Top

Published in:

01-01-2012 | Pictorial Essay

CT of the adrenal gland: the many faces of adrenal hemorrhage

Authors: Michael G. Sacerdote, Pamela T. Johnson, Elliot K. Fishman

Published in: Emergency Radiology | Issue 1/2012

Abstract

Adrenal hemorrhage is rarely suspected clinically, exhibits no specific clinical symptoms or laboratory findings, and yet is immediately life-threatening when bilateral. Recognition of adrenal hematomas is complicated by the variable appearance of these lesions. We survey the ways in which adrenal hematomas can appear on CT and provide strategies for differentiating hematomas from other adrenal pathologies.

Clark OH, Hall AD, Schambelan M (1974) Clinical manifestations of adrenal hemorrhage. Am J Surg 128:219–224PubMedCrossRef

Oelkers W (1996) Adrenal insufficiency. N Engl J Med 335:1206–1212PubMedCrossRef

Vella A, Nippoldt TB, Morris JC III (2001) Adrenal hemorrhage: a 25-year experience at the Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clin Proc 76:161–168PubMedCrossRef

Porter JM, Muscato K, Patrick JR (1995) Adrenal hemorrhage: a comparison of traumatic and nontraumatic deaths. J Natl Med Assoc 87:569–571PubMed

Melby JC, Azar ST (1993) Adrenal steroids and hypertension: new aspects. Endocrinologist 3:344–351CrossRef

Magill SB (2001) Adrenal vein sampling: an overview. Endocrinologist 11:357–363CrossRef

Xarli VP, Steele AA, Davis PJ, Buescher SE, Rios CN, Garci-Bunuel R (1978) Adrenal hemorrhage in the adult. Medicine 57(3):211–222PubMedCrossRef

Levin TL, Morton E (1993) Adrenal hemorrhage complicating ACTH therapy in Crohn’s disease. Pediatr Radiol 23:457–458PubMedCrossRef

Russell C, Goodacre BW, van Sonnenberg E (2000) Spontaneous rupture of adrenal myelolipoma: spiral CT appearance. Abdom Imaging 25:431–434PubMedCrossRef

10.

Lehman DJ, Rosof J (1956) Massive hemorrhage into an adrenal pheochromocytoma: report of a case with sudden death. New Engl J Med 254:474–476PubMedCrossRef

11.

Dunnick NR, Korobkin M (2002) Imaging of adrenal incidentalomas: current status. AJR 179:559–568PubMed

12.

Kobayashi T, Uenoyama S, Miura K, Takehara Y (2004) Idiopathic unilateral adrenal hematoma: report of a case. Surg Today 34:279–282PubMedCrossRef

13.

Repko BM, Tulchinsky M (2008) Increased F-18 FDG uptake in resolving atraumatic bilateral adrenal hemorrhage (hematoma) on PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 33:651–653PubMedCrossRef

14.

Sinelnikov AO, Abujudeh HH, Chan D, Novelline RA (2007) CT manifestations of adrenal trauma: experience with 73 cases. Emerg Radiol 13:313–318PubMedCrossRef

15.

Hoeffel C, Legmann P, Luton JP, Chapuis Y, Fayet-Bonnin P (1995) Spontaneous unilateral adrenal hemorrhage: computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings in 8 cases. J Urol 154:1647–1651PubMedCrossRef

16.

Rubin JI, Gomori JM, Grossman RI, Gefter WB, Kressel HY (1987) High-field MR imaging of extracranial hematomas. AJR 148:813–817PubMed

17.

Newatia A, Khatri G, Freidman B, Hines J (2007) Subtraction imaging: applications for nonvascular abdominal MRI. AJR 188:1018–1025PubMedCrossRef

18.

Vincent C, Brewster JB, Kedar V, Sundaram CP (2008) Unilateral idiopathic adrenal hematomas with a preoperative diagnosis of indeterminate adrenal tumors. J Endourol 22(5):995–997PubMedCrossRef

19.

Kawashima A, Sandler CM, Ernst RD et al (1999) Imaging of nontraumatic hemorrhage of the adrenal gland. RadioGraphics 19:949–963PubMed

20.

Pery M, Kaftori JK, Baro-Maor JA (1981) Sonography for diagnosis and follow-up of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage. J Clin Ultrasound 9:397–401PubMedCrossRef

21.

Sivit CJ, Ingram JD, Taylor GA, Bulas DI, Kushner DC, Eichelberger MR (1992) Posttraumatic adrenal hemorrhage in children: CT findings in 34 patients. AJR 158:1299–1302PubMed

Title: CT of the adrenal gland: the many faces of adrenal hemorrhage
Authors: Michael G. Sacerdote
Pamela T. Johnson
Elliot K. Fishman
Publication date: 01-01-2012
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Emergency Radiology / Issue 1/2012
Print ISSN: 1070-3004
Electronic ISSN: 1438-1435
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10140-011-0989-9

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

CT of the adrenal gland: the many faces of adrenal hemorrhage

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2012

Evaluation of acute cervical spine imaging based on ACR Appropriateness Criteria®

Computed tomography diagnosis of myocardial infarction in a patient with normal initial cardiac biomarkers

Musculoskeletal: what’s different in children? Fell out of bed and now the right foot hurts

Diffusion MRI of acute pancreatitis and comparison with normal individuals using ADC values

Negative predictive value of intravenous contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen for patients presenting to the emergency department with undifferentiated upper abdominal pain

Abdominal gunshot wounds: multi-detector-row CT findings compared with laparotomy—a prospective study