Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Lasers in Medical Science 4/2008

01-10-2008 | Original article

Construction of a novel port wine stain phantom and measurement of colour by digital imaging and reflectance spectrophotometry

Authors: D. C. Widdowson, P. G. Shakespeare, J. C. Moore, P. A. Wright

Published in: Lasers in Medical Science | Issue 4/2008

Login to get access

Abstract

A novel skin phantom is described that is constructed with quantifiable amounts of skin pigments, as well as a light scattering medium in the form of barium sulphate suspension. The two predominant skin pigments (melanin and haemoglobin) are varied in controlled amounts within the phantoms to simulate skin colour in different situations. The phantoms were devised in order to simulate the changes in skin colour particularly after laser treatment of port wine stains, where superficial cutaneous vascularity is reduced. Preliminary investigations of two techniques for skin colour assessment were subsequently carried out so that their suitability for measuring colour in the skin phantoms could be considered. A specifically designed device was constructed to enable repeatable digital image capture of the phantoms. Further development of this skin phantom may enable comparison of techniques for skin colour assessment.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Anderson RR, Parrish JA (1983) Selective photothermolysis: precise microsurgery by selective absorption of pulsed radiation. Science 220:524–527PubMedCrossRef Anderson RR, Parrish JA (1983) Selective photothermolysis: precise microsurgery by selective absorption of pulsed radiation. Science 220:524–527PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Mahendran R, Sheehan-Dare RA (2004) Survey of the practices of laser users in the UK in the treatment of port wine stains. J Dermatolog Treat 15:112–117PubMedCrossRef Mahendran R, Sheehan-Dare RA (2004) Survey of the practices of laser users in the UK in the treatment of port wine stains. J Dermatolog Treat 15:112–117PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Takiwaki H, Miyaoka Y, Skrebova N, Kohno H, Arase S (2002) Skin reflectance-spectra and colour-value dependency on measuring-head aperture area in ordinary reflectance spectrophotometry and tristimulus colourimetry. Skin Res Technol 8:94–97PubMedCrossRef Takiwaki H, Miyaoka Y, Skrebova N, Kohno H, Arase S (2002) Skin reflectance-spectra and colour-value dependency on measuring-head aperture area in ordinary reflectance spectrophotometry and tristimulus colourimetry. Skin Res Technol 8:94–97PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Jung B, Choi B, Durkin AJ, Kelly KM, Stuart Nelson J (2004) Characterisation of port wine stain skin erythema and melanin content using cross polarized diffuse reflectance imaging. Lasers Surg Med 34:174–181PubMedCrossRef Jung B, Choi B, Durkin AJ, Kelly KM, Stuart Nelson J (2004) Characterisation of port wine stain skin erythema and melanin content using cross polarized diffuse reflectance imaging. Lasers Surg Med 34:174–181PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Jung B, Kim C, Choi B, Kelly KM, Stuart Nelson J (2005) Use of erythema index imaging for systematic analysis of port wine stain skin response to laser therapy. Lasers Surg Med 37:186–191PubMedCrossRef Jung B, Kim C, Choi B, Kelly KM, Stuart Nelson J (2005) Use of erythema index imaging for systematic analysis of port wine stain skin response to laser therapy. Lasers Surg Med 37:186–191PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Meglinski IV, Matcher SJ (2002) Quantitative assessment of skin layers absorption and skin reflectance spectra simulation in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. Physiol Meas 23:741–753PubMedCrossRef Meglinski IV, Matcher SJ (2002) Quantitative assessment of skin layers absorption and skin reflectance spectra simulation in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. Physiol Meas 23:741–753PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Shimada M, Yamada Y, Itoh M, Yatagai T (2001) Melanin and blood concentration in human skin studied by multiple regression analysis: experiments. Phys Med Biol 46:2385–2395PubMedCrossRef Shimada M, Yamada Y, Itoh M, Yatagai T (2001) Melanin and blood concentration in human skin studied by multiple regression analysis: experiments. Phys Med Biol 46:2385–2395PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Lakmaker O, Pickering JW, Van Gemert MJC (1993) Modeling the color perception of port wine stains and its relation to the depth of laser coagulated blood vessels. Lasers Surg Med 13:219–226PubMedCrossRef Lakmaker O, Pickering JW, Van Gemert MJC (1993) Modeling the color perception of port wine stains and its relation to the depth of laser coagulated blood vessels. Lasers Surg Med 13:219–226PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Ciani A, Goss K-U, Schwarzenbach RP (2005) Light penetration in soil and particulate minerals. Eur J Soil Sci 56:561–574CrossRef Ciani A, Goss K-U, Schwarzenbach RP (2005) Light penetration in soil and particulate minerals. Eur J Soil Sci 56:561–574CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Verkruysse W, Lucassen GW, van Gemert MJC (1999) Simulation of color of port wine stain skin and its dependence on skin variables. Lasers Surg Med 25:131–139PubMedCrossRef Verkruysse W, Lucassen GW, van Gemert MJC (1999) Simulation of color of port wine stain skin and its dependence on skin variables. Lasers Surg Med 25:131–139PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Troy TL (2001) Optical properties of human skin in the near infrared wavelength range of 1000 to 2200 nm. J Biomed Opt 6:167–176PubMedCrossRef Troy TL (2001) Optical properties of human skin in the near infrared wavelength range of 1000 to 2200 nm. J Biomed Opt 6:167–176PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Leclairage), L*a*b* colour system, 1976 CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Leclairage), L*a*b* colour system, 1976
14.
go back to reference Vitkin IA, Woolsey J, Wilson BC, Anderson RR (1994) Optical and thermal characterization of natural (Sepia officinalis) melanin. Photochem Photobiol 59:455–462PubMedCrossRef Vitkin IA, Woolsey J, Wilson BC, Anderson RR (1994) Optical and thermal characterization of natural (Sepia officinalis) melanin. Photochem Photobiol 59:455–462PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Thong H-Y, Lee C-C, Sun RE, Boissy RE (2003) The patterns of melanosome distribution in keratinocytes of human skin as one determining factor of skin colour. Br J Dermatology 149:498–505CrossRef Thong H-Y, Lee C-C, Sun RE, Boissy RE (2003) The patterns of melanosome distribution in keratinocytes of human skin as one determining factor of skin colour. Br J Dermatology 149:498–505CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Svaasand LO, Norvang LT, Fiskerstrand EJ, Stopps EKS, Berns MW, Nelson JS (1995) Tissue parameters determining the visual appearance of normal skin and port-wine stains. Lasers Med Sci 10:55–65CrossRef Svaasand LO, Norvang LT, Fiskerstrand EJ, Stopps EKS, Berns MW, Nelson JS (1995) Tissue parameters determining the visual appearance of normal skin and port-wine stains. Lasers Med Sci 10:55–65CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Gowenlock AH (ed) (1988) Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry, 6th edn, Heinemann, London, p 661 Gowenlock AH (ed) (1988) Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry, 6th edn, Heinemann, London, p 661
18.
go back to reference Alaluf W, Atkins D, Barrett K, Blount M, Carter N, Heath A (2002) The impact of epidermal melanin on objective measurements of human skin color. Pigment Cell Res 15:119–126PubMedCrossRef Alaluf W, Atkins D, Barrett K, Blount M, Carter N, Heath A (2002) The impact of epidermal melanin on objective measurements of human skin color. Pigment Cell Res 15:119–126PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Wagner JK, Jovel C, Norton HL, Parra EJ, Shirver MD (2002) Comparing quantitative measures of erythema, pigmentation and skin response using reflectometry. Pigment Cell Res 15:379–384PubMedCrossRef Wagner JK, Jovel C, Norton HL, Parra EJ, Shirver MD (2002) Comparing quantitative measures of erythema, pigmentation and skin response using reflectometry. Pigment Cell Res 15:379–384PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Construction of a novel port wine stain phantom and measurement of colour by digital imaging and reflectance spectrophotometry
Authors
D. C. Widdowson
P. G. Shakespeare
J. C. Moore
P. A. Wright
Publication date
01-10-2008
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Lasers in Medical Science / Issue 4/2008
Print ISSN: 0268-8921
Electronic ISSN: 1435-604X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-007-0495-1

Other articles of this Issue 4/2008

Lasers in Medical Science 4/2008 Go to the issue