Top

Published in:

01-03-2012 | Original Contribution

Control or involvement? Relationship between authoritative parenting style and adolescent depressive symptomatology

Authors: B. F. Piko, M. Á. Balázs

Published in: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry | Issue 3/2012

Abstract

Among factors predicting adolescent mood problems, certain aspects of the parent–adolescent relationship play an important role. In previous studies, children whose parents had an authoritative style of parenting reported the best behavioral and psychological outcomes. Therefore, the main goal of this paper was to investigate the role of authoritative parenting style and other family variables (negative family interactions and positive identification with parents) in adolescents’ depressive symptomatology. The study was carried out in all primary and secondary schools in Mako and the surrounding region in Hungary in the spring of 2010, students of grades 7–12 (N = 2,072): 49.2% of the sample were males; 38.1% primary school pupils; and 61.9% high school students. Self-administered questionnaires contained items of measuring depressive symptoms (CDI) and parental variables beyond sociodemographics. Beyond descriptive statistics and calculation of correlation coefficients, multiple linear regression analyses were applied to detect relationships between parental variables and depressive scores by gender. Overall, our data support a negative association between authoritative parenting style and adolescent mood problems, particularly among girls. Among boys, only mother’s responsiveness was a significant predictor. Among girls, father’s parenting played a decisive role; not only his responsiveness but also demandingness. Interestingly, mother’s demandingness went together with an elevated depressive score for girls. Prevention programs cannot guarantee success without taking into account the role of parents. Teaching positive parenting seems to be a part of these prevention programs that may include facilitating intimate yet autonomous relationships.

Ackard D, Neumark-Sztainer D, Story M, Perry C (2006) Parent–child connectedness and behavioral and emotional health among adolescents. Am J Prev Med 30:59–66PubMedCrossRef

Allen JP, Porter M, McFarland C, McElhaney KB, Marsh P (2007) The relation of attachment security to adolescents’ paternal and peer relationships, depression, and externalizing behavior. Child Dev 78:1222–1239PubMedCrossRef

Anli I, Karsli A (2010) Perceived parenting style, depression and anxiety levels in a Turkish late-adolescent population. Proc Soc Behav Sci 2:724–727

Beardslee WR, Gladstone RG (2001) Prevention of childhood depression. Recent findings and future prospects. Biol Psychiatr 49:1101–1110CrossRef

Brassai L, Piko B (2008) Egyéni, családi és transzperszonális tényezők szerepe a táplálkozáskontrollban serdülőknél (The role of individual, familial and transpersonal variables in adolescent diet control). Mentálhig Pszichoszom 9(2):165–181 (in Hungarian)CrossRef

Browning CR, Leventhal T, Brooks-Gunn J (2005) Sexual initiation in early adolescence: the nexus of parental and community control. Am Sociol Rev 70:758–778CrossRef

Connell AM, Dishion TJ (2008) Reducing depression among at-risk early adolescents: three-year effects of a family-centered intervention embedded within schools. J Fam Psychol 22:574–585PubMedCrossRef

Darling N, Steinberg L (1993) Parenting style as context: an integrative model. Psychol Bull 113:487–496CrossRef

Dekker MC, Ferdinand RF, van Lang ND, Bongers IL, van der Ende J, Verhulst FC (2007) Developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms from early childhood to late adolescence: gender differences and adult outcome. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 48:657–666PubMedCrossRef

10.

Devine D, Kempton T, Forehand R (1994) Adolescent depressed mood and youth adult functioning: a longitudinal study. J Abnorm Child Psychol 22:629–640PubMedCrossRef

11.

Difilippo JM, Overholser JC (2002) Depression, adult attachment, and recollections of parental caring during childhood. J Nerv Ment Dis 190:663–669PubMedCrossRef

12.

Dwairy M, Menshar KE (2006) Parenting style, individuation, and mental health of Egyptian adolescents. J Adolesc 29:103–117PubMedCrossRef

13.

Finkenauer C, Engels RCME, Baumeister RF (2005) Parenting behaviour and adolescent behavioural and emotional problems: the role of self-control. Int J Behav Dev 29:58–69CrossRef

14.

Furstenberg FF, Cook TD, Eccles J, Elder GH, Sameroff A (1990) Managing to make it: urban families and adolescent success. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago

15.

Gerlsma C, Snijders TAB, Van Duijn MAJ, Emmelkamp PMG (1997) Parenting and psychopathology: differences in family members’ perceptions of parental rearing styles. Person Indiv Diff 23:271–282CrossRef

16.

Gutman LM, Eccles JS, Opeck S, Malachuk O (2010) The influence of family relations on trajectories of cigarette and alcohol use from early to late adolescence. J Adolesc 34(1):119–128PubMedCrossRef

17.

Hair EC, Moore KA, Garrett SB, Ling T, Cleveland K (2008) The continued importance of quality parent–adolescent relationships during late adolescence. J Res Adolesc 18:187–200CrossRef

18.

Huver RME, Engels RCME, Verhulmst AA, de Vries H (2007) Is parenting style a context for smoking-specific parenting practices? Drug Alcohol Depend 89:116–125PubMedCrossRef

19.

Jackson C (2002) Perceived legitimacy of parenting authority and tobacco and alcohol use during early adolescence. J Adolesc Health 31:425–432PubMedCrossRef

20.

Jackson C, Henriksen L, Foshee VA (1998) The authoritative parenting index: predicting health risk behaviors among children and adolescents. Health Educ Behav 25:319–337PubMedCrossRef

21.

Kovacs M (1992) Children’s depression inventory (CDI). Multi-Health Systems, Toronto

22.

Laursen B, Coy KC, Collins WA (1998) Reconsidering changes in parent–child conflict across adolescence: a meta-analysis. Child Dev 69:817–832PubMed

23.

Lee A, Hankin BL, Mermelstein RJ (2010) Perceived social competence, negative social interactions, and negative cognitive style predict depressive symptoms during adolescence. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 39:603–615PubMedCrossRef

24.

Liu Y-L (2006) Paternal–maternal attachment, peer support, social expectations of peer interaction, and depressive symptoms. Adolescence 41:705–721PubMed

25.

Maccoby EE (1992) The role of parents in the socialization of children: a historical review. Dev Psychol 28:1006–1017CrossRef

26.

Maccoby EE, Martin JA (1983) Socialization in the context of the family: parent–child interaction. In: Hethington EM (ed) Handbook of child psychology, vol 4. Socialization, personality, and social development. Wiley, New York, pp 1–101

27.

Manongdo JA, Garcia R (2007) Mothers’ parenting dimensions and adolescent externalizing and internalizing behaviors in a low-income, urban Mexican American sample. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 36:593–604PubMedCrossRef

28.

Oshino S, Suzuki A, Ishii G, Otani K (2007) Influences of parental rearing on the personality traits of healthy Japanese. Compr Psychiatr 48:465–469CrossRef

29.

Patock-Peckham JA, Morgan-Lopez AA (2007) College drinking behaviors: mediational links between parenting styles, parental bonds, depression, and alcohol problems. Psychol Addict Behav 21:297–306PubMedCrossRef

30.

Pellerin LA (2005) Applying Baumrind’s parenting typology to high schools: toward a middle-range theory of authoritative socialization. Soc Sci Res 34:283–303CrossRef

31.

Pettit GS, Laird RD, Dodge KA, Bates JE, Criss MM (2001) Antecedents and behavior-problem outcomes of parental monitoring and psychological control in early adolescence. Child Dev 72:583–598PubMedCrossRef

32.

Pierce JP, Distefan JM, Jackson C, White MM, Gilpin EA (2002) Does tobacco marketing undermine the influence of recommended parenting in discouraging adolescents from smoking? Am J Prev Med 23:73–81PubMedCrossRef

33.

Piko B (2001) Gender differences and similarities in adolescents’ ways of coping. Psychol Rec 51:223–235

34.

Piko B, Brassai L (2007) Cultural values and health-related behaviors: a comparison of Hungarian and Transylvanian youth. Eur J Ment Health 2(2):171–181CrossRef

35.

Piko B, Kovacs E, Fitzpatrick KM (2009) Parental, school-related and individual protective factors for adolescent depressive symptomatology. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatr 18:617–624CrossRef

36.

Piko BF, Fitzpatrick KM (2003) Depressive symptomatology among Hungarian youth: a risk and protective factors approach. Am J Orthopsychiatry 73:44–54PubMedCrossRef

37.

Radziszewska B, Richardson JL, Dent CW, Flay BR (1996) Parenting style and adolescent depressive symptoms, smoking, and academic achievement: ethnic, gender, and SES differences. J Behav Med 19:289–305PubMedCrossRef

38.

Reed L, Richards MH, Moneta G, Holmbeck G, Duckett E (1996) Changes in adolescents’ daily interactions with their families from ages 10 to 18: disengagement and transformation. Dev Psychol 32:744–754CrossRef

39.

Reti IM, Samuels JF, Eaton WW, Bienvenu J III, Costa PT Jr, Nestadt G (2002) Influences of parenting on normal personality traits. Psychiatr Res 111:55–64CrossRef

40.

Richter J, Richter G, Eisemann M, Seering B, Bartsch M (1995) Depression, perceived parental rearing and self-acceptance. Eur Psychiatr 10:290–296CrossRef

41.

Rothrauff TC, Cooney TM, An JS (2009) Remembered parenting styles and adjustment in middle and late adulthood. J Gerontol Ser B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 64:137–146CrossRef

42.

Scharf M, Mayseless O, Kivenson-Baron I (2004) Adolescents’ attachment representations and developmental tasks in emerging adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 40(3):430–444CrossRef

43.

Steinberg GL, Elmer JD, Mounts NS (1989) Authoritative parenting, psychosocial maturity, and academic success among adolescents. Child Dev 60:1424–1436PubMedCrossRef

44.

Weisz JR, Southam-Gerow MA, McCarty CA (2003) Control-related beliefs and depressive symptoms in clinic-referred children and adolescents. J Abnorm Psychol 110:97–109CrossRef

45.

Yoshizumu T, Murase S, Murakami T, Takai J (2007) Dissociation as a mediator between perceived parental rearing style and depression in an adult community population using college students. Person Indiv Diff 43:353–364CrossRef

Title: Control or involvement? Relationship between authoritative parenting style and adolescent depressive symptomatology
Authors: B. F. Piko
M. Á. Balázs
Publication date: 01-03-2012
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry / Issue 3/2012
Print ISSN: 1018-8827
Electronic ISSN: 1435-165X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-012-0246-0

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Control or involvement? Relationship between authoritative parenting style and adolescent depressive symptomatology

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 3/2012

Normal variation in behavioral adjustment relates to regional differences in cortical thickness in children

Childhood aggression, callous-unemotional traits and oxytocin genes

Le Grange D, Lock J (eds): Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents—A Clinical Handbook

The behavioural profile of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and of their siblings

Child psychiatry and the developmental perspective

Presence of GAD65 autoantibodies in the serum of children with autism or ADHD