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25-01-2022 | Cytokines | Short Communication

Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette–Guerin-derived extracellular vesicles as an alternative to live BCG immunotherapy

Authors: Patrick Gellings, Michelle Galeas-Pena, Lisa A. Morici

Published in: Clinical and Experimental Medicine | Issue 2/2023

Abstract

For over 40 years, the gold standard treatment for non-muscular invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has been repeated administration of Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG). Upon administration, BCG initiates a cascade of immunological events that lead to the recruitment of immune cells to the bladder that eliminates NMIBC cells in a multi-mechanistic, yet incompletely defined manner. Despite its effectiveness, live BCG immunotherapy is often impacted by limited supply and availability and can cause rare but serious side effects. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EV) are nanoparticles secreted by live bacteria. EVs are composed of multiple surface proteins, sugars, and lipid that can elicit cellular responses and host recognition similar to live bacteria. In this study, we sought to evaluate the cellular responses of epithelial bladder cancer cells (BCC) to BCG EVs and live BCG. We compared the effect of each treatment on BCC cytokine production, cellular viability and apoptosis. Our data suggest that BCG EVs are as effective as live BCG in eliciting cytokine responses and halting cancer cell growth by, in part, inducing apoptosis. These results indicate that BCG EVs warrant investigation as an alternative to live BCG for NMIBC immunotherapy.

Graphical Abstract

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Title: Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette–Guerin-derived extracellular vesicles as an alternative to live BCG immunotherapy
Authors: Patrick Gellings
Michelle Galeas-Pena
Lisa A. Morici
Publication date: 25-01-2022
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keyword: Cytokines
Published in: Clinical and Experimental Medicine / Issue 2/2023
Print ISSN: 1591-8890
Electronic ISSN: 1591-9528
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-022-00794-4

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