Top

Published in:

01-06-2017 | Original Contribution

Impact of depressive/anxiety symptoms on the quality of life of adolescents with ADHD: a community-based 1-year prospective follow-up study

Authors: Pei-Yin Pan, Chin-Bin Yeh

Published in: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry | Issue 6/2017

Abstract

Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit functional impairment even those having less visible symptoms. Therefore, it is of great clinical importance to identify ADHD symptoms among adolescents in the community. Furthermore, little is known regarding the role of internalizing symptoms in their quality of life. Thus, this study aimed to screen ADHD in a sample of high school students using the Adult ADHD Self-report Scale (ASRS) and to investigate the impact of internalizing symptoms on their well-being. In the first year, adolescents aged 15–17 years old from a senior high school (N = 1947) completed the Adult ADHD Self-rating Scale (ASRS), Wender Utah Rating Scale, Impulsiveness Scale, Beck’s Depression Inventory and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory. In the second year, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF was applied for the measurement of their psychosocial outcomes. Results showed that adolescents with higher ASRS scores manifested more severe concurrent depressive and anxiety symptoms. ADHD symptoms among these adolescents were significantly associated with poorer quality of life 1 year later (p < 0.001). And both depressive and anxiety symptoms were mediators in the relationship between ADHD symptoms and quality of life. The finding of this study supports that the concurrent internalizing symptoms may underlie the negative relations between ADHD symptoms and quality of life in adolescents in the community. The application of ASRS in adolescents may help clinicians in early intervention for their ADHD problems as well as emotional symptoms.

Faraone SV, Biederman J, Mick E (2006) The age-dependent decline of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis of follow-up studies. Psychol Med 36:159–165CrossRefPubMed

Biederman J, Petty CR, Woodworth KY, Lomedico A, Hyder LL, Faraone SV (2012) Adult outcome of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a controlled 16-year follow-up study. J Clin Psychiatry 73:941–950CrossRefPubMed

Jensen CM, Steinhausen HC (2015) Comorbid mental disorders in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a large nationwide study. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord 7:27–38CrossRefPubMed

Reinhardt MC, Reinhardt CA (2013) Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, comorbidities, and risk situations. J Pediatr (Rio J) 89:124–130CrossRef

Wehmeier PM, Schacht A, Barkley RA (2010) Social and emotional impairment in children and adolescents with ADHD and the impact on quality of life. J Adolesc Health 46:209–217CrossRefPubMed

American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Publishing, ArlingtonCrossRef

Biederman J, Mick E, Faraone SV (2000) Age-dependent decline of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: impact of remission definition and symptom type. Am J Psychiatry 157:816–818CrossRefPubMed

Barkley RA, Anastopoulos AD, Guevremont DC, Fletcher KE (1991) Adolescents with ADHD: patterns of behavioral adjustment, academic functioning, and treatment utilization. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 30:752–761PubMed

Yeh CB, Gau SS, Kessler RC, Wu YY (2008) Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the adult ADHD Self-report Scale. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 17:45–54CrossRefPubMed

10.

Danckaerts M, Sonuga-Barke EJ, Banaschewski T, Buitelaar J, Döpfner M, Hollis C, Santosh P, Rothenberger A, Sergeant J, Steinhausen HC, Taylor E, Zuddas A, Coghill D (2010) The quality of life of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 19:83–105CrossRefPubMed

11.

Tseng WL, Gau SS (2013) Executive function as a mediator in the link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and social problems. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 54:996–1004CrossRefPubMed

12.

Miller M, Hinshaw SP (2010) Does childhood executive function predict adolescent functional outcomes in girls with ADHD? J Abnorm Child Psychol 38:315–326CrossRefPubMed

13.

Kessler RC, Adler L, Ames M, Demler O, Faraone S, Hiripi E, Howes MJ, Jin R, Secnik K, Spencer T, Ustun TB, Walters EE (2005) The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population. Psychol Med 35:245–256CrossRefPubMed

14.

Ward MF, Wender PH, Reimherr FW (1993) The Wender Utah Rating Scale: an aid in the retrospective diagnosis of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 150:885–890CrossRefPubMed

15.

Chang HL, Chuang HY (2000) Adolescent hyperactivity and general psychopathology. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 54:139–146CrossRefPubMed

16.

Li CH, Ko HC, Weng LJ, Liau LC, Lu RB (2002) The development of an impulsiveness scale: psychometric properties and relation to antisocial personality disorder. Chin J Psychol 44:109–119

17.

Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK (1996) Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Psychological Corporation, San Antonio

18.

Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA (1988) An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol 56:893–897CrossRefPubMed

19.

The WHOQOL Group (1998) Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychol Med 28:551–558CrossRef

20.

Yao G, Chung CW, Yu CF, Wang JD (2002) Development and verification of validity and reliability of the WHOQOL-BREF Taiwan version. J Formos Med Assoc 101:342–351PubMed

21.

Baron RM, Kenny DA (1986) The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol 51:1173–1182PubMed

22.

Preacher KJ, Hayes AF (2008) Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods 40:879–891CrossRefPubMed

23.

Ditlevsen S, Christensen U, Lynch J, Damsgaard MT, Keiding N (2005) The mediation proportion: a structural equation approach for estimating the proportion of exposure effect on outcome explained by an intermediate variable. Epidemiology 16:114–120CrossRefPubMed

24.

Yang HN, Tai YM, Yang LK, Gau SS (2013) Prediction of childhood ADHD symptoms to quality of life in young adults: adult ADHD and anxiety/depression as mediators. Res Dev Disabil 34:3168–3181CrossRefPubMed

25.

MacKinnon DP, Fairchild AJ, Fritz MS (2007) Mediation analysis. Annu Rev Psychol 58:593–614CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Adler LA, Shaw DM, Spencer TJ, Newcorn JH, Hammerness P, Sitt DJ, Minerly C, Davidow JV, Faraone SV (2012) Preliminary examination of the reliability and concurrent validity of the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder self-report scale v1.1 symptom checklist to rate symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 22:238–244CrossRefPubMed

27.

Shaw P, Malek M, Watson B, Greenstein D, de Rossi P, Sharp W (2013) Trajectories of cerebral cortical development in childhood and adolescence and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 74:599–606CrossRefPubMed

28.

Sebastian A, Jung P, Krause-Utz A, Lieb K, Schmahl C, Tüscher O (2014) Frontal dysfunctions of impulse control—a systematic review in borderline personality disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 8:698CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

29.

Roy A, Oldehinkel AJ, Verhulst FC, Ormel J, Hartman CA (2014) Anxiety and disruptive behavior mediate pathways from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder to depression. J Clin Psychiatry 75:e108–e113CrossRefPubMed

30.

Seymour KE, Chronis-Tuscano A, Iwamoto DK, Kurdziel G, Macpherson L (2014) Emotion regulation mediates the association between ADHD and depressive symptoms in a community sample of youth. J Abnorm Child Psychol 42:611–621CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

31.

Becker SP, Mehari KR, Langberg JM, Evans SW (2016) Rates of peer victimization in young adolescents with ADHD and associations with internalizing symptoms and self-esteem. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry (Epub ahead of print)

32.

Bhide S, Sciberras E, Anderson V, Hazell P, Nicholson JM (2016) Association between parenting style and socio-emotional and academic functioning in children with and without ADHD: a community-based study. J Atten Disord (Epub ahead of print)

33.

Steinberg EA, Drabick DA (2015) A developmental psychopathology perspective on ADHD and comorbid conditions: the role of emotion regulation. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 46:951–966CrossRefPubMed

34.

Cuffe SP, Visser SN, Holbrook JR, Danielson ML, Geryk LL, Wolraich ML, McKeown RE (2015) ADHD and psychiatric comorbidity: functional outcomes in a school-based sample of children. J Atten Disord (Epub ahead of print)

35.

Balazs J, Miklosi M, Kereszteny A, Dallos G, Gadoros J (2014) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and suicidality in a treatment naive sample of children and adolescents. J Affect Disord 152–154:282–287CrossRefPubMed

36.

Bussing R, Mason DM, Bell L, Porter P, Garvan C (2010) Adolescent outcomes of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a diverse community sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 49:595–605PubMedPubMedCentral

37.

Krueger M, Kendall J (2001) Descriptions of self: an exploratory study of adolescents with ADHD. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs 14:61–72CrossRefPubMed

38.

Karustis JL, Power TJ, Rescorla LA, Eiraldi RB, Gallagher PR (2000) Anxiety and depression in children with ADHD: unique associations with academic and social functioning. J Atten Disord 4:133–149CrossRef

39.

Becker SP, Langberg JM, Evans SW, Girio-Herrera E, Vaughn AJ (2015) Differentiating anxiety and depression in relation to the social functioning of young adolescents with ADHD. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 44:1015–1029CrossRefPubMed

40.

Blackman GL, Ostrander R, Herman KC (2005) Children with ADHD and depression: a multisource, multimethod assessment of clinical, social, and academic functioning. J Atten Disord 8:195–207CrossRefPubMed

41.

Sciberras E, Lycett K, Efron D, Mensah F, Gerner B, Hiscock H (2014) Anxiety in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 133:801–808CrossRefPubMed

42.

Mikami AY, Ransone ML, Calhoun CD (2011) Influence of anxiety on the social functioning of children with and without ADHD. J Atten Disord 15:473–484CrossRefPubMed

43.

Stewart SM, Lewinsohn PM, Lee PW, Ho LM, Kennard B, Hughes CW, Emslie GJ (2002) Symptom patterns in depression and “subthreshold” depression among adolescents in Hong Kong and the United States. J Cross-Cult Psychol 33:559–576CrossRef

44.

Hughes E, Gullone E, Watson S (2011) Emotional functioning in children and adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 33:335–345CrossRef

45.

Paulus DJ, Vanwoerden S, Norton PJ, Sharp C (2016) Emotion dysregulation, psychological inflexibility, and shame as explanatory factors between neuroticism and depression. J Affect Disord 190:376–385CrossRefPubMed

46.

Daviss WB (2008) A review of co-morbid depression in pediatric ADHD: etiology, phenomenology, and treatment. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 18:565–571CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

47.

Barkley RA (2002) Major life activity and health outcomes associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 63(Suppl 12):10–15PubMed

48.

Nijmeijer JS, Minderaa RB, Buitelaar JK, Mulligan A, Hartman CA, Hoekstra PJ (2008) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and social dysfunctioning. Clin Psychol Rev 28:692–708CrossRefPubMed

49.

Klassen AF, Miller A, Fine S (2004) Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents who have a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 114:e541–e547CrossRefPubMed

50.

Riley AW, Spiel G, Coghill D, Dopfner M, Falissard B, Lorenzo MJ, Preuss U, Ralston SJ (2006) Factors related to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among children with ADHD in Europe at entry into treatment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 15(Suppl 1):I38–I45CrossRefPubMed

51.

Hoza B, Waschbusch DA, Pelham WE, Molina BS, Milich R (2000) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disordered and control boys’ responses to social success and failure. Child Dev 71:432–446CrossRefPubMed

52.

Hoza B, Pelham WE, Milich R, Pillow D, McBride K (1993) The self-perceptions and attributions of attention deficit hyperactivity disordered and nonreferred boys. J Abnorm Child Psychol 21:271–286CrossRefPubMed

53.

Birmaher B, Brent D; AACAP Work Group on Quality Issues (2007) Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with depressive disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 46:1503–1526CrossRef

Title: Impact of depressive/anxiety symptoms on the quality of life of adolescents with ADHD: a community-based 1-year prospective follow-up study
Authors: Pei-Yin Pan
Chin-Bin Yeh
Publication date: 01-06-2017
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry / Issue 6/2017
Print ISSN: 1018-8827
Electronic ISSN: 1435-165X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-016-0929-z

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Impact of depressive/anxiety symptoms on the quality of life of adolescents with ADHD: a community-based 1-year prospective follow-up study

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 6/2017

A reflection on today‘s environment for child and adolescent psychiatric research. The continuous march for science of European Child + Adolescent Psychiatry

Intrinsic functional connectivity of fronto-temporal networks in adolescents with early psychosis

Pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder with tic symptoms: clinical presentation and treatment outcome

What do parents perceive are the barriers and facilitators to accessing psychological treatment for mental health problems in children and adolescents? A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies

Effect of parental obesity and gestational diabetes on child neuropsychological and behavioral development at 4 years of age: the Rhea mother–child cohort, Crete, Greece

Effects of urinary incontinence on psychosocial outcomes in adolescence