Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Cancer Causes & Control
Published in: Cancer Causes & Control 10/2006

01-12-2006 | Original Paper

Adolescent dietary phytoestrogen intake and breast cancer risk (Canada)

Authors: Joanne Thanos, Michelle Cotterchio, Beatrice A. Boucher, Nancy Kreiger, Lilian U. Thompson

Published in: Cancer Causes & Control | Issue 10/2006

Login to get access

Abstract

Objective

It has been suggested that dietary phytoestrogen intake during adolescence may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. This population-based case–control study evaluated the association between adolescent dietary phytoestrogen intake and adult breast cancer risk among women in Ontario, Canada.

Methods

Pathology-confirmed, population-based breast cancer cases, aged 25–74 years, diagnosed between June 2002 and April 2003, were identified using the Ontario Cancer Registry. Population-based controls were recruited, and matched to cases within 5-year age groups. Adolescent phytoestrogen intake was obtained using a brief food frequency questionnaire (n = 3,024 cases, n = 3,420 controls). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Higher phytoestrogen intake (both isoflavones and lignans) during adolescence was associated with a reduced breast cancer risk, and a monotonic trend was observed from the lowest to the highest quartile (OR [Q2] = 0.91, 95% CI 0.79–1.04, OR[Q3] = 0.86, 95% CI 0.75–0.98, and OR[Q4] = 0.71, 95% CI 0.62–0.82, p-trend < 0.001).

Conclusion

Adolescent dietary phytoestrogen intake may be associated with a decreased risk of adult breast cancer. If verified, this finding has important implications with regard to breast cancer prevention since diet is a potentially modifiable factor.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Shu XO, Jin F, Dai Q, et al (2001) Soyfood intake during adolescence and subsequent risk of breast cancer among Chinese women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10:483–488PubMed
2.
Wu AH, Wan P, Hankin J, Tseng CC, Yu MC, Pike MC (2002) Adolescent and adult soy intake and risk of breast cancer in Asian-Americans. Carcinogenesis 23:1491–1496PubMedCrossRef
3.
Schedin PJ, Byers T (1997) Adolescent diet and the risk of breast cancer in adulthood: a role for vitamin A? Nutrition 13:924–925PubMedCrossRef
4.
Hilakivi-Clarke L, Onojafe I, Raygada M, et al (1999) Prepubertal exposure to zearalenone or genistein reduces mammary tumorigenesis. Br J Cancer 80:1682–1688PubMedCrossRef
5.
Lamartiniere CA, Murrill WB, Manzolillo PA, et al (1998) Genistein alters the ontogeny of mammary gland development and protects against chemically-induced mammary cancer in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 217:358–364
6.
Messina MJ, Loprinzi CL (2001) Soy for breast cancer survivors: a critical review of the literature. J Nutr 131:3095S–3108SPubMed
7.
Murrill WB, Brown NM, Zhang JX, Manzolillo PA, Barnes S, Lamartiniere CA (1996) Prepubertal genistein exposure suppresses mammary cancer and enhances gland differentiation in rats. Carcinogenesis 17:1451–1457PubMed
8.
Brown NM, Wang J, Cotroneo MS, Zhao YX, Lamartiniere CA (1998) Prepubertal genistein treatment modulates TGF-alpha, EGF, and EGF-receptor mRNAs and proteins in the rat mammary gland. Mol Cell Endocrinol 144:149–165PubMedCrossRef
9.
Fritz WA, Coward L, Wang J, Lamartiniere CA (1998) Dietary genistein: perinatal mammary cancer prevention, bioavailability and toxicity testing in the rat. Carcinogenesis 19:2151–2158PubMedCrossRef
10.
Tou JC, Thompson LU (1999) Exposure to flaxseed or its lignan component during different developmental stages influences rat mammary gland structures. Carcinogenesis 20:1831–1835PubMedCrossRef
11.
Chen J, Tan KP, Ward WE, Thompson LU (2003) Exposure to flaxseed or its purified lignan during suckling inhibits chemically induced rat mammary tumorigenesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 228:951–958
12.
Ward WE, Jiang FO, Thompson LU (2000) Exposure to flaxseed or purified lignan during lactation influences rat mammary gland structures. Nutr Cancer 37:187–192PubMedCrossRef
13.
Tan KP, Chen J, Ward WE, Thompson LU (2004) Mammary gland morphogenesis is enhanced by exposure to flaxseed or its major lignan during suckling in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 229:147–157
14.
Rockhill B, Weinberg CR, Newman B (1998) Population attributable fraction estimate for established breast cancer risk factors: considering the issues of high prevalence and unmodifiability. Am J Epidemiol 147:826–833PubMed
15.
Madigan MP, Ziegker RG, Benichou J, Byrne C, Hoover RN (1995) Proportion of breast cancer cases in the United States explained by well-established risk factors. J Natl Cancer Inst 87:1681–1685PubMed
16.
Dai Q, Shu X-O, Jin F, et al (2001) Population-based case–control study of soyfood intake and breast cancer risk in Shanghai. Br J Cancer 85:372–378PubMedCrossRef
17.
Horn-Ross PL, John EM, Lee M, et al (2001) Phytoestrogen consumption and breast cancer risk in a multi-ethnic population. Am J Epidemiol 154:434–441PubMedCrossRef
18.
Yamamoto S, Sobue T, Kobayashi M, Sasaki S, Tsugane S (2003) Soy, isoflavones, and breast cancer risk in Japan. J Natl Cancer Inst 95:906–913PubMedCrossRef
19.
McCann SE, Muti P, Vito D, Edge SB, Trevisan M, Freudenheim JL (2004) Dietary lignan intakes and risk of pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer. Int J Cancer 111:440–443PubMedCrossRef
20.
Keinan-Boker L, van Der Shouw YT, Gobbee DE, Peeters PH (2004) Dietary phytoestrogens and breast cancer risk. Am J Clin Nutr 79:282–288PubMed
21.
22.
Murkies AL, Wilcox G, Davis SR (1998) Clinical review 92: phytoestrogens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:297–303PubMedCrossRef
23.
Tham DM, Gardner CD, Haskell WL (1998) Clinical review 97: potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogens: a review of the clinical, epidemiological and mechanistic evidence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:2223–2235PubMedCrossRef
24.
Bingham SA, Atkinson C, Liggins J, Bluck L, Coward A (1998) Phyto-oestrogens: where are we now? Br J Nutr 79:393–406PubMedCrossRef
25.
Adlercreutz H, Mazur W (1997) Phyto-oestrogens and Western diseases. Ann Med 29:95–120PubMed
26.
Horn-Ross PL, Lee M, John EM, Koo J (2000) Sources of phytoestrogen exposure among non-Asian women in California, USA. Cancer Causes Control 11:299–302PubMedCrossRef
27.
de Kleijn MJ, van der Schouw YT, Wilson PW, et al (2001) Intake of dietary phytoestrogens is low in postmenopausal women in the United States: the Framingham Study. J Nutr 131:1826–1832PubMed
28.
Valsta LM, Kilkkinen A, Mazur W, et al (2003) Phyto-oestrogen database of foods and average intake in Finland. Br J Nutr 89(Suppl 1):S31–S38PubMed
29.
Mazur W, Aldlercreutz H (1998) Natural and anthropogenic environmental oestrogens: the scientific basis for risk assessment. Naturally occurring oestrogens in food. Pure Appl Chem 70:1759–1776
30.
Thompson LU, Robb P, Serraino M, Cheung F (1991) Mammalian lignan production from various foods. Nutr Cancer 16:43–52PubMed
31.
Aldercreutz H (2002) Phytoestrogens and breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 83:113–118CrossRef
32.
Subar AF, Thompson FE, Kipnis V, et al (2001) Comparative validation of the Block, Willett and National Cancer Institute food frequency questionnaires: the Eating at America’s Table Study. Am J Epidemiol 154:1089–1099PubMedCrossRef
33.
Boucher B, Cotterchio M, Kreiger N, Nadalin V, Block T, Block G (2006) Validity and reliability of the Block98 food-frequency questionnaire in a sample of Canadian women. Public Health Nutr 9:84–93PubMedCrossRef
34.
Gilbart E, Kreiger N (1998) Improvement in cumulative response rates following implementation of a financial incentive. Am J Epidemiol 148:97–99PubMed
35.
Horn-Ross PL, Barnes S, Lee M, et al (2000) Assessing phytoestrogen exposure in epidemiologic studies: development of a database. Cancer Causes Control 11:289–298PubMedCrossRef
36.
Jackson CJC, Gilani GS (2002) Tables of isoflavone, coumestan, and lignan data. In: Gilani GS, Anderson J (eds) Phytoestrogens and health. AOCS, Champaign (IL), pp 124–146
37.
Liggins J, Bluck LJ, Runswick S, Atkinson C, Coward WA, Bingham SA (2000) Daidzein and genistein content of fruits and nuts. J Nutr Biochem 11:326–331PubMedCrossRef
38.
Liggins J, Bluck LJ, Runswick S, Atkinson C, Coward WA, Bingham SA (2000) Daidzein and genistein content of vegetables. Br J Nutr 84:717–725PubMed
39.
Liggins J, Mulligan A, Runswick S, Bingham SA (2002) Daidzein and genistein content of cereals. Eur J Clin Nutr 56:961–966PubMedCrossRef
40.
Mazur W, Fotsis T, Wahala K, Ojala S, Salakka A, Adlercreutz H (1996) Isotope dilution gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the determination of isoflavonoids, coumestrol, and lignans in food samples. Anal Biochem 233:169–180PubMedCrossRef
41.
Mazur WM, Duke JA, Wahala K, Rasku S, Adlercreutz H (1998) Isoflavonoids and lignans in legumes: nutritional and health aspects on humans. J Nutr Biochem 9:193–200CrossRef
42.
Mazur WM, Wahala K, Rasku S, Salakka A, Hase T, Adlercreutz H (1998) Lignan and isoflavonoid concentrations in tea and coffee. Br J Nutr 79:37–45PubMedCrossRef
43.
Mazur W (1998) Phytoestrogen content in foods. Bailliere’s Clin Endocrinol Metab 12:729–742CrossRef
44.
Mazur WM, Uehara M, Wahala K, Adlercreutz H (2000) Phyo-oestrogen content of berries, and plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of enterolactone after a single strawberry-meal in human subjects. Br J Nutr 83:381–387PubMed
45.
Mazur W, Adlercreutz H (2000) Overview of naturally occurring endocrine-active substances in the human diet in relation to human health. Nutrition 16:654–658PubMedCrossRef
46.
Meagher LP, Beecher GR (2000) Assessment of data on the lignan value of foods. J Food Compost Anal 13:935–947CrossRef
47.
Lapcik O, Hill M, Hampl R, Wahala K, Adlercreutz H (1998) Identification of isoflavonoids in beer. Steroids 63:14–20PubMedCrossRef
48.
Boker LK, Van der Schouw YT, De Kleijn MJ, Jacques PF, Grobbee DE, Peeters PH (2002) Intake of dietary phytoestrogens by Dutch women. J Nutr 132:1319–1328PubMed
49.
Horn-Ross PL (2001) Assessing phytoestrogen exposure via a food-frequency questionnaire (letter). Cancer Causes Control 12:477–478PubMedCrossRef
50.
Horner NK, Kristal AR, Prunty J, Skor HE, Potter JD, Lampe JW (2002) Dietary determinants of plasma enterolactone. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11:121–126PubMed
51.
Kilkkinen A, Stumpf K, Pietinen P, Valsta LM, Tapanainen H, Adlercreutz H (2001) Determinants of serum enterolactone concentration. Am J Clin Nutr 73:1094–1100PubMed
52.
Kirk P, Patterson RE, Lampe J (1999) Development of a soy food frequency questionnaire to estimate isoflavone consumption in US adults. J Am Diet Assoc 99:558–563PubMedCrossRef
53.
Lampe JW, Gustafson DR, Hutchins AM, et al (1999) Urinary isoflavonoid and lignan excretion on a Western diet: relation to soy, vegetable and fruit intake. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 8:699–707PubMed
54.
McCann SE, Moysich KB, Freudenheim JL, Ambrosone CB, Shields PG (2002) The risk of breast cancer associated with dietary lignans differs by CYP17 genotype in women. J Nutr 132:3036–3041PubMed
55.
Strom SS, Yamamura Y, Duphorne CM, et al (1999) Phytoestrogen intake and prostate cancer: a case–control study using a new database. Nutr Cancer 33:20–25PubMed
56.
Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S (2000) Applied logistic regression. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NYCrossRef
57.
58.
Maldonado G, Greenland S (1993) Simulation study of confounder-selection strategies. Am J Epidemiol 138:923–936PubMed
59.
Colditz GA, Atwood KA, Emmons K, et al (2000) Harvard report on cancer prevention volume 4: Harvard cancer risk index. Cancer Causes Control 11:477–488PubMedCrossRef
60.
Banerjee S, Bueso-Ramos C, Aggarwal BB (2002) Supression of 7,12-dimethyl9a-anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats by reservatol: role of nuclear factor-kB, cyclooxy-genase 2 and matrix metalloprotease 9. Cancer Res 62:4945–4954PubMed
61.
Jin Z, MacDonald RS (2002) Soy isoflavones increase latency of spontaneous mammary tumors in mice. J Nutr 132:3186–3190PubMed
62.
Constantinou AI, Krygier AE, Mehta RR (1998) Genistein induces maturation of cultured human breast cancer cells and prevents tumour growth in nude mice. Am J Clin Nutr 68:1426S–1430SPubMed
63.
Messina MJ, Persky V, Setchell KD, Barnes S (1994) Soy intake and cancer risk: a review of the in vitro and in vivo data. Nutr Cancer 21:113–131PubMedCrossRef
64.
Power KA, Thompson LU (2005) Flaxseed and lignans: effects on breast cancer. In: Awad A, Bradford P (eds) Nutrition and cancer prevention. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 385–410
65.
Cassidy A, Bingham S, Setchell KD (1994) Biological effects of a diet of soy protein rich in isoflavones on the menstrual cycle of premenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 60:333–340PubMed
66.
Gallo D, Giacomelli S, Cantelmo F, et al (2001) Chemoprevention of DMBA-induced mammary cancer in rats by dietary soy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 69:153–164PubMedCrossRef
67.
Messina M (2004) Western soy intake is too low to produce health effects. Am J Clin Nutr 80:528–529PubMed
68.
Clarke DB, Lloyd AS (2004) Dietary exposure estimates of isoflavones from the 1998 UK Total Diet Study. Food Addit Contam 21:305–316PubMedCrossRef
69.
Milder IEJ, Arts ICW, van de Putte B, Venema DP, Hollman PCH (2005) Lignan contents of Dutch plant foods: a database including lariciresinol, pinoresinol, secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol. Br J Nutr 93:393–402PubMedCrossRef
70.
Hislop GT, Coldman AJ, Elwood MJ, Brauer G, Kan L (1986) Childhood and recent eating patterns and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Detect Prev 9:47–58PubMed
71.
Potischman N, Weiss HA, Swanson CA, et al (1998) Diet during adolescence and risk of breast cancer among young women. J Natl Cancer Inst 90:226–233PubMedCrossRef
72.
Pryor M, Slattery ML, Robison LM, Egger M (1989) Adolescent diet and breast cancer in Utah. Cancer Res 49:2161–2167PubMed
73.
Tretli S, Gaard M (1996) Lifestyle changes during adolescence and risk of breast cancer: an ecologic study of the effect of World War II in Norway. Cancer Causes Control 7:507–512PubMedCrossRef
74.
Frazier AL, Ryan CT, Rockett H, Willett WC, Colditz GA (2003) Adolescent diet and risk of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 5:R59–R64CrossRef
75.
Maynard M, Gunnell D, Emmett P, Frankel S, Smith DG (2003) Fruit, vegetables, and antioxidants in childhood and risk of adult cancer: the Boyd Orr cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 57:218–225PubMedCrossRef
76.
Frazier AL, Li L, Cho E, Willett WC, Colditz GA (2004) Adolescent diet and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control 15:73–82PubMedCrossRef
77.
Frazier AL, Willett WC, Colditz GA (1995) Reproducibility of recall of adolescent diet: Nurse’s Health Study (United States). Cancer Causes Control 6:499–506PubMedCrossRef
78.
Maruti SS, Feskanich D, Colditz GA, et al (2005) Adult recall of adolescent diet: reproducibility and comparison with maternal reporting. Am J Epidemiol 161:89–97PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Adolescent dietary phytoestrogen intake and breast cancer risk (Canada)
Authors
Joanne Thanos
Michelle Cotterchio
Beatrice A. Boucher
Nancy Kreiger
Lilian U. Thompson
Publication date
01-12-2006
Publisher
Kluwer Academic Publishers
Published in
Cancer Causes & Control / Issue 10/2006
Print ISSN: 0957-5243
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7225
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-006-0062-2

Other articles of this Issue 10/2006

Cancer Causes & Control 10/2006 Go to the issue

Original Paper

Early infection and risk of childhood brain tumors (Canada)

Original Paper

Sex steroid hormones in young manhood and the risk of subsequent prostate cancer: a longitudinal study in African-Americans and Caucasians (United States)

Original Paper

Hypothesis: hair cover can protect against invasive melanoma on the head and neck (Australia)

Original Paper

Aspirin may be more effective in preventing colorectal adenomas in patients with higher BMI (United States)

OriginalPaper

Author index to Volume 17

Original Paper

Breast cancer risk factors in relation to breast density (United States)
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Watch now

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits