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Clinical Oral Investigations

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01-01-2024 | Review

East Asian and Southern European craniofacial class III phenotype: two sides of the same coin?

Authors: Alexandra Dehesa-Santos, Ji-Ae Park, Shin-Jae Lee, Alejandro Iglesias-Linares

Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations | Issue 1/2024

Abstract

Objectives

The skeletal class III phenotype is a heterogeneous condition in populations of different ethnicities. This study aimed to analyse the joint and ethnicity-specific clustering of morphological features in skeletal class III patients of Asian and European origins.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study involved South Korean and Spanish participants who fulfilled the cephalometric, clinical, and ethnic-related selection criteria. Radiographic records were standardised, calibrated, and measured. A total of 54 skeletal variables were selected for varimax factorial analysis (VFA). Subsequently, a cluster analysis (CA) was performed (mixed method: k-means and hierarchical clustering). Method error and precision were assessed using ICC, Student’s t-test, and the Dahlberg formula.

Results

A total of 285 Korean and Spanish participants with skeletal class III malocclusions were analysed. After performing VFA and CA, the joint sample revealed three global clusters, and ethnicity-specific analysis revealed four Korean and five Spanish clusters. Cluster_1_global was predominantly Spanish (79.2%) and male (83.01%) and was characterised by a predominantly mesobrachycephalic pattern and a larger cranial base, maxilla, and mandible. Cluster_2_global and Cluster_3_global were mainly South Korean (73.9% and 75.6%, respectively) and depicted opposite phenotypes of mandibular projection and craniofacial pattern.

Conclusions

A distinct distribution of Spanish and South Korean participants was observed in the global analysis. Interethnic and interethnic differences were observed, primarily in the cranial base and maxilla size, mandible projection, and craniofacial pattern.

Clinical relevance

Accurate phenotyping, reflecting the complexity of skeletal class III phenotype across diverse populations, is critical for improving diagnostic predictability and future personalised treatment protocols.

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Title: East Asian and Southern European craniofacial class III phenotype: two sides of the same coin?
Authors: Alexandra Dehesa-Santos
Ji-Ae Park
Shin-Jae Lee
Alejandro Iglesias-Linares
Publication date: 01-01-2024
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations / Issue 1/2024
Print ISSN: 1432-6981
Electronic ISSN: 1436-3771
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05386-4

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

East Asian and Southern European craniofacial class III phenotype: two sides of the same coin?

Abstract

Objectives

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusions

Clinical relevance

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Objectives

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusions

Clinical relevance

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