Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Brain Topography
Published in: Brain Topography 4/2014

01-07-2014 | Review

Mismatch Negativity (MMN) as an Index of Cognitive Dysfunction

Authors: Risto Näätänen, Elyse S. Sussman, Dean Salisbury, Valerie L. Shafer

Published in: Brain Topography | Issue 4/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Cognition is often affected in a variety of neuropsychiatric, neurological, and neurodevelopmental disorders. The neural discriminative response, reflected in mismatch negativity (MMN) and its magnetoencephalographic equivalent (MMNm), has been used as a tool to study a variety of disorders involving auditory cognition. MMN/MMNm is an involuntary brain response to auditory change or, more generally, to pattern regularity violation. For a number of disorders, MMN/MMNm amplitude to sound deviance has been shown to be attenuated or the peak-latency of the component prolonged compared to controls. This general finding suggests that while not serving as a specific marker to any particular disorder, MMN may be useful for understanding factors of cognition in various disorders, and has potential to serve as an indicator of risk. This review presents a brief history of the MMN, followed by a description of how MMN has been used to index auditory processing capability in a range of neuropsychiatric, neurological, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, we suggest future directions for research to further enhance our understanding of the neural substrate of deviance detection that could lead to improvements in the use of MMN as a clinical tool.
Literature
Aaltonen O, Tuomainen J, Laine M, Niemi P (1993) Cortical differences in tonal versus vowel processing as revealed by an ERP component called mismatch negativity (MMN). Brain Lang 44(2):139–152PubMed
Aaltonen O, Eerola O, Hellstrom A, Uusipaikka E, Lang AH (1997) Perceptual magnet effect in the light of behavioral and psychophysiological data. J Acoust Soc Am 101(2):1090–1105PubMed
Ahmmed AU, Clarke EM, Adams C (2008) Mismatch negativity and frequency representational width in children with specific language impairment. Dev Med Child Neurol 50(12):938–944PubMed
Alho K (1995) Cerebral generators of mismatch negativity (MMN) and its magnetic counterpart (MMNm) elicited by sound changes. Ear Hear 16(1):38–51PubMed
Andersson S, Barder HE, Hellvin T, Løvdahl H, Malt UF (2008) Neuropsychological and electrophysiological indices of neurocognitive dysfunction in bipolar II disorder. Bipolar Disord 10(8):888–899PubMed
Atkinson RJ, Michie PT, Schall U (2012) Duration mismatch negativity and P3a in first-episode psychosis and individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 71(2):98–104PubMed
Auther LL, Wertz RT, Miller TA, Kirshner HS (2000) Relationships among the mismatch negativity (MMN) response, auditory comprehension, and site of lesion in aphasic adults. Aphasiology 14(5–6):461–470
Baker K, Baldeweg T, Sivagnanasundaram S, Scambler P, Skuse D (2005) COMT Val108/158 Met modifies mismatch negativity and cognitive function in 22q11 deletion syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 58(1):23–31PubMed
Bakker I, Macgregor LJ, Pulvermüller F, Shtyrov Y (2013) Past tense in the brain’s time: neurophysiological evidence for dual-route processing of past-tense verbs. Neuroimage 71:187–195PubMed
Baldeweg T, Richardson A, Watkins S, Foale C, Gruzelier J (1999) Impaired auditory frequency discrimination in dyslexia detected with mismatch evoked potentials. Ann Neurol 45(4):495–503PubMed
Baldeweg T, Klugman A, Gruzelier J, Hirsch SR (2004) Mismatch negativity potentials and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 69(2–3):203–217PubMed
Becker F, Reinvang I (2007) Mismatch negativity elicited by tones and speech sounds: changed topographical distribution in aphasia. Brain Lang 100(1):69–78PubMed
Belger A, Yucel GH, Donkers FC (2012) In search of psychosis biomarkers in high-risk populations: is the mismatch negativity the one we’ve been waiting for? Biol Psychiatry 71(2):94–95PubMed
Benasich AA, Choudhury N, Friedman JT, Realpe-Bonilla T, Chojnowska C, Gou Z (2006) The infant as a prelinguistic model for language learning impairments: predicting from event-related potentials to behavior. Neuropsychologia 44(3):396–411PubMedCentralPubMed
Bendixen A, Prinz W, Horváth J, Trujillo-Barreto NJ, Schröger E (2008) Rapid extraction of auditory feature contingencies. Neuroimage 41(3):1111–1119PubMed
Bendixen A, Schröger E, Ritter W, Winkler I (2012) Regularity extraction from non-adjacent sounds. Front Psychol 3:143PubMedCentralPubMed
Bendixen A, Scharinger M, Strauß A, Obleser J (2014) Prediction in the service of comprehension: modulated early brain responses to omitted speech segments. Cortex 53C:9–26
Besle J, Hussain Z, Giard MH, Bertrand O (2013) The representation of audiovisual regularities in the human brain. J Cogn Neurosci 25(3):365–373PubMed
Bishop DV (2007) Using mismatch negativity to study central auditory processing in developmental language and literacy impairments: where are we, and where should we be going? Psychol Bull 33(4):651–672
Bishop DVM, Hardiman M, Uwer R, von Suchodoletz W (2007) Atypical long-latency auditory event-related potentials in s subset of children with specific language impairment. Dev Sci 10:565–575PubMedCentralPubMed
Bishop DVM, Hardiman MJ, Barry JG (2010) Lower-frequency event-related desynchronization: a signature of late mismatch responses to sounds, which is reduced or absent in children with specific language impairment. J Neurosci 30(46):15578–15584PubMedCentralPubMed
Boatman BF, Trescher W, Smith C, Ewen J, Los J, Wied HM, Gordon B, Kossoff EH, Gao Q, Vining EP (2008) Cortical auditory dysfunction in benign rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsia 49(6):1018–1026PubMed
Bodatsch M, Ruhrmann S, Wagner M, Müller R, Schultze-Lutter F, Frommann I, Brinkmeyer J, Gaebel W, Maier W, Klosterkötter J, Brockhaus-Dumke A (2011) Prediction of psychosis by mismatch negativity. Biol Psychiatry 69(10):959–966PubMed
Bonte ML, Mitterer H, Zellagui N, Poelmans H, Blomert L (2005) Auditory cortical tuning to statistical regularities in phonology. Clin Neurophysiol 116(12):2765–2774PubMed
Bonte ML, Poelmans H, Blomert L (2007) Deviant neurophysiological responses to phonological regularities in speech in dyslexic children. Neuropsychologia 45(7):1427–1437PubMed
Borghetti D, Pizzanelli C, Maritato P, Fabbrini M, Jensen S, Iudice A, Murri L, Sartucci F (2007) Mismatch negativity analysis in drug-resistant epileptic patients implanted with vagus nerve stimulator. Brain Res Bull 73(1–3):81–85PubMed
Bradlow AR, Kraus N, Nicol TG, McGee TJ, Cunningham J, Zecker SG, Carrell TD (1999) Effects of lengthened formant transition duration on discrimination and neural representation of synthetic CV syllables by normal and learning-disabled children. J Acoust Soc Am 106(4 Pt 1):2086–2096PubMed
Brattico E, Näätänen R, Tervaniemi M (2001) Context effects on pitch perception in musicians and nonmusicians: evidence from event-related-potential recordings. Music Percept 19(2):199–222
Brattico E, Tervaniemi M, Näätänen R (2006) Musical scale properties are automatically processed in the human auditory cortex. Brain Res 1117(1):162–174PubMed
Brattico E, Pallesen KJ, Varyagina O, Bailey C, Anourova I, Järvenpää MM, Eerola T, Tervaniemi M (2009) Neural discrimination of nonprototypical chords in music experts and laymen: an MEG study. J Cogn Neurosci 21(11):2230–2244PubMed
Brockhaus-Dumke A, Tendokar I, Pukrop R, Schultze-Lutter F, Klosterkötter J, Ruhrmann S (2005) Impaired mismatch negativity in prodromal subjects and patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 73:297–310PubMed
Brønnick KS, Nordby H, Larsen JP, Aarsland D (2010) Disturbance of automatic auditory change detection in dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease: a mismatch negativity study. Neurobiol Aging 31(1):104–113PubMed
Bruder GE, Schnur DB, Fergeson P, Mukherjee S, Leite P, Sackeim HA (1994) Dichotic-listening measures of brain laterality in mania. J Abnorm Psychol 103(4):758–766PubMed
Caclin A, Brattico E, Tervaniemi M, Näätänen R, Morlet D, Giard MH, McAdams S (2006) Separate neural processing of timbre dimensions in auditory sensory memory. J Cogn Neurosci 18(12):1959–1972PubMed
Catts SV, Shelley AM, Ward PB, Liebert B, McConaghy N, Andrews S, Michie PT (1995) Brain potential evidence for an auditory sensory memory deficit in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 152(2):213–219PubMed
Ceponiene R, Lepistö T, Shestakova A, Vanhala R, Alku P, Näätänen R, Yaguchi K (2003) Speech-sound-selective auditory impairment in children with autism: they can perceive but do not attend. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(9):5567–5572PubMedCentralPubMed
Chen S, Sussman ES (2013) Context effects on auditory distraction. Biol Psychol 94(2):297–309PubMed
Chennu S, Noreika V, Gueorguiev D, Blenkmann A, Kochen S, Ibáñez A, Owen AM, Bekinschtein TA (2013) Expectation and attention in hierarchical auditory prediction. J Neurosci 33(27):11194–11205PubMedCentralPubMed
Cheour M, Haapanen ML, Ceponiene R, Hukki J, Ranta R, Näätänen R (1998) Mismatch negativity (MMN) as an index of auditory sensory memory deficit in cleft-palate and CATCH syndrome children. Neuroreport 9(12):2709–2712PubMed
Cheour M, Shestakova A, Alku P, Ceponiene R, Näätänen R (2002) Mismatch negativity shows that 3–6-year-old children can learn to discriminate non-native speech sounds within two months. Neurosci Lett 325(3):187–190PubMed
Choudhury N, Benasich AA (2011) Maturation of auditory evoked potentials from 6 to 48 months: prediction to 3 and 4 year language and cognitive abilities. Clin Neurophysiol 122(2):320–338PubMed
Colin C, Radeau M, Soquet A, Dachy B, Deltenre P (2002) Electrophysiology of spatial scene analysis: the mismatch negativity (MMN) is sensitive to the ventriloquism illusion. Clin Neurophysiol 113(4):507–518PubMed
Cornella M, Leung S, Grimm S, Escera C (2012) Detection of simple and pattern regularity violations occurs at different levels of the auditory hierarchy. PLoS ONE 7(8):e43604PubMedCentralPubMed
Coyle JT (2006) Glutamate and schizophrenia: beyond the dopamine hypothesis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 26(4–6):365–384PubMed
Csépe V, Osman-Sági J, Molnár M, Gósy M (2001) Impaired speech perception in aphasic patients: event-related potential and neuropsychological assessment. Neuropsychologia 39(11):1194–1208PubMed
Dalebout SD, Stack JW (1999) Mismatch negativity to acoustic differences not differentiated behaviorally. J Am Acad Audiol 10(7):388–399PubMed
Datta H, Shafer VL, Morr ML, Kurtzberg D, Schwartz RG (2010) Electrophysiological indices of discrimination of long-duration, phonetically similar vowels in children with typical and atypical language development. J Speech Lang Hear Res 53(3):757–777PubMed
Davids N, Segers E, van den Brink D, Mitterer H, van Balkom H, Hagoort P, Verhoeven L (2011) The nature of auditory discrimination problems in children with specific language impairment: an MMN study. Neuropsychologia 49(1):19–28PubMed
Dehaene-Lambertz G (1997) Electrophysiological correlates of categorical phoneme perception in adults. Neuroreport 8(4):919–924PubMed
Dehaene-Lambertz G, Dehaene S (1994) Speed and cerebral correlates of syllable discrimination in infants. Nature 370(6487):292–295PubMed
Dehaene-Lambertz G, Dupoux E, Gout A (2000) Electrophysiological correlates of phonological processing: a cross-linguistic study. J Cogn Neurosci 12(4):635–647PubMed
Devrim-Üçok M, Keskin-Ergen HY, Üçok A (2008) Mismatch negativity at acute and post-acute phases of first-episode schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 258(3):179–185PubMed
Dhawan J, Benveniste H, Nawrocky M, Smith SD, Biegon A (2010) Transient focal ischemia results in persistent and widespread neuroinflammation and loss of glutamate NMDA receptors. Neuroimage 51(2):599–605PubMedCentralPubMed
Domján N, Csifcsák G, Drótos G, Janka Z, Szendi I (2012) Different patterns of auditory information processing deficits in chronic schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with psychotic features. Schizophr Res 139(1–3):253–259PubMed
Dunn MA, Gomes H, Gravel J (2008) Mismatch negativity in children with autism and typical development. J Autism Dev Disord 38(1):52–71PubMed
Dyson BJ, Alain C, He Y (2005) Effects of visual attentional load on low-level auditory scene analysis. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 5(3):319–338PubMed
Ferri R, Elia M, Agarwal N, Lanuzza B, Musumeci SA, Pennisi G (2003) The mismatch negativity and the P3a components of the auditory event-related potentials in autistic low-functioning subjects. Clin Neurophysiol 114(9):1671–1680PubMed
Ford JM, Mathalon DH (2012) Anticipating the future: automatic prediction failures in schizophrenia. Int J Psychophysiol 83:232–239PubMedCentralPubMed
Ford JM, Roth WT, Kopell BS (1976) Attention effects on auditory evoked potentials to infrequent events. Biol Psychol 4:65–77PubMed
Foster SM, Kisley MA, Davis HP, Diede NT, Campbell AM, Davalos DB (2013) Cognitive function predicts neural activity associated with pre-attentive temporal processing. Neuropsychologia 51(2):211–219PubMed
Friedrich M, Herold B, Friederici AD (2009) ERP correlates of processing native and non-native language word stress in infants with different language outcomes. Cortex 45(5):662–676PubMed
Friston K (2005) A theory of cortical responses. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 360(1456):815–836
Gaeta H, Friedman D, Ritter W, Cheng J (1999) Changes in sensitivity to stimulus deviance in Alzheimer’s disease: an ERP perspective. Neuroreport 10(2):281–287PubMed
Garrido MI, Friston KJ, Kiebel SJ, Stephan KE, Baldeweg T, Kilner JM (2008) The functional anatomy of the MMN: a DCM study of the roving paradigm. Neuroimage 42(2):936–944PubMedCentralPubMed
Garza Villarreal EA, Brattico E, Leino S, Ostergaard L, Vuust P (2011) Distinct neural responses to chord violations: a multiple source analysis study. Brain Res 1389:103–114PubMed
Gomot M, Giard MH, Adrien JL, Barthelemy C, Bruneau N (2002) Hypersensitivity to acoustic change in children with autism: electrophysiological evidence of left frontal cortex dysfunctioning. Psychophysiology 39(5):577–584PubMed
Gomot M, Blanc R, Clery H, Roux S, Barthelemy C, Bruneau N (2011) Candidate electrophysiological endophenotypes of hyper-reactivity to change in autism. J Autism Dev Disord 41(6):705–714PubMed
Grimm S, Escera C (2012) Auditory deviance detection revisited: evidence for a hierarchical novelty system. Int J Psychophysiol 85(1):88–92PubMed
Gu Q (2002) Neuromodulatory transmitter systems in the cortex and their role in cortical plasticity. Neuroscience 111(4):815–835PubMed
Hall MH, Schulze K, Rijsdijk F, Kalidindi S, McDonald C, Bramon E, Murray RM, Sham P (2009) Are auditory P300 and duration MMN heritable and putative endophenotypes of psychotic bipolar disorder? A Maudsley Bipolar Twin and Family Study. Psychol Med 39(8):1277–1287PubMed
He C, Hotson L, Trainor LJ (2007) Mismatch responses to pitch changes in early infancy. J Cogn Neurosci 19(5):878–892PubMed
He C, Hotson L, Trainor LJ (2009) Development of infant mismatch responses to auditory pattern changes between 2 and 4 months old. Eur J Neurosci 29(4):861–867PubMed
Heekeren K, Daumann J, Neukirch A, Stock C, Kawohl W, Norra C, Waberski TD, Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E (2008) Mismatch negativity generation in the human 5HT2A agonist and NMDA antagonist model of psychosis. Psychopharmacology 199(1):77–88PubMedCentralPubMed
Herholz SC, Lappe C, Pantev C (2009) Looking for a pattern: an MEG study on the abstract mismatch negativity in musicians and nonmusicians. BMC Neurosci 10:42PubMedCentralPubMed
Hermens DF, Ward PB, Hodge MA, Kaur M, Naismith SL, Hickie IB (2010) Impaired MMN/P3a complex in first-episode psychosis: cognitive and psychosocial associations. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 34(6):822–829PubMed
Herrero JL, Gieselmann MA, Sanayei M, Thiele A (2013) Attention-induced variance and noise correlation reduction in macaque V1 is mediated by NMDA receptors. Neuron 78(4):729–739PubMedCentralPubMed
Higuchi Y, Sumiyoshi T, Seo T, Miyanishi T, Kawasaki Y, Suzuki M (2013) Mismatch negativity and cognitive performance for the prediction of psychosis in subjects with at-risk mental state. PLoS ONE 8(1):e54080PubMedCentralPubMed
Holopainen IE, Korpilahti P, Juottonen K, Lang H, Sillanpää M (1997) Attenuated auditory event-related potential (mismatch negativity) in children with developmental dysphasia. Neuropediatrics 28(5):253–256PubMed
Horváth J, Czigler I, Jacobsen T, Maess B, Schröger E, Winkler I (2008) MMN or no MMN: no magnitude of deviance effect on the MMN amplitude. Psychophysiology 45(1):60–69PubMed
Ilvonen TM, Kujala T, Kiesiläinen A, Salonen O, Kozou H, Pekkonen E, Roine RO, Kaste M, Näätänen R (2003) Auditory discrimination after left-hemisphere stroke: a mismatch negativity follow-up study. Stroke 34(7):1746–1751PubMed
Ilvonen T, Kujala T, Kozou H, Kiesiläinen A, Salonen O, Alku P, Näätänen R (2004) The processing of speech and non-speech sounds in aphasic patients as reflected by the mismatch negativity (MMN). Neurosci Lett 366(3):235–240PubMed
Jacobsen TK, Steinberg J, Truckenbrodt H, Jacobsen T (2013) Mismatch negativity (MMN) to successive deviants within one hierarchically structured auditory object. Int J Psychophysiol 87(1):1–7PubMed
Jansson-Verkasalo E, Ceponiene R, Valkama M, Vainionpää L, Laitakari K, Alku P, Suominen K, Näätänen R (2003) Deficient speech-sound processing, as shown by the electrophysiologic brain mismatch negativity response, and naming ability in prematurely born children. Neurosci Lett 348(1):5–8PubMed
Jansson-Verkasalo E, Korpilahti P, Jäntti V, Valkama M, Vainionpää L, Alku P, Suominen K, Näätänen R (2004) Neurophysiologic correlates of deficient phonological representations and object naming in prematurely born children. Clin Neurophysiol 115(1):179–187PubMed
Javitt DC (2000) Intracortical mechanisms of mismatch negativity dysfunction in schizophrenia. Audiol Neurootol 5(3–4):207–215PubMed
Javitt DC (2010) Glutamatergic theories of schizophrenia. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 47(1):4–16PubMed
Javitt DC, Doneshka P, Zylberman I, Ritter W, Vaughan HG Jr (1993) Impairment of early cortical processing in schizophrenia: an event-related potential confirmation study. Biol Psychiatry 33(7):513–519PubMed
Javitt DC, Doneshka P, Grochowski S, Ritter W (1995) Impaired mismatch negativity generation reflects widespread dysfunction of working memory in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52(7):550–558PubMed
Javitt DC, Steinschneider M, Schroeder CE, Arezzo JC (1996) Role of cortical N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in auditory sensory memory and mismatch negativity generation: implications for schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93(21):11962–11967PubMedCentralPubMed
Javitt DC, Zukin SR, Heresco-Levy U, Umbricht D (2012) Has an angel shown the way? Etiological and therapeutic implications of the PCP/NMDA model of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 38(5):958–966PubMedCentralPubMed
Jing H, Flax J, Roesler CP, Choudhury N, Benasich AA (2006) Auditory event-related responses in children with semi-lobar holoprosencephaly. Brain Dev 28(4):207–214PubMedCentralPubMed
Jung J, Morlet D, Mercier B, Confavreux C, Fischer C (2006) Mismatch negativity (MMN) in multiple sclerosis: an event-related potentials study in 46 patients. Clin Neurophysiol 117(1):85–93PubMed
Kaur M, Battisti RA, Ward PB, Ahmed A, Hickie IB, Hermens DF (2011) MMN/P3a deficits in first episode psychosis: comparing schizophrenia-spectrum and affective-spectrum subgroups. Schizophr Res 130(1–3):203–209PubMed
Kaur M, Lagopoulos J, Lee RS, Ward PB, Naismith SL, Hickie IB, Hermens DF (2013) Longitudinal associations between mismatch negativity and disability in early schizophrenia- and affective-spectrum disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 46:161–169PubMed
Kawakubo Y, Kamio S, Nose T, Iwanami A, Nakagome K, Fukuda M, Kato N, Rogers MA, Kasai K (2007) Phonetic mismatch negativity predicts social skills acquisition in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 152(2–3):261–265PubMed
Kayser J, Tenke CE, Kroppmann CJ, Alschuler DM, Fekri S, Ben-David S, Corcoran CM, Bruder GE (2014) Auditory event-related potentials and alpha oscillations in the psychosis prodrome: neuronal generator patterns during a novelty oddball task. Int J Psychophysiol 91(2):104–120PubMed
Kemner C, Verbaten MN, Cuperus JM, Camfferman G, van Engeland H (1995) Auditory event-related brain potentials in autistic children and three different control groups. Biol Psychiatry 38(3):150–165PubMed
Kiang M, Light GA, Prugh J, Coulson S, Braff DL, Kutas M (2007) Cognitive, neurophysiological, and functional correlates of proverb interpretation abnormalities in schizophrenia. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 13(4):653–663PubMed
Kisley MA, Davalos DB, Engleman LL, Guinther PM, Davis HP (2005) Age-related change in neural processing of time-dependent stimulus features. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 25(3):913–925PubMed
Koelsch S (2009) Music–syntactic processing and auditory memory: similarities and differences between ERAN and MMN. Psychophysiology 46(1):179–190PubMed
Koelsch S, Schröger E, Tervaniemi M (1999) Superior pre-attentive auditory processing in musicians. Neuroreport 10(6):1309–1313PubMed
Koelsch S, Schröger E, Tervaniemi M (2012) Neural evidence of allophonic perception in children at risk for dyslexia. Neuroreport 10(6):1309–1313
Kohlmetz C, Altenmüller E, Schuppert M, Wieringa BM, Münte TF (2001) Deficit in automatic sound-change detection may underlie some music perception deficits after acute hemispheric stroke. Neuropsychologia 39(11):1121–1124PubMed
Korostenskaja M, Pardos M, Fujiwara H, Kujala T, Horn P, Rose D, Byars A (2010) Neuromagnetic evidence of impaired cortical auditory processing in pediatric intractable epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 92(1):63–73PubMed
Korpilahti P, Lang HA (1994) Auditory ERP components and mismatch negativity in dysphasic children. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 91(4):256–264PubMed
Kraus N, McGee T, Carrell TD, Sharma A (1995) Neurophysiologic bases of speech discrimination. Ear Hear 16(1):19–37PubMed
Krystal J, D’Souza DC, Mathalon D, Perry E, Belger A, Hoffman R (2003) NMDA receptor antagonist effects, cortical glutamatergic function, and schizophrenia: toward a paradigm shift in medication development. Psychopharmacology 169:215–233PubMed
Kuhl PK, Coffey-Corina S, Padden D, Dawson G (2005) Links between social and linguistic processing of speech in preschool children with autism: behavioral and electrophysiological measures. Dev Sci 8(1):F1–F12PubMed
Kuhl PK, Conboy BT, Coffey-Corina S, Padden D, Rivera-Gaxiola M, Nelson T (2008) Phonetic learning as a pathway to language: new data and native language magnet theory expanded (NLM-e). Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 363(1493):979–1000
Kujala T, Lepistö T, Nieminen-von Wendt T, Näätänen P, Näätänen R (2005) Neurophysiological evidence for cortical discrimination impairment of prosody in Asperger syndrome. Neurosci Lett 383(3):260–265PubMed
Kujala T, Lepistö T, Näätänen R (2013) The neural basis of aberrant speech and audition in autism spectrum disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37:697–704PubMed
Kushnerenko E, Winkler I, Horváth J, Näätänen R, Pavlov I, Fellman V, Huotilainen M (2007) Processing acoustic change and novelty in newborn infants. Eur J Neurosci 26(1):265–274PubMed
Lalo E, Vercueil L, Bougerol T, Jouk PS, Debû B (2005) Late event-related potentials and movement complexity in young adults with Down syndrome. Neurophysiol Clin 35(2–3):81–91PubMed
Lang HA, Nyrke T, Ek M, Aaltonen O, Raimo I, Näätänen R (1990) Pitch discrimination performance and auditory event-related potentials. In: Brunia CHM, Gaillard AWK, Kok A, Mulder G, Verbaten MN (eds) Psychophysiological brain research 1990, vol 1. Tilburg University Press, Tilburg, pp 294–298
Lavoie S, Murray MM, Deppen P, Knyazeva MG, Berk M, Boulat O, Bovet P, Bush AI, Conus P, Copolov D, Fornari E, Meuli R, Solida A, Vianin P, Cuénod M, Buclin T, Do KQ (2008) Glutathione precursor, N-acetyl-cysteine, improves mismatch negativity in schizophrenia patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 33(9):2187–2199PubMed
Lepistö T, Kujala T, Vanhala R, Alku P, Huotilainen M, Näätänen R (2005) The discrimination of and orienting to speech and non-speech sounds in children with autism. Brain Res 1066(1–2):147–157PubMed
Lepistö T, Kajander M, Vanhala R, Alku P, Huotilainen M, Näätänen R, Kujala T (2008) The perception of invariant speech features in children with autism. Biol Psychol 77(1):25–31PubMed
Leppänen PH, Pihko E, Eklund KM, Lyytinen H (1999) Cortical responses of infants with and without a genetic risk for dyslexia: II. Group effects. Neuroreport 10(5):969–973PubMed
Leppänen PH, Richardson U, Pihko E, Eklund KM, Guttorm TK, Aro M, Lyytinen H (2002) Brain responses to changes in speech sound durations differ between infants with and without familial risk for dyslexia. Dev Neuropsychol 22(1):407–422PubMed
Liasis A, Towell A, Boyd S (2000) Intracranial evidence for differential encoding of frequency and duration discrimination responses. Ear Hear 21(3):252–256PubMed
Liasis A, Towell A, Alho K, Boyd S (2001) Intracranial identification of an electric frontal-cortex response to auditory stimulus change: a case study. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 11(2):227–233PubMed
Lieder F, Stephan KE, Daunizeau J, Garrido MI, Friston KJ (2013) A neurocomputational model of the mismatch negativity. PLoS Comput Biol 9(11):e1003288PubMedCentralPubMed
Light GA, Braff DL (2005a) Mismatch negativity deficits are associated with poor functioning in schizophrenia patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62(2):127–136PubMed
Light GA, Braff DL (2005b) Stability of mismatch negativity deficits and their relationship to functional impairments in chronic schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 162(9):1741–1743PubMed
Light G, Näätänen R (2013) Mismatch negativity is a breakthrough biomarker for understanding and treating psychotic disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(38):15175–15176PubMedCentralPubMed
Lin YY, Hsiao FJ, Shih YH, Yiu CH, Yen DJ, Kwan SY, Wong TT, Wu ZA, Ho LT (2007) Plastic phase-locking and magnetic mismatch response to auditory deviants in temporal lobe epilepsy. Cereb Cortex 17:2516–2525PubMed
Liu R, Holt LL (2011) Neural changes associated with nonspeech auditory category learning parallel those of speech category acquisition. J Cogn Neurosci 23(3):683–698PubMedCentralPubMed
Macdonald M, Campbell K (2011) Effects of a violation of an expected increase or decrease in intensity on detection of change within an auditory pattern. Brain Cogn 77(3):438–445PubMed
Magno E, Yeap S, Thakore JH, Garavan H, De Sanctis P, Foxe JJ (2008) Are auditory-evoked frequency and duration mismatch negativity deficits endophenotypic for schizophrenia? High-density electrical mapping in clinically unaffected first-degree relatives and first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 64(5):385–391PubMedCentralPubMed
Magnusson KR, Brim BL, Das SR (2010) Selective vulnerabilities of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors during brain aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2:11PubMedCentralPubMed
Maiste AC, Wiens AS, Hunt MJ, Scherg M, Picton TW (1995) Event-related potentials and the categorical perception of speech sounds. Ear Hear 16(1):68–90PubMed
Martin N, Kohen F, Kalinyak-Fliszar M, Soveri A, Laine M (2012) Effects of working memory load on processing of sounds and meanings of words in aphasia. Aphasiology 26(3–4):462–493PubMedCentralPubMed
May PJ, Tiitinen H (2010) Mismatch negativity (MMN), the deviance-elicited auditory deflection, explained. Psychophysiology 47(1):66–122PubMed
Miyajima M, Ohta K, Hara K, Iino H, Maehara T, Hara M, Matsuura M, Matsushima E (2011) Abnormal mismatch negativity for pure-tone sounds in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 94(3):149–157PubMed
Morr ML, Shafer VL, Kreuzer JA, Kurtzberg D (2002) Maturation of mismatch negativity in typically developing infants and preschool children. Ear Hear 23(2):118–136PubMed
Mowszowski L, Hermens DF, Diamond K, Norrie L, Hickie IB, Lewis SJ, Naismith SL (2012) Reduced mismatch negativity in mild cognitive impairment: associations with neuropsychological performance. J Alzheimers Dis 30(1):209–219PubMed
Müller D, Widmann A, Schröger E (2005) Auditory streaming affects the processing of successive deviant and standard sounds. Psychophysiology 42(6):668–676PubMed
Murphy JR, Rawdon C, Kelleher I, Twomey D, Markey PS, Cannon M, Roche RA (2013) Reduced duration mismatch negativity in adolescents with psychotic symptoms: further evidence for mismatch negativity as a possible biomarker for vulnerability to psychosis. BMC Psychiatry 13:45PubMedCentralPubMed
Näätänen R (1975) Selective attention and evoked potentials in humans—a critical review. Biol Psychol 2(4):237–307PubMed
Näätänen R (2001) The perception of speech sounds by the human brain as reflected by the mismatch negativity (MMN) and its magnetic equivalent (MMNm). Psychophysiology 38:1–21PubMed
Näätänen R, Kujala T (2011) The mismatch negativity and its magnetic equivalent: an index of language impairment or more general cognitive decline in autism? Biol Psychiatry 70(3):212–213PubMed
Näätänen R, Michie PT (1979) Early selective-attention effects on the evoked potential: a critical review and reinterpretation. Biol Psychol 8(2):81–136PubMed
Näätänen R, Gaillard AW, Mäntysalo S (1978) Early selective-attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted. Acta Psychol (Amst) 42(4):313–329
Näätänen R, Simpson M, Loveless NE (1982) Stimulus deviance and evoked potentials. Biol Psychol 14(1–2):53–98PubMed
Näätänen R, Paavilainen P, Tiitinen H, Jiang D, Alho K (1993) Attention and mismatch negativity. Psychophysiology 30(5):436–450PubMed
Näätänen R, Lehtokoski A, Lennes M, Cheour M, Huotilainen M, Iivonen A, Vainio M, Alku P, Ilmoniemi RJ, Luuk A, Allik J, Sinkkonen J, Alho K (1997) Language-specific phoneme representations revealed by electric and magnetic brain responses. Nature 385(6615):432–444PubMed
Näätänen R, Tervaniemi M, Sussman E, Paavilainen P, Winkler I (2001) “Primitive intelligence” in the auditory cortex. Trends Neurosci 24(5):283–288PubMed
Näätänen R, Pakarinen S, Rinne T, Takegata R (2004) The mismatch negativity (MMN): towards the optimal paradigm. Clin Neurophysiol 115(1):140–144PubMed
Näätänen R, Paavilainen P, Rinne T, Alho K (2007) The mismatch negativity (MMN) in basic research of central auditory processing: a review. Clin Neurophysiol 118(12):2544–2590PubMed
Näätänen R, Astikainen P, Ruusuvirta T, Huotilainen M (2010) Automatic auditory intelligence: an expression of the sensory-cognitive core of cognitive processes. Brain Res Rev 64(1):123–136PubMed
Näätänen R, Kujala T, Kreegipuu K, Carlson S, Escera C, Baldeweg T, Ponton C (2011a) The mismatch negativity: an index of cognitive decline in neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases and in ageing. Brain 134(Pt 12):3435–3453PubMed
Näätänen R, Kujala T, Winkler I (2011b) Auditory processing that leads to conscious perception: a unique window to central auditory processing opened by the mismatch negativity and related responses. Psychophysiology 48(1):4–22PubMed
Näätänen R, Kujala T, Escera C, Baldeweg T, Kreegipuu K, Carlson S, Ponton C (2012) The mismatch negativity (MMN)—a unique window to disturbed central auditory processing in ageing and different clinical conditions. Clin Neurophysiol 123(3):424–458PubMed
Nagai T, Tada M, Kirihara K, Araki T, Jinde S, Kasai K (2013) Mismatch negativity as a “translatable” brain marker toward early intervention for psychosis: a review. Front Psychiatry 4:115PubMedCentralPubMed
Nager W, Teder-Sälejärvi W, Kunze S, Münte TF (2003) Preattentive evaluation of multiple perceptual streams in human audition. Neuroreport 14(6):871–874PubMed
Newcomer JW, Selke G, Melson AK, Gross J, Vogler GP, Dagogo-Jack S (1998) Dose-dependent cortisol-induced increases in plasma leptin concentration in humans. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55:995–1000PubMed
Nittrouer S (2012) A new perspective on developmental language problems: perceptual organization deficits. Perspect Lang Learn Educ 19(3):87–97PubMedCentralPubMed
Noordenbos MW, Segers E, Serniclaes W, Mitterer H, Verhoeven L (2012) Neural evidence of allophonic perception in children at risk for dyslexia. Neuropsychologia 50(8):2010–2017PubMed
Oades RD, Wild-Wall N, Juran SA, Sachsse J, Oknina LB, Röpcke B (2006) Auditory change detection in schizophrenia: sources of activity, related neuropsychological function and symptoms in patients with a first episode in adolescence, and patients 14 years after an adolescent illness-onset. BMC Psychiatry 6:7PubMedCentralPubMed
Olney JW, Farber N (1995) NMDA antagonists as neurotherapeutic drugs, psychotogens, neurotoxins, and research tools for studying schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 13(4):335–345PubMed
Opitz B, Rinne T, Mecklinger A, von Cramon DY, Schröger E (2002) Differential contribution of frontal and temporal cortices to auditory change detection: fMRI and ERP results. Neuroimage 15(1):167–174PubMed
Oram Cardy JE, Flagg EJ, Roberts W, Roberts TP (2005) Delayed mismatch field for speech and non-speech sounds in children with autism. Neuroreport 16(5):521–525PubMed
Paavilainen P (2013) The mismatch-negativity (MMN) component of the auditory event-related potential to violations of abstract regularities: a review. Int J Psychophysiol 88(2):109–123PubMed
Paavilainen P, Arajärvi P, Takegata R (2007) Preattentive detection of nonsalient contingencies between auditory features. Neuroreport 18(2):159–163PubMed
Pekkonen E, Rinne T, Näätänen R (1995) Variability and replicability of the mismatch negativity. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 96(6):546–554PubMed
Perez VB, Swerdlow NR, Braff DL, Näätänen R, Light GA (2014a) Using biomarkers to inform diagnosis, guide treatments and track response to interventions in psychotic illnesses. Biomark Med 8:9–14PubMed
Perez VB, Woods SW, Roach BJ, Ford JM, McGlashan TH, Srihari VH, Mathalon DH (2014b) Automatic auditory processing deficits in schizophrenia and clinical high-risk patients: forecasting psychosis risk with mismatch negativity. Biol Psychiatry 75(6):459–469PubMed
Peter V, McArthur G, Thompson WF (2012) Discrimination of stress in speech and music: a mismatch negativity (MMN) study. Psychophysiology 49(12):1590–1600PubMed
Pettigrew C, Murdoch B, Kei J, Ponton C, Alku P, Chenery H (2005) The mismatch negativity (MMN) response to complex tones and spoken words in individuals with aphasia. Aphasiology 19(2):131–163
Phillips C, Marantz A, McGinnis M, Pesetsky D, Wexler K, Yellin E (1995) Brain mechanisms of speech perception: a preliminary report. In: Schutze CT, Ganger JB, Broihier K (eds) MIT Working Papers in Linguistics, vol 26. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 125–163
Pieszek M, Widmann A, Gruber T, Schröger E (2013) The human brain maintains contradictory and redundant auditory sensory predictions. PLoS ONE 8(1):e53634PubMedCentralPubMed
Pulvermüller F, Shtyrov Y, Hasting AS, Carlyon RP (2008) Syntax as a reflex: neurophysiological evidence for early automaticity of grammatical processing. Brain Lang 104(3):244–253PubMed
Rahne T, Sussman E (2009) Neural representations of auditory input accommodate to the context in a dynamically changing acoustic environment. Eur J Neurosci 29(1):205–211PubMedCentralPubMed
Rahne T, Böckmann M, von Specht H, Sussman ES (2007) Visual cues can modulate integration and segregation of objects in auditory scene analysis. Brain Res 1144:127–135PubMedCentralPubMed
Rapin I, Schimmel H, Tourk LM, Krasnegor NA, Pollak C (1966) Evoked responses to clicks and tones of varying intensity in waking adults. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 21(4):335–344PubMed
Reite M, Teale P, Rojas DC, Reite E, Asherin R, Hernandez O (2009) MEG auditory evoked fields suggest altered structural/functional asymmetry in primary but not secondary auditory cortex in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 11(4):371–381PubMedCentralPubMed
Rinker T, Kohls G, Richter C, Maas V, Schulz E, Schecker M (2007) Abnormal frequency discrimination in children with SLI as indexed by mismatch negativity (MMN). Neurosci Lett 413(2):99–104PubMed
Rinne T, Särkkä A, Degerman A, Schröger E, Alho K (2006) Two separate mechanisms underlie auditory change detection and involuntary control of attention. Brain Res 1077(1):135–143PubMed
Rissling AJ, Park SH, Young JW, Rissling MB, Sugar CA, Sprock J, Mathias DJ, Pela M, Sharp RF, Braff DL, Light GA (2013) Demand and modality of directed attention modulate “pre-attentive” sensory processes in schizophrenia patients and nonpsychiatric controls. Schizophr Res 146(1–3):326–335PubMedCentralPubMed
Roberts TP, Cannon KM, Tavabi K, Blaskey L, Khan SY, Monroe JF, Qasmieh S, Levy SE, Edgar JC (2011) Auditory magnetic mismatch field latency: a biomarker for language impairment in autism. Biol Psychiatry 70(3):263–269PubMedCentralPubMed
Rohrmeier MA, Koelsch S (2012) Predictive information processing in music cognition. A critical review. Int J Psychophysiol 83(2):164–175PubMed
Rosburg T, Trautner P, Dietl T, Korzyukov OA, Boutros NN, Schaller C, Elger CE, Kurthen M (2005) Subdural recordings of the mismatch negativity (MMN) in patients with focal epilepsy. Brain 128(Pt 4):819–828PubMed
Saarinen J, Paavilainen P, Schöger E, Tervaniemi M, Näätänen R (1992) Representation of abstract attributes of auditory stimuli in the human brain. Neuroreport 3(12):1149–1151PubMed
Salisbury DF (2012) Finding the missing stimulus mismatch negativity (MMN): emitted MMN to violations of an auditory gestalt. Psychophysiology 49(4):544–548PubMedCentralPubMed
Salisbury DF, Shenton ME, Griggs CB, Bonner-Jackson A, McCarley RW (2002) Mismatch negativity in chronic schizophrenia and first-episode schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 59(8):686–694PubMed
Salisbury DF, Kuroki N, Kasai K, Shenton ME, McCarley RW (2007) Progressive and interrelated functional and structural evidence of post-onset brain reduction in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64(5):521–529PubMedCentralPubMed
Sandridge SA, Boothroyd AJ (1996) Using naturally produced speech to elicit the mismatch negativity. J Am Acad Audiol 7(2):105–112PubMed
Santos MA, Munhoz MS, Peixoto MA, Haase VG, Rodrigues JL, Resende LM (2006) Mismatch negativity contribution in multiple sclerosis patients. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 72(6):800–807PubMed
Särkämö T, Tervaniemi M, Laitinen S, Forsblom A, Soinila S, Mikkonen M, Autti T, Silvennoinen HM, Erkkilä J, Laine M, Peretz I, Hietanen M (2008) Music listening enhances cognitive recovery and mood after middle cerebral artery stroke. Brain 313(Pt 3):866–876
Särkämö T, Pihko E, Laitinen S, Forsblom A, Soinila S, Mikkonen M, Autti T, Silvennoinen HM, Erkkilä J, Laine M, Peretz I, Hietanen M, Tervaniemi M (2010) Music and speech listening enhance the recovery of early sensory processing after stroke. J Cogn Neurosci 22(12):2716–2727PubMed
Schechtman E, Shrem T, Deouell LY (2012) Spatial localization of auditory stimuli in human auditory cortex is based on both head-independent and head-centered coordinate systems. J Neurosci 32(39):13501–13509PubMed
Schroeder MM, Ritter W, Vaughan HG Jr (1995) The mismatch negativity to novel stimuli reflects cognitive decline. Ann NY Acad Sci 769:399–401PubMed
Schröger E, Paavilainen P, Näätänen R (1994) Mismatch negativity to changes in a continuous tone with regularly varying frequencies. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 92(2):140–147PubMed
Schröger E, Bendixen A, Denham SL, Mill RW, Bőhm TM, Winkler I (2013) Predictive regularity representations in violation detection and auditory stream segregation: from conceptual to computational models. Brain Topogr. doi:10.​1007/​s10548-013-0334-6
Sculthorpe LD, Ouellet DR, Campbell KB (2009) MMN elicitation during natural sleep to violations of an auditory pattern. Brain Res 1290:52–62PubMed
Seppänen M, Brattico E, Tervaniemi M (2007) Practice strategies of musicians modulate neural processing and the learning of sound-patterns. Neurobiol Learn Mem 87(2):236–247PubMed
Shafer VL, Morr ML, Kreuzer JA, Kurtzberg D (2000) Maturation of mismatch negativity in school-age children. Ear Hear 21(3):242–251PubMed
Shafer VL, Schwartz RG, Kurtzberg D (2004) Language-specific memory traces of consonants in the brain. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 18(3):242–254PubMed
Shafer VL, Morr ML, Datta H, Kurtzberg D, Schwartz RG (2005) Neurophysiological indexes of speech processing deficits in children with specific language impairment. J Cogn Neurosci 17(7):1168–1180PubMed
Shafer VL, Yu YH, Datta H (2010) Maturation of speech discrimination in four to seven-year old children as indexed by event-related potential mismatch responses. Ear Hear 31(6):735–745PubMed
Shafer VL, Yu Y, Datta H (2011) The development of English vowel perception in monolingual and bilingual infants: neurophysiological correlates. J Phon 39:527–541PubMedCentralPubMed
Shafer VL, Yu Y, Datta H (2012) Electrophysiological indices of vowel discrimination in monolingually and bilingually exposed infants. Neurosci Lett 526(1):10–14PubMedCentralPubMed
Shaikh M, Valmaggia L, Broome MR, Dutt A, Lappin J, Day F, Woolley J, Tabraham P, Walshe M, Johns L, Fusar-Poli P, Howes O, Murray RM, McGuire P, Bramon E (2012) Reduced mismatch negativity predates the onset of psychosis. Schizophr Res 134(1):42–48PubMed
Sharma A, Dorman MF (1998) Exploration of the perceptual magnet effect using the mismatch negativity auditory evoked potential. J Acoust Soc Am 104(1):511–517PubMed
Sharma A, Kraus N, McGee T, Carrell T, Nicol T (1993) Acoustic versus phonetic representation of speech as reflected by the mismatch negativity event-related potential. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 88(1):64–71PubMed
Shelley AM, Ward PB, Catts SV, Michie PT, Andrews S, McConaghy N (1991) Mismatch negativity: an index of a preattentive processing deficit in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 30(10):1059–1062PubMed
Shtyrov Y, Pulvermüller F, Näätänen R, Ilmoniemi RJ (2003) Grammar processing outside the focus of attention: an MEG study. J Cogn Neurosci 15(8):1195–1206PubMed
Simson R, Vaughan HG, Ritter W (1976) The scalp topography of potentials associated with missing visual or auditory stimuli. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 40(1):33–42PubMed
Simson R, Vaughn HG Jr, Ritter W (1977) The scalp topography of potentials in auditory and visual discrimination tasks. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 42(4):528–535PubMed
Sonnadara RR, Alain C, Trainor LJ (2006) Effects of spatial separation and stimulus probability on the event-related potentials elicited by occasional changes in sound location. Brain Res 1071(1):175–185PubMed
Squires NK, Squires KC, Hillyard SA (1975) Two varieties of long-latency positive waves evoked by unpredictable auditory stimuli in man. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 38:387–401PubMed
Squires KC, Wickens C, Squires NK, Donchin E (1976) The effect of stimulus sequence on the waveform of the cortical event-related potential. Science 193(4258):1142–1146PubMed
Steinberg J, Truckenbrodt H, Jacobsen T (2010) Preattentive phonotactic processing as indexed by the mismatch negativity. J Cogn Neurosci 22(10):2174–2185PubMed
Stephan KE, Baldeweg T, Friston KJ (2006) Synaptic plasticity and dysconnection in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 59(10):929–939PubMed
Stoodley CJ, Hill PR, Stein JF, Bishop DV (2006) Auditory event-related potentials differ in dyslexics even when auditory psychophysical performance is normal. Brain Res 1121(1):190–199PubMed
Sussman ES (2005) Integration and segregation in auditory scene analysis. J Acoust Soc Am 117(3 Pt 1):1285–1298PubMed
Sussman E (2007) A new view on the MMN and attention debate: auditory context effects. J Psychophysiol 21(3–4):164–175
Sussman E, Steinschneider M (2006) Neurophysiological evidence for context-dependent encoding of sensory input in human auditory cortex. Brain Res 1075(1):165–174PubMedCentralPubMed
Sussman E, Winkler I (2001) Dynamic sensory updating in the auditory system. Cogn Brain Res 12:431–439
Sussman E, Ritter W, Vaughan HG Jr (1998) Attention affects the organization of auditory input associated with the mismatch negativity system. Brain Res 789(1):130–138PubMed
Sussman E, Ritter W, Vaughan HG Jr (1999) An investigation of the auditory streaming effect using event-related brain potentials. Psychophysiology 36(1):22–34PubMed
Sussman E, Kujala T, Halmetoja J, Lyytinen H, Alku P, Näätänen R (2004) Automatic and controlled processing of acoustic and phonetic contrasts. Hear Res 190(1–2):128–140PubMed
Sussman E, Bregman AS, Wang WJ, Khan FJ (2005) Attentional modulation of electrophysiological activity in auditory cortex for unattended sounds in multistream auditory environments. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 5(1):93–110PubMed
Sussman E, Horváth J, Winkler I, Orr M (2007) The role of attention in the formation of auditory streams. Percept Psychophys 69(1):136–152PubMed
Takei Y, Kumano S, Maki Y, Hattori S, Kawakubo Y, Kasai K, Fukuda M, Mikuni M (2010) Preattentive dysfunction in bipolar disorder: a MEG study using mismatch negativity. Prog Neuropsychophysiol 34:903–912
Tallal P, Miller S, Fitch RH (1993) Neurobiological basis of speech: a case for the preeminence of temporal processing. Ann NY Acad Sci 682:27–47PubMed
Tervaniemi M, Maury S, Näätänen R (1994) Neural representations of abstract stimulus features in the human brain as reflected by the mismatch negativity. Neuroreport 5(7):844–846PubMed
Tervaniemi M, Rytkönen M, Schröger E, Ilmoniemi RJ, Näätänen R (2001) Superior formation of cortical memory traces for melodic patterns in musicians. Learn Mem 8(5):295–300PubMedCentralPubMed
Tervaniemi M, Castaneda A, Knoll M, Uther M (2006) Sound processing in amateur musicians and nonmusicians: event-related potential and behavioural indices. Neuroreport 17:1225–1228PubMed
Todd J, Mullens D (2011) Implementing conditional inference in the auditory system: what matters? Psychophysiology 48(10):1434–1443PubMed
Todd J, Robinson J (2010) The use of conditional inference to reduce prediction error—a mismatch negativity (MMN) study. Neuropsychologia 48(10):3009–3018PubMed
Trainor L, McFadden M, Hodgson L, Darragh L, Barlow J, Matsos L, Sonnadara R (2003) Changes in auditory cortex and the development of mismatch negativity between 2 and 6 months of age. Int J Psychophysiol 51(1):5–15PubMed
Tremblay K, Kraus N, Carrell TD, McGee T (1997) Central auditory system plasticity: generalization to novel stimuli following listening training. J Acoust Soc Am 102(6):3762–3773PubMed
Umbricht D, Krljes S (2005) Mismatch negativity in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 76(1):1–23PubMed
Umbricht D, Schmid L, Koller R, Vollenweider FX, Hell D, Javitt D (2000) Ketamine-induced deficits in auditory and visual context-dependent processing in healthy volunteers. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57:1139–1147PubMed
Umbricht D, Koller R, Vollenweider FX, Schmid L (2002) Mismatch negativity predicts psychotic experiences induced by NMDA receptor antagonist in healthy volunteers. Biol Psychiatry 51:400–406PubMed
Umbricht D, Koller R, Schmid L, Skrabo A, Grübel C, Huber T, Stassen H (2003) How specific are deficits in mismatch negativity generation to schizophrenia? Biol Psychiatry 53(12):1120–1131PubMed
Umbricht D, Bates JA, Lieberman JA, Kane JM, Javitt DC (2006) Electrophysiological indices of automatic and controlled auditory information processing in first-episode, recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 59:762–772PubMed
Uwer R, Albrecht R, von Suchodoletz W (2002) Automatic processing of tones and speech stimuli in children with specific language impairment. Dev Med Child Neurol 44(8):527–532PubMed
van Leeuwen T, Been P, Kuijpers C, Zwarts F, Maassen B, van der Leij A (2006) Mismatch response is absent in 2-month-old infants at risk for dyslexia. Neuroreport 17(4):351–355PubMed
van Zuijen T, Sussman E, Winkler I, Näätänen R, Tervaniemi M (2004) Grouping of sequential sounds—an event-related potential study comparing musicians and non-musicians. J Cogn Neurosci 16(2):331–338PubMed
van Zuijen T, Sussman E, Winkler I, Näätänen R, Tervaniemi M (2005) Auditory organization of sound sequences by a temporal or numerical regularity—a mismatch negativity study comparing musicians and nonmusicians. Cogn Brain Res 23:270–276
van Zuijen TL, Plakas A, Maassen BA, Maurits NM, van der Leij A (2013) Infant ERPs separate children at risk of dyslexia who become good readers from those who become poor readers. Dev Sci 16(4):554–563PubMed
Vecchio F, Määttä S (2011) The use of auditory event-related potentials in Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011:1–7
Wacongne C, Changeux JP, Dehaene S (2012) A neuronal model of predictive coding accounting for the mismatch negativity. J Neurosci 32(11):3665–3678PubMed
Weber C, Hahne A, Friedrich M, Friederici AD (2004) Discrimination of word stress in early infant perception: electrophysiological evidence. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 18(2):149–161PubMed
Weise A, Bendixen A, Müller D, Schröger E (2012) Which kind of transition is important for sound representation? An event-related potential study. Brain Res 1464:30–42PubMed
Wertz RT, Auther LL, Burch-Sims GP, Abou-Khalik RA, Kirshner HS, Duncan GW (1998) A comparison of the mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related potential to tone and speech stimuli in normal and aphasic adults. Aphasiology 12:499–507
Winkler I (2007) Interpreting the mismatch negativity. J Psychophysiol 21:147–163
Winkler I, Czigler I (2012) Evidence from auditory and visual event-related potential (ERP) studies of deviance detection (MMN and vMMN) linking predictive coding theories and perceptual object representations. Int J Psychophysiol 83(2):132–143PubMed
Winkler I, Karmos G, Näätänen R (1996) Adaptive modeling of the unattended acoustic environment reflected in the mismatch negativity event-related. Brain Res 742(2):239–252PubMed
Winkler I, Kujala T, Tiitinen H, Sivonen P, Alku P, Lehtokoski A, Czigler I, Csépe V, Ilmoniemi RJ, Näätänen R (1999) Brain responses reveal the learning of foreign language phonemes. Psychophysiology 36(5):638–642PubMed
Woldorff MG, Hackley SA, Hillyard SA (1991) The effects of channel-selective attention on the mismatch negativity wave elicited by deviant tones. Psychophysiology 28(1):30–42PubMed
Yang FF, McPherson B, Shu H, Xiao Y (2012) Central auditory nervous system dysfunction in infants with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 76(1):82–89PubMed
Zion-Golumbic E, Deouell LY, Whalen DH, Bentin S (2007) Representation of harmonic frequencies in auditory memory: a mismatch negativity study. Psychophysiology 44(5):671–679PubMed
Metadata
Title
Mismatch Negativity (MMN) as an Index of Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors
Risto Näätänen
Elyse S. Sussman
Dean Salisbury
Valerie L. Shafer
Publication date
01-07-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Brain Topography / Issue 4/2014
Print ISSN: 0896-0267
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6792
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-014-0374-6

Other articles of this Issue 4/2014

Brain Topography 4/2014 Go to the issue

Review

The Mechanisms and Meaning of the Mismatch Negativity

Review

An Overview of Stimulus-Specific Adaptation in the Auditory Thalamus

Review

Predictive Regularity Representations in Violation Detection and Auditory Stream Segregation: From Conceptual to Computational Models

Review

The Five Myths of MMN: Redefining How to Use MMN in Basic and Clinical Research

Review

Visual Mismatch Negativity and Categorization

Review

An Integrative Model of Subcortical Auditory Plasticity