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Clinical and Experimental Nephrology
Published in: Clinical and Experimental Nephrology 6/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Original Article

Serum uric acid and the incidence of CKD and hypertension

Authors: Satoru Kuriyama, Yukio Maruyama, Shinichiro Nishio, Yasuhito Takahashi, Satoshi Kidoguchi, Chisa Kobayashi, Daisuke Takahashi, Naoki Sugano, Tatsuo Hosoya, Takashi Yokoo

Published in: Clinical and Experimental Nephrology | Issue 6/2015

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Abstract

Background

Uric acid (UA) levels correlate positively with the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that UA may also have a link to a new incidence of CKD and hypertension.

Methods

Study design is a cohort study and the predictor is UA levels. Of the 15,470 screened cases, 8223 participants without CKD were eligible for the analysis of the incidence of CKD. Among these CKD candidates, 7569 participants were eligible for the analysis of the new development of hypertension. The observation period was 4 years.

Results

Relationship of UA with new cases of CKD. Higher UA levels had a closer association with the new development of CKD; 1.1 % (UA < 5 mg/dL), 1.5 % (5.0–5.9 mg/dL), 1.7 % (6.0–6.9 mg/dL), and 3.4 % (≧7 mg/dL), respectively (p < 0.001 by the Chi-square test). Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that the estimates of the CKD development were eGFR [Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.816, 95 % confidence intervals (CI) 0.791–0.840] and male gender (HR 0.562, 95 % CI 0.322–0.982). UA levels and new development of hypertension. Higher UA levels had a closer association with the new development of hypertension; 5.0 % (UA < 5 mg/dL), 8.9 % (5.0–5.9 mg/dL), 10.6 % (6.0–6.9 mg/dL), and 11.8 % (≧7 mg/dL), respectively (p < 0.001 by the Chi-square test). Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that the estimates of the hypertension development were BMI (HR 1.190, 95 % CI 1.155–1.226), age (HR 1.021, 95 % CI 1.010–1.032), HDL-cholesterol (HR 1.013, 95 % CI 1.007–1.019), male gender (HR 1.791, 95 % CI 1.338–2.395), UA level (HR 1.112, 95 % CI 1.024–1.207), and eGFR (HR 1008, 95 % CI 1.002–1.013). Furthermore, the logistic analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) to estimate hypertension in the high UA group (UA ≧ 7 mg/dL; OR 1.33, 95 % CI 1.01–1.80) was greater than that in the low UA group (UA < 5 mg/dL). Kaplan–Meier analysis also confirmed the finding that the higher the UA levels the greater the hypertension development (p < 0.001 by the Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard analysis).

Conclusion

High UA levels are associated with the new development of hypertension, but not with the incidence of CKD.
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Metadata
Title
Serum uric acid and the incidence of CKD and hypertension
Authors
Satoru Kuriyama
Yukio Maruyama
Shinichiro Nishio
Yasuhito Takahashi
Satoshi Kidoguchi
Chisa Kobayashi
Daisuke Takahashi
Naoki Sugano
Tatsuo Hosoya
Takashi Yokoo
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
Springer Japan
Published in
Clinical and Experimental Nephrology / Issue 6/2015
Print ISSN: 1342-1751
Electronic ISSN: 1437-7799
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-015-1120-4

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