9.37, −0.84) were associated with reduced dense area. Ethnicity and nativity (foreign- vs. US-born) were not directly associated with density despite variations in the distribution of several risk factors across ethnic and nativity groups.

Conclusions

The mean level of mammographic density did not differ across ethnic and nativity groups, but several risk factors for breast cancer were associated with density in ethnic minority and immigrant women.
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Metadata
Title
Reproductive and menstrual factors and mammographic density in African American, Caribbean, and white women
Authors
Parisa Tehranifar
Diane Reynolds
Julie Flom
Loralee Fulton
Yuyan Liao
Elizabeth Kudadjie-Gyamfi
Mary Beth Terry
Publication date
01-04-2011
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Cancer Causes & Control / Issue 4/2011
Print ISSN: 0957-5243
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7225
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-011-9733-8

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