Top

Published in:

Open Access 28-08-2021 | COVID-19 | Original Investigation

Self-rated resilience and mobility limitations as predictors of change in active aging during COVID-19 restrictions in Finland: a longitudinal study

Authors: Sini Siltanen, Erja Portegijs, Milla Saajanaho, Katja Pynnönen, Katja Kokko, Taina Rantanen

Published in: European Journal of Ageing | Issue 3/2022

Abstract

Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased older people’s opportunities to lead an active life. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether walking difficulties predict changes in leading an active life during the COVID-19 social distancing recommendation compared to 2 years before, and whether self-rated resilience moderates this association among older people. Data were collected during social distancing recommendation in May and June 2020 and 2 years before (2017–18) among community-living AGNES study participants initially aged 75, 80, or 85 years (n = 809). Leading an active life was assessed with the University of Jyväskylä Active Aging Scale (UJACAS; total score range 0–272) and resilience with the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (0–40). Self-reported walking difficulties over a 2 km distance were categorized into no difficulty, difficulty, and unable to walk. The total UJACAS score declined 24.9 points (SD 23.5) among those without walking difficulty, 27.0 (SD 25.0) among those reporting walking difficulty and 19.5 (SD 31.2) among those unable to walk 2 km. When adjusted for baseline UJACAS score, those unable to walk 2 km demonstrated the greatest decline. Baseline resilience moderated this association: Higher resilience was associated with less declines in UJACAS scores among persons with or without walking difficulty, and with more declines among persons unable to walk 2 km. When opportunities for leading an active life are compromised, those with less physical and psychological resources become particularly vulnerable to further declines in activity.

Brandtstädter J, Renner G (1990) Tenacious goal pursuit and flexible goal adjustment: explication and age-related analysis of assimilative and accommodative strategies of coping. Psychol Aging 5:58–67CrossRef

Brandtstädter J, Rothermund K (2002) The life-course dynamics of goal pursuit and goal adjustment: a two-process framework. Dev Rev 22(1):117–150CrossRef

Campbell-Sills L, Stein MB (2007) Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor–Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC): validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. J Trauma Stress 20(6):1019–1028CrossRef

Carpentieri JD, Elliott J, Brett CE, Deary IJ (2017) Adapting to aging: older people talk about their use of selection, optimization, and compensation to maximize well-being in the context of physical decline. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 72(2):351–361

Deci EL, Ryan RM (2000) The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychol Inq 11(4):227–268CrossRef

Demnitz N, Esser P, Dawes H, Valkanova V, Johansen-Berg H, Ebmeier KP, Sexton C (2016) A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies examining the relationship between mobility and cognition in healthy older adults. Gait Posture 50:164–174CrossRef

Dyer JG, McGuinness TM (1996) Resilience: analysis of the concept. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 10(5):276–282CrossRef

Finnish Government Communications Department, Press Release 140/2020 (16.3.2020) Government, in cooperation with the President of the Republic, declares a state of emergency in Finland over coronavirus outbreak. https://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/-/10616/hallitus-totesi-suomen-olevan-poikkeusoloissa-koronavirustilanteen-vuoksi. Cited 10 Nov 2020

Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR (1975) “Mini-mental state”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12(3):189–198CrossRef

Hayes AF (2017) Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach, 2nd edn. The Guilford Press, New York

Mänty M, Heinonen A, Leinonen R, Törmäkangas T, Sakari-Rantala R, Hirvensalo M, von Bonsdorff MB, Rantanen T (2007) Construct and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of preclinical mobility limitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 88(9):1108–1113CrossRef

Portegijs E, Karavirta L, Saajanaho M, Rantalainen T, Rantanen T (2019) Assessing physical performance and physical activity in large population-based aging studies: home-based assessments or visits to the research center? BMC Public Health 19(1):1570CrossRef

Portegijs E, Keskinen KE, Tuomola EM, Hinrichs T, Saajanaho M, Rantanen T (2021) Older adults’ activity destinations before and during COVID-19 restrictions: from a variety of activities to mostly physical exercise close to home. Health Place. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102533CrossRef

Rantakokko M, Iwarsson S, Hirvensalo M, Leinonen R, Heikkinen E, Rantanen T (2010) Unmet physical activity need in old age. J Am Geriatr Soc 58(4):707–712CrossRef

Rantanen T, Saajanaho M, Karavirta L, Siltanen S, Rantakokko M, Viljanen A, Rantalainen T, Pynnönen K, Karvonen A, Lisko I (2018) Active aging–resilience and external support as modifiers of the disablement outcome: AGNES cohort study protocol. BMC Public Health 18(1):565CrossRef

Rantanen T, Portegijs E, Kokko K, Rantakokko M, Törmäkangas T, Saajanaho M (2019) Developing an assessment method of active aging: University of Jyvaskyla Active Aging Scale. J Aging Health 31(6):1–23CrossRef

Rantanen T, Eronen J, Kauppinen M, Kokko K, Sanaslahti S, Kajan N, Portegijs E (2020) Life-space mobility and active aging as factors underlying quality of life among older people before and during COVID-19 pandemic social distancing in Finland—a longitudinal study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa274CrossRef

Rantanen T, Portegijs E (2020) Koronan aiheuttamat muutokset 75-, 80- ja 85-vuotiaiden liikkumiseen kodin ulkopuolella (in Finnish). In: Kantomaa M (ed) Koronapandemian vaikutukset väestön liikuntaan. Valtion liikuntaneuvoston julkaisuja 2020:2

Rutter M (2006) Implications of resilience concepts for scientific understanding. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1094(1):1–12CrossRef

Sakurai R, Yasunaga M, Nishi M, Fukaya T, Hasebe M, Murayama Y, Koike T, Matsunaga H, Nonaka K, Suzuki H, Saito M, Kobayashi E, Fujiwara Y (2019) Co-existence of social isolation and homebound status increase the risk of all-cause mortality. Int Psychogeriatr 31(5):703–711CrossRef

Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Pérez-Rodríguez P, Ganz F, Torralba R, Oliveira DV, Rodríguez-Mañas L (2020) Impact of social isolation due to COVID-19 on health in older people: mental and physical effects and recommendations. J Nutr Health Aging. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-020-1469-2

Siltanen S, Tourunen A, Saajanaho M, Palmberg L, Portegijs E, Rantanen T (2020) Psychological resilience and active aging among older people with mobility limitations. Eur J Ageing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-020-00569-4CrossRef

Tourunen A, Siltanen S, Saajanaho M, Koivunen K, Kokko K, Rantanen T (2019) Psychometric properties of the 10-item Connor–Davidson resilience scale among Finnish older adults. Aging Ment Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1683812CrossRef

Van Kessel G (2013) The ability of older people to overcome adversity: a review of the resilience concept. Geriatr Nurs 34(2):122–127CrossRef

Verbrugge LM, Jette AM (1994) The disablement process. Soc Sci Med 38(1):1–14CrossRef

WHO (2020) Overview of public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19—Interim guidance. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/overview-of-public-health-and-social-measures-in-the-context-of-covid-19. Accessed 10 Nov 2020

Yamada M, Kimura Y, Ishiyama D, Otobe Y, Suzuki M, Koyama S, Kikuchi T, Kusumi H, Arai H (2020a) Effect of the COVID-19 epidemic on Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan: a cross-sectional online survey. J Nutr Health Aging 24:948–950CrossRef

Yamada Y, Uchida T, Ogino M, Ikenoue T, Shiose T, Fukuma S (2020b) Changes in older people’s activities during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Japan. J Am Med Dir Assoc 21(10):1387–1388CrossRef

Title: Self-rated resilience and mobility limitations as predictors of change in active aging during COVID-19 restrictions in Finland: a longitudinal study
Authors: Sini Siltanen
Erja Portegijs
Milla Saajanaho
Katja Pynnönen
Katja Kokko
Taina Rantanen
Publication date: 28-08-2021
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Keyword: COVID-19
Published in: European Journal of Ageing / Issue 3/2022
Print ISSN: 1613-9372
Electronic ISSN: 1613-9380
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-021-00634-6

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Self-rated resilience and mobility limitations as predictors of change in active aging during COVID-19 restrictions in Finland: a longitudinal study

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 3/2022

Emotional information processing in young and older adults: meta-analysis reveals faces elicit distinct biases

Digital transformation of everyday lives of older Swiss adults: use of and attitudes toward current and future digital services

Online assessment of cognitive functioning across the adult lifespan using the eCOGTEL: a reliable alternative to laboratory testing

Active ageing policy in challenging production environments: a case study involving social partners in Spain

Age differences in facial trustworthiness perception are diminished by affective processing

Reliability of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III in differentiating between dementia, mild cognitive impairment and older adults who have not reported cognitive problems