Top

Clinical Oral Investigations

Published in:

01-02-2020 | Bleeding on Probing | Original Article

Comprehensive assessment of dental behaviour and oral status in patients with tongue piercing—results of a cross-sectional study

Authors: Dirk Ziebolz, Felix Söder, Jan Felix Hartl, Tanja Kottmann, Sven Rinke, Gerhard Schmalz

Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations | Issue 2/2020

Abstract

Objectives

Aim of this cross-sectional case-control study was the comprehensive examination of oral health, oral behaviour and oral health-related quality of life of patients with tongue piercing. Furthermore, different piercing related factors and the presence of habits should be considered regarding their potential association to piercing-related complications.

Material and methods

Participants with tongue piercing (n = 50) and a matched control (n = 50) were included. Dental examination included decayed-, missing- and filled-teeth-index (DMF-T) and the presence of non-carious tooth defects. Periodontal examination contained of periodontal probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and recession. Piercing-related factors, oral behaviour as well as oral health-related quality of life [German short form of oral health impact profile (OHIP G14)] were assessed based on questionnaires. Statistics: Man-Whitney U test, chi-square and Fisher’s exact test (significance level p < 0.05).

Results

Participants with tongue piercing suffered from worse DMF-T, PPD, BOP and recession (p_i < 0.01). Higher prevalence of enamel cracks and trough-shaped abrasions were found in piercing-group (p_i < 0.01). Additionally, participants with tongue piercing showed worse oral behaviour, insufficient cleaning of piercing and in majority of cases (80%) calculus formation at piercing surface as well as comparable OHIP-G14 to control (p = 0.39). While piercing design was associated to both, recession and non-carious tooth defects (p_i < 0.05), only infractures of enamel were associated to the presence habits (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Patients with tongue piercing show insufficient dental and periodontal health as well as reduced oral behaviour. Thereby, piercing design and wearing period is associated to recessions and non-carious tooth defects.

Clinical relevance

Increased attention of patients wearing tongue piercing in dental practice is necessary.

Hennequin-Hoenderdos NL, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GA (2012) The prevalence of oral and peri-oral piercings in young adults: a systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg 10(3):223–228CrossRef

Bone A, Ncube F, Nichols T, Noah ND (2008) Body piercing in England: a survey of piercing at sites other than earlobe. BMJ 336(7658):1426–1428CrossRef

Hennequin-Hoenderdos NL, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GA (2011) Complications of oral and peri-oral piercings: a summary of case reports. Int J Dent Hyg 9(2):101–109CrossRef

Gazzeri G (2006) Atypical trigeminal neuralgia associated with tongue pierc atypical trigeminal neuralgia associated with tongue piercing. JAMA 15:1840–1841

Er N, Ozkavaf A, Berberoğlu A, Yamalik N (2000) An unusual cause of gingival recession: oral piercing. J Periodontol 71(11):1767–1769CrossRef

Ziebolz D, Stuehmer C, van Nüss K, Hornecker E, Mausberg RF (2009) Complications of tongue piercing: a review of the literature and three case reports. J Contemp Dent Pract 10(6):E065–E071PubMed

Oberholzer TG, George R (2010) Awareness of complications of oral piercing in a group of adolescents and young South African adults. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 110(6):744–747CrossRef

Zadik Y, Burnstein S, Derazne E, Sandler V, Ianculovici C, Halperin T (2010) Colonization of Candida: prevalence among tongue-pierced and non-pierced immunocompetent adults. Oral Dis 16:172–175CrossRef

Kapferer I, Beier US, Persson RG (2011) Tongue piercing: the effect of material on microbiological findings. J Adolesc Health 49:76–83CrossRef

10.

Ziebolz D, Hornecker E, Mausberg RF (2009) Microbiological findings at tongue piercing sites: implications to oral health. Int J Dent Hyg 7:256–262CrossRef

11.

Hennequin-Hoenderdos NL, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GA (2016) The incidence of complications associated with lip and/or tongue piercings: a systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg 14:62–73CrossRef

12.

Giuca MR, Pasini M, Nastasio S, Ercole S, Tripodi D (2012) Dental and periodontal complications of labial and tongue piercing. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 26(3):553–560PubMed

13.

Maheu-Robert LF, Andrian E, Grenier D (2007) Overview of complications secondary to tongue and lip piercings. J Can Dent Assoc 73(4):327–331PubMed

14.

Campbell A, Moore A, Williams E, Stephens J, Tatakis DN (2002) Tongue piercing: impact of time and barbell stem length on lingual gingival recession and tooth chipping. J Periodontol 73(3):289–297CrossRef

15.

De Moor RJ, De Witte AM, De Bruyne MA (2000) Tongue piercing and associated oral and dental complications. Endod Dent Traumatol 16(5):232–237CrossRef

16.

Dougherty SL, Tervort-Bingham K (2005) Assessment of the alveolar bone surrounding the mandibular anterior teeth of individuals wearing a tongue stud. J Dent Hyg 79(4):8PubMed

17.

Stead LR, Williams JV, Williams AC, Robinson CM (2006) An investigation into the practice of tongue piercing in the South West of England. Br Dent J 200(2):103–107 discussion 93CrossRef

18.

Pires IL, Cota LO, Oliveira AC, Costa JE, Costa FO (2010) Association between periodontal condition and use of tongue piercing: a case-control study. J Clin Periodontol 37(8):712–718PubMed

19.

Ziebolz D, Hildebrand A, Proff P, Rinke S, Hornecker E, Mausberg RF (2012) Long-term effects of tongue piercing--a case control study. Clin Oral Investig 16(1):231–237CrossRef

20.

WHO (1997) World Health Organization: Oral health surveys, basic methods 4th edition. WHO; Oral health unit, Genf

21.

John MT, Patrick DL, Slade GD (2002) The German version of the oral health impact profile - translation and psychometric properties. Eur J Oral Sci 110:425–433CrossRef

22.

John MT, Micheelis W, Biffar R (2004) Reference values in oral health-related quality of life for the abbreviated version of the oral health impact profile. Swiss Dent J 114:784–791

23.

Kapferer I, Berger K, Stuerz K, Beier US (2010) Self-reported complications with lip and tongue piercing. Quintessence Int 41(9):731–737PubMed

24.

Guéguen N (2013) Tattoo, piercing, and adolescent tobacco consumption. Int J Adolesc Med Health 25(1):87–89CrossRef

25.

Randall JA, Sheffield D (2013) Just a personal thing? A qualitative account of health behaviours and values associated with body piercing. Perspect Public Health 133(2):110–115CrossRef

26.

Visscher CM, Lobbezoo F, Schuller AA (2014) Dental status and oral health-related quality of life. A population-based study. J Oral Rehabil 41:416–422CrossRef

27.

Mendez M, Melchiors Angst PD, Stadler A, Oppermann RV, Gomes S (2016) Impacts of supragingival and subgingival periodontal treatments on oral health-related quality of life. Int J Dent Hyg 15:135–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12193 CrossRefPubMed

28.

Reissmann DR, Krautz M, Schierz O, John MT, Rudolph M, Szentpétery A (2008) Assessment of clinically significant changes in oral health. German Dent J 63:668–680

29.

Plessas A, Pepelassi E (2012) Dental and periodontal complications of lip and tongue piercing: prevalence and influencing factors. Aust Dent J 57(1):71–78CrossRef

30.

Tomaževič T, Gašperšič R, Kosem R (2017) Occurrence of dental injuries and periodontal complications in tongue-piercing Jewellery users. Oral Health Prev Dent 15(3):293–297PubMed

Title: Comprehensive assessment of dental behaviour and oral status in patients with tongue piercing—results of a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dirk Ziebolz
Felix Söder
Jan Felix Hartl
Tanja Kottmann
Sven Rinke
Gerhard Schmalz
Publication date: 01-02-2020
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keyword: Bleeding on Probing
Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations / Issue 2/2020
Print ISSN: 1432-6981
Electronic ISSN: 1436-3771
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03002-y

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Comprehensive assessment of dental behaviour and oral status in patients with tongue piercing—results of a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objectives

Material and methods

Results

Conclusions

Clinical relevance

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Objectives

Material and methods

Results

Conclusions

Clinical relevance

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 2/2020

Severe periodontitis is linked with increased peripheral levels of sTWEAK and PTX3 in chronic migraineurs

Effect of a hydrophobic bonding resin on the 36-month performance of a universal adhesive—a randomized clinical trial

Fracture load of 3D-printed fixed dental prostheses compared with milled and conventionally fabricated ones: the impact of resin material, build direction, post-curing, and artificial aging—an in vitro study

Improving bonding to eroded dentin by using collagen cross-linking agents: 2 years of water storage

Accuracy of full-arch digital impressions: an in vitro and in vivo comparison

Analysis of the association of TNF-α, IL-1A, and IL-1B polymorphisms with peri-implantitis in a Chinese non-smoking population