Published in:
01-12-2004 | Practice Parameters
Practice Parameters for the Management of Anal Fissures (Revised)
Published in: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum | Issue 12/2004
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Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation a
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Level
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Source of Evidence
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|---|---|
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I
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Meta-analysis of multiple well-designed, controlled studies; randomized trials with low false-positive and low false-negative errors (high power)
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II
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At least one well-designed experimental study; randomized trials with high false-positive or high false-negative errors or both (low power)
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III
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Well-designed, quasi-experimental studies, such as nonrandomized, controlled, single-group, preoperative-postoperative comparison, cohort, time, or matched case-control series
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IV
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Well-designed, nonexperimental studies, such as comparative and correlational descriptive and case studies
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V
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Case reports and clinical examples
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Grade
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Grade of recommendation
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A
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Evidence of Type I or consistent findings from multiple studies of Type II, III, or IV
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B
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Evidence of Type II, III, or IV and generally consistent findings
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C
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Evidence of Type II, III, or IV but inconsistent findings
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D
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Little or no systematic empirical evidence
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