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Published in: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2/2006

01-03-2006 | Originalien

Bisphosphonatassoziierte Osteonekrose des Kiefers

Authors: M. H. Abu-Id, Y. Açil, J. Gottschalk, T. Kreusch

Published in: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | Issue 2/2006

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Im Jahr 2003 wurde erstmals über den Zusammenhang zwischen Bisphosphonaten (BP) und Osteonekrosen der Kiefer (ONJ) berichtet. Seitdem gab es zahlreiche Meldungen, die dieses neue Krankheitsbild als therapeutisch schwer beeinflussbare Erkrankung beschreiben. Wegen ihrer hemmenden Wirkung auf die osteoklastäre Knochenresorption werden BP in zunehmender Zahl bei Patienten mit skeletalen Komplikationen maligner Erkrankungen und Osteoporose eingesetzt. Wir präsentieren einen Literaturüberblick, die Ergebnisse einer Befragung unter Kliniken für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie und unsere eigenen Patienten.

Material und Methoden

Es wurden 349 Fälle aus der Literatur, 54 Falldokumentationen von Kliniken für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie und 19 eigene Fälle nach BP- und Komedikation, Grund- und Begleiterkrankung, Lokalisation, Histologie sowie Therapie analysiert (n=73).

Ergebnisse

Von den 73 untersuchten Patienten erhielten 68 (93%) Pamidronat und/oder Zoledronat. 69 Patienten (94%) wurden BP wegen einer malignen Grunderkrankung, 3 (5%) wegen Osteoporose und 1 Patient (1%) wegen eines Mb Paget verabreicht. Die ONJ traten bei 54 Patienten (74%) im Unterkiefer, bei 12 (16%) im Oberkiefer und 4 (5%) in beiden Kiefern auf. Bei 38 Patienten (52%) waren Zahnextraktionen vorausgegangen, bei 35 (48%) entwickelte sich die ONJ spontan. Histologisch fanden sich chronisch-fibrosierende und floride, eitrige Osteomyelitiden, auffällig häufig auch Actinomyceskolonien im Knochen. 9 Patienten (12%) wurden rein konservativ behandelt, 52 (71%) unterzogen sich teils mehrfach begrenzten chirurgischen Maßnahmen (z. B. Dekortikation) und bei 19 Patienten (26%) erfolgten Kieferteilresektionen. Insgesamt konnte nur bei 55% der Patienten eine Heilung der ONJ erzielt werden. Die höchste Erfolgsrate (88%) wurde bei den Patienten mit Resektionen beobachtet.

Diskussion

Im Verhältnis zur millionenfachen Anwendung der BP treten ONJ nur selten auf, bei Tumorpatienten kommt es unter Pamidronat und Zoledronat bei 4–10% zur ONJ. Wegen der Ähnlichkeit mit der Phosphornekrose („phossy jaw“) nennen einige Autoren die Erkrankung „bis-phossy jaw“. Anhand der vorliegenden Daten kann aber eine Kausalität zwischen BP und ONJ nur vermutet werden; wir empfehlen die Bezeichnung bisphosphonatassoziierte Osteonekrose. Die Therapie der Wahl ist die chirurgische Nekroseentfernung und sichere plastische Deckung. Eine kontinuierliche und systematische Prophylaxe ist notwendig. Die Zusammenarbeit von Onkologen, Zahnärzten und Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgen muss ein zentraler Aspekt sein.
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Metadata
Title
Bisphosphonatassoziierte Osteonekrose des Kiefers
Authors
M. H. Abu-Id
Y. Açil
J. Gottschalk
T. Kreusch
Publication date
01-03-2006
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery / Issue 2/2006
Print ISSN: 1865-1550
Electronic ISSN: 1865-1569
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-005-0670-0

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