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The European Journal of Health Economics
Published in: The European Journal of Health Economics 6/2012

01-12-2012 | Original Paper

Economic evaluation of pay-for-performance in health care: a systematic review

Authors: Martin Emmert, Frank Eijkenaar, Heike Kemter, Adelheid Susanne Esslinger, Oliver Schöffski

Published in: The European Journal of Health Economics | Issue 6/2012

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Abstract

Background

Pay-for-performance (P4P) intents to stimulate both more effective and more efficient health care delivery. To date, evidence on whether P4P itself is an efficient method has not been systematically analyzed.

Objective

To identify and analyze the existing literature regarding economic evaluation of P4P.

Data sources

English, German, Spanish, and Turkish language literature were searched in the following databases: Business Source Complete, the Cochrane Library, Econlit, ISI web of knowledge, Medline (via PubMed), and PsycInfo (January 2000–April 2010).

Study selection

Articles published in peer-reviewed journals and describing economic evaluations of P4P initiatives. Full economic evaluations, considering costs and consequences of the P4P intervention simultaneously, were the prime focus. Additionally, comparative partial evaluations were included if costs were described and the study allows for an assessment of consequences. Both experimental and observational studies were considered.

Results

In total, nine studies could be identified. Three studies could be regarded as full economic evaluations, and six studies were classified as partial economic evaluations. Based on the full economic evaluations, P4P efficiency could not be demonstrated. Partial economic evaluations showed mixed results, but several flaws limit their significance. Ranges of costs and consequences were typically narrow, and programs differed considerably in design. Methodological quality assessment showed scores between 32% and 65%.

Conclusion

The results show that evidence on the efficiency of P4P is scarce and inconclusive. P4P efficiency could not be demonstrated. The small number and variability of included studies limit the strength of our conclusions. More research addressing P4P efficiency is needed.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Economic evaluation of pay-for-performance in health care: a systematic review
Authors
Martin Emmert
Frank Eijkenaar
Heike Kemter
Adelheid Susanne Esslinger
Oliver Schöffski
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
The European Journal of Health Economics / Issue 6/2012
Print ISSN: 1618-7598
Electronic ISSN: 1618-7601
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-011-0329-8

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