Skip to main content
Top
Published in: European Spine Journal 3/2014

01-03-2014 | Original Article

Clinicians’ views on factors that trigger a sudden onset of low back pain

Authors: Daniel Steffens, Chris G. Maher, Manuela L. Ferreira, Mark J. Hancock, Timothy Glass, Jane Latimer

Published in: European Spine Journal | Issue 3/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

Little is known about what triggers an episode of low back pain (LBP) in those presenting to primary care. Previous studies of risk factors have focused on specific occupational settings and work conditions. No study has asked primary care clinicians to consider what triggers an episode of sudden-onset LBP in patients presenting to them for care. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to describe the short- and long-term factors that primary care clinicians consider important in triggering a sudden episode of acute LBP.

Methods

One hundred and thirty-one primary care clinicians who were recruiting patients with LBP to a large observational study were invited to participate. A questionnaire was designed to obtain information about the clinician’s characteristics, profession and clinical experience. We also asked clinicians to nominate the five short- and five long-term exposure factors, most likely to trigger a sudden episode of acute LBP, based on their experience. Descriptive statistics and frequency distributions were used to describe clinician’s characteristics and the frequencies of the main risk factor categories were reported.

Results

Based on the views of 103 primary care clinicians, biomechanical risk factors appear to be the most important short-term triggers (endorsed by 89.3 % of clinicians) and long-term triggers (endorsed by 54.2 % of clinicians) for a sudden episode of acute LBP. Individual risk factors were endorsed by 39 % of clinicians as important long-term triggers, while only 6.4 % of clinicians considered them important short-term triggers. Other risk factors, such as psychological/psychosocial and genetic factors, were not commonly endorsed as risk factors for an episode of LBP by primary care clinicians.

Conclusions

This study shows that primary care clinicians believe that biomechanical risk factors are the most important short-term triggers, while biomechanical and individual risk factors are the most important long-term triggers for a sudden onset of LBP. However, other risk factors, such as psychological/psychosocial and genetic, were not commonly endorsed as risk factors for an episode of LBP by primary care clinicians. Results of this study are based on primary care clinicians’ views and further investigation is needed to test the validity of these suggested risk factors.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Britt H, Miller G, Knox S, Charles J, Pan Y, Henderson J, Baryram C, Valenti L, Ng A, O’Halloran J (2005) General practice activity in Australia 2004–2005. General practice series No. 18. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra Britt H, Miller G, Knox S, Charles J, Pan Y, Henderson J, Baryram C, Valenti L, Ng A, O’Halloran J (2005) General practice activity in Australia 2004–2005. General practice series No. 18. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra
3.
go back to reference Williams C, Maher C, Hancock M, McAuley J, McLachlan A, Britt H, Fahridin S, Harrison C, Latimer J (2010) Low back pain and best practice care: a survey of general practice physicians. JAMA 170(3):271–277 Williams C, Maher C, Hancock M, McAuley J, McLachlan A, Britt H, Fahridin S, Harrison C, Latimer J (2010) Low back pain and best practice care: a survey of general practice physicians. JAMA 170(3):271–277
5.
go back to reference Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, Naghavi M, Flaxman AD, Michaud C, Ezzati M, Shibuya K, Salomon JA, Abdalla S, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Ackerman I, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Ali MK, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, Bahalim AN, Barker-Collo S, Barrero LH, Bartels DH, Basanez MG, Baxter A, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bernabe E, Bhalla K, Bhandari B, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Black JA, Blencowe H, Blore JD, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Bonaventure A, Boufous S, Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Braithwaite T, Brayne C, Bridgett L, Brooker S, Brooks P, Brugha TS, Bryan-Hancock C, Bucello C, Buchbinder R, Buckle G, Budke CM, Burch M, Burney P, Burstein R, Calabria B, Campbell B, Canter CE, Carabin H, Carapetis J, Carmona L, Cella C, Charlson F, Chen H, Cheng AT, Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng LE, Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahiya M, Dahodwala N, Damsere-Derry J, Danaei G, Davis A, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Dellavalle R, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Derrett S, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD, Dherani M, Diaz-Torne C, Dolk H, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Edmond K, Elbaz A, Ali SE, Erskine H, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ewoigbokhan SE, Farzadfar F, Feigin V, Felson DT, Ferrari A, Ferri CP, Fevre EM, Finucane MM, Flaxman S, Flood L, Foreman K, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabbe BJ, Gabriel SE, Gakidou E, Ganatra HA, Garcia B, Gaspari F, Gillum RF, Gmel G, Gonzalez-Medina D, Gosselin R, Grainger R, Grant B, Groeger J, Guillemin F, Gunnell D, Gupta R, Haagsma J, Hagan H, Halasa YA, Hall W, Haring D, Haro JM, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Higashi H, Hill C, Hoen B, Hoffman H, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Huang JJ, Ibeanusi SE, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jarvis D, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, Johns N, Jonas JB, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Kawakami N, Keren A, Khoo JP, King CH, Knowlton LM, Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Laden F, Lalloo R, Laslett LL, Lathlean T, Leasher JL, Lee YY, Leigh J, Levinson D, Lim SS, Limb E, Lin JK, Lipnick M, Lipshultz SE, Liu W, Loane M, Ohno SL, Lyons R, Mabweijano J, MacIntyre MF, Malekzadeh R, Mallinger L, Manivannan S, Marcenes W, March L, Margolis DJ, Marks GB, Marks R, Matsumori A, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, McAnulty JH, McDermott MM, McGill N, McGrath J, Medina-Mora ME, Meltzer M, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Meyer AC, Miglioli V, Miller M, Miller TR, Mitchell PB, Mock C, Mocumbi AO, Moffitt TE, Mokdad AA, Monasta L, Montico M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moran A, Morawska L, Mori R, Murdoch ME, Mwaniki MK, Naidoo K, Nair MN, Naldi L, Narayan KM, Nelson PK, Nelson RG, Nevitt MC, Newton CR, Nolte S, Norman P, Norman R, O’Donnell M, O’Hanlon S, Olives C, Omer SB, Ortblad K, Osborne R, Ozgediz D, Page A, Pahari B, Pandian JD, Rivero AP, Patten SB, Pearce N, Padilla RP, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Phillips D, Phillips MR, Pierce K, Pion S, Polanczyk GV, Polinder S, Pope CA, 3rd, Popova S, Porrini E, Pourmalek F, Prince M, Pullan RL, Ramaiah KD, Ranganathan D, Razavi H, Regan M, Rehm JT, Rein DB, Remuzzi G, Richardson K, Rivara FP, Roberts T, Robinson C, De Leon FR, Ronfani L, Room R, Rosenfeld LC, Rushton L, Sacco RL, Saha S, Sampson U, Sanchez-Riera L, Sanman E, Schwebel DC, Scott JG, Segui-Gomez M, Shahraz S, Shepard DS, Shin H, Shivakoti R, Singh D, Singh GM, Singh JA, Singleton J, Sleet DA, Sliwa K, Smith E, Smith JL, Stapelberg NJ, Steer A, Steiner T, Stolk WA, Stovner LJ, Sudfeld C, Syed S, Tamburlini G, Tavakkoli M, Taylor HR, Taylor JA, Taylor WJ, Thomas B, Thomson WM, Thurston GD, Tleyjeh IM, Tonelli M, Towbin JA, Truelsen T, Tsilimbaris MK, Ubeda C, Undurraga EA, van der Werf MJ, van Os J, Vavilala MS, Venketasubramanian N, Wang M, Wang W, Watt K, Weatherall DJ, Weinstock MA, Weintraub R, Weisskopf MG, Weissman MM, White RA, Whiteford H, Wiebe N, Wiersma ST, Wilkinson JD, Williams HC, Williams SR, Witt E, Wolfe F, Woolf AD, Wulf S, Yeh PH, Zaidi AK, Zheng ZJ, Zonies D, Lopez AD, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA (2012) Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380 (9859):2197–2223. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61689-4 Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, Naghavi M, Flaxman AD, Michaud C, Ezzati M, Shibuya K, Salomon JA, Abdalla S, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Ackerman I, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Ali MK, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, Bahalim AN, Barker-Collo S, Barrero LH, Bartels DH, Basanez MG, Baxter A, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bernabe E, Bhalla K, Bhandari B, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Black JA, Blencowe H, Blore JD, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Bonaventure A, Boufous S, Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Braithwaite T, Brayne C, Bridgett L, Brooker S, Brooks P, Brugha TS, Bryan-Hancock C, Bucello C, Buchbinder R, Buckle G, Budke CM, Burch M, Burney P, Burstein R, Calabria B, Campbell B, Canter CE, Carabin H, Carapetis J, Carmona L, Cella C, Charlson F, Chen H, Cheng AT, Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng LE, Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahiya M, Dahodwala N, Damsere-Derry J, Danaei G, Davis A, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Dellavalle R, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Derrett S, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD, Dherani M, Diaz-Torne C, Dolk H, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Edmond K, Elbaz A, Ali SE, Erskine H, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ewoigbokhan SE, Farzadfar F, Feigin V, Felson DT, Ferrari A, Ferri CP, Fevre EM, Finucane MM, Flaxman S, Flood L, Foreman K, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabbe BJ, Gabriel SE, Gakidou E, Ganatra HA, Garcia B, Gaspari F, Gillum RF, Gmel G, Gonzalez-Medina D, Gosselin R, Grainger R, Grant B, Groeger J, Guillemin F, Gunnell D, Gupta R, Haagsma J, Hagan H, Halasa YA, Hall W, Haring D, Haro JM, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Higashi H, Hill C, Hoen B, Hoffman H, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Huang JJ, Ibeanusi SE, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jarvis D, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, Johns N, Jonas JB, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Kawakami N, Keren A, Khoo JP, King CH, Knowlton LM, Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Laden F, Lalloo R, Laslett LL, Lathlean T, Leasher JL, Lee YY, Leigh J, Levinson D, Lim SS, Limb E, Lin JK, Lipnick M, Lipshultz SE, Liu W, Loane M, Ohno SL, Lyons R, Mabweijano J, MacIntyre MF, Malekzadeh R, Mallinger L, Manivannan S, Marcenes W, March L, Margolis DJ, Marks GB, Marks R, Matsumori A, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, McAnulty JH, McDermott MM, McGill N, McGrath J, Medina-Mora ME, Meltzer M, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Meyer AC, Miglioli V, Miller M, Miller TR, Mitchell PB, Mock C, Mocumbi AO, Moffitt TE, Mokdad AA, Monasta L, Montico M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moran A, Morawska L, Mori R, Murdoch ME, Mwaniki MK, Naidoo K, Nair MN, Naldi L, Narayan KM, Nelson PK, Nelson RG, Nevitt MC, Newton CR, Nolte S, Norman P, Norman R, O’Donnell M, O’Hanlon S, Olives C, Omer SB, Ortblad K, Osborne R, Ozgediz D, Page A, Pahari B, Pandian JD, Rivero AP, Patten SB, Pearce N, Padilla RP, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Phillips D, Phillips MR, Pierce K, Pion S, Polanczyk GV, Polinder S, Pope CA, 3rd, Popova S, Porrini E, Pourmalek F, Prince M, Pullan RL, Ramaiah KD, Ranganathan D, Razavi H, Regan M, Rehm JT, Rein DB, Remuzzi G, Richardson K, Rivara FP, Roberts T, Robinson C, De Leon FR, Ronfani L, Room R, Rosenfeld LC, Rushton L, Sacco RL, Saha S, Sampson U, Sanchez-Riera L, Sanman E, Schwebel DC, Scott JG, Segui-Gomez M, Shahraz S, Shepard DS, Shin H, Shivakoti R, Singh D, Singh GM, Singh JA, Singleton J, Sleet DA, Sliwa K, Smith E, Smith JL, Stapelberg NJ, Steer A, Steiner T, Stolk WA, Stovner LJ, Sudfeld C, Syed S, Tamburlini G, Tavakkoli M, Taylor HR, Taylor JA, Taylor WJ, Thomas B, Thomson WM, Thurston GD, Tleyjeh IM, Tonelli M, Towbin JA, Truelsen T, Tsilimbaris MK, Ubeda C, Undurraga EA, van der Werf MJ, van Os J, Vavilala MS, Venketasubramanian N, Wang M, Wang W, Watt K, Weatherall DJ, Weinstock MA, Weintraub R, Weisskopf MG, Weissman MM, White RA, Whiteford H, Wiebe N, Wiersma ST, Wilkinson JD, Williams HC, Williams SR, Witt E, Wolfe F, Woolf AD, Wulf S, Yeh PH, Zaidi AK, Zheng ZJ, Zonies D, Lopez AD, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA (2012) Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380 (9859):2197–2223. doi:10.​1016/​s0140-6736(12)61689-4
6.
go back to reference Hoy D, March L, Brooks P, Woolf A, Blyth F, Vos T, Buchbinder R (2010) Measuring the global burden of low back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 24:155–165PubMedCrossRef Hoy D, March L, Brooks P, Woolf A, Blyth F, Vos T, Buchbinder R (2010) Measuring the global burden of low back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 24:155–165PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Manek NJ, MacGregor AJ (2005) Epidemiology of back disorders: prevalence, risk factors, and prognosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 17:134–140PubMed Manek NJ, MacGregor AJ (2005) Epidemiology of back disorders: prevalence, risk factors, and prognosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 17:134–140PubMed
8.
go back to reference Latza U, Karmaus W, Stürmer T, Steiner M, Neth A, Rehder U (2000) Cohort study of occupational risk factors of low back pain in construction workers. Occup Environ Med 57:28–34PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Latza U, Karmaus W, Stürmer T, Steiner M, Neth A, Rehder U (2000) Cohort study of occupational risk factors of low back pain in construction workers. Occup Environ Med 57:28–34PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Ferguson S, Allread W, Burr D, Heaney C, Marras W (2012) Biomechanical, psychosocial and individual risk factors predicting low back functional impairment among furniture distribution employees. Clin Biomech 27:117–123CrossRef Ferguson S, Allread W, Burr D, Heaney C, Marras W (2012) Biomechanical, psychosocial and individual risk factors predicting low back functional impairment among furniture distribution employees. Clin Biomech 27:117–123CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Burdorf A, Naaktgeboren B, de Groot HCWM (1993) Occupational risk factors for low back pain among sedentary workers. J Occup Med 35(12):1213–1220PubMed Burdorf A, Naaktgeboren B, de Groot HCWM (1993) Occupational risk factors for low back pain among sedentary workers. J Occup Med 35(12):1213–1220PubMed
11.
go back to reference Frymoyer JW, Pope MH, Clements JH, Wilder DG, MacPherson B, Ashikaga T, Vermont B (1983) Risk factors in low-back pain: An epidemiological survey. J B Join Surg 65-A(2):213–218 Frymoyer JW, Pope MH, Clements JH, Wilder DG, MacPherson B, Ashikaga T, Vermont B (1983) Risk factors in low-back pain: An epidemiological survey. J B Join Surg 65-A(2):213–218
12.
go back to reference Kerr MS, Frank JW, Shannon HS, Norman RWK, Wells RP, Neumann WP (2001) Biomechanical and psychosocial risk factors for low back pain at work. Am J Pub Health 91(7):1069–1075CrossRef Kerr MS, Frank JW, Shannon HS, Norman RWK, Wells RP, Neumann WP (2001) Biomechanical and psychosocial risk factors for low back pain at work. Am J Pub Health 91(7):1069–1075CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Lee P, Helewa A, Goldsmith CH, Smythe HA, Stitt LW (2000) Low back pain: prevalence and risk factors in an industrial setting. J Rheumatol 28(2):346–351 Lee P, Helewa A, Goldsmith CH, Smythe HA, Stitt LW (2000) Low back pain: prevalence and risk factors in an industrial setting. J Rheumatol 28(2):346–351
14.
go back to reference Marras W, Lavender S, Leurgans S, Fathallah F, Ferguson S, Allread W, Rajulu S (1995) Biomechanical risk factors for occupationally related low back disorders. Ergonomics 38(2):377–410PubMedCrossRef Marras W, Lavender S, Leurgans S, Fathallah F, Ferguson S, Allread W, Rajulu S (1995) Biomechanical risk factors for occupationally related low back disorders. Ergonomics 38(2):377–410PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Murtezani A, Ibraimi Z, Sllamniku S, Osmani T, Sherifi S (2011) Prevalence and risk factors for low back pain in industrial workers. Folia Med 53(3):68–74 Murtezani A, Ibraimi Z, Sllamniku S, Osmani T, Sherifi S (2011) Prevalence and risk factors for low back pain in industrial workers. Folia Med 53(3):68–74
16.
go back to reference Nieuwenhuyse AV, Fatkhutdinova L, Verbeke G, Pirenne D, Johannik K, Somville PR, Mairiaux P, Moens GF, Masschelein R (2004) Risk factors for first-ever low back pain among workers in their first employment. Occup Med 54:513–519CrossRef Nieuwenhuyse AV, Fatkhutdinova L, Verbeke G, Pirenne D, Johannik K, Somville PR, Mairiaux P, Moens GF, Masschelein R (2004) Risk factors for first-ever low back pain among workers in their first employment. Occup Med 54:513–519CrossRef
17.
18.
go back to reference Troup JDG (1984) Causes, prediction and prevention of back pain at work. Scand J Work Environ Health 10:419–428PubMedCrossRef Troup JDG (1984) Causes, prediction and prevention of back pain at work. Scand J Work Environ Health 10:419–428PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Vandergrift JL, Gold JE, Hanlon A, Punnett L (2012) Physical and psychosocial ergonomic risk factors for low back pain in automobile manufacturing workers. Occup Environ Med 69:29–34PubMedCrossRef Vandergrift JL, Gold JE, Hanlon A, Punnett L (2012) Physical and psychosocial ergonomic risk factors for low back pain in automobile manufacturing workers. Occup Environ Med 69:29–34PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Vindigni D, Walker BF, Jamison JR, Da Costa C, Parkinson L, Blunden S (2005) Low back pain risk factors in a large rural Australian Aboriginal community. An opportunity for managing co-morbidities? Chiropr Osteopathy 13(1):21CrossRef Vindigni D, Walker BF, Jamison JR, Da Costa C, Parkinson L, Blunden S (2005) Low back pain risk factors in a large rural Australian Aboriginal community. An opportunity for managing co-morbidities? Chiropr Osteopathy 13(1):21CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Griffith LE, Shannon HS, Wells RP, Walter SD, Cole DC, Cote P, Frank J, Hogg-Johnson S, Langlois LE (2012) Individual participant data meta-analysis of mechanical workplace risk factors and low back pain. Am J Public Health 102:309–318PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Griffith LE, Shannon HS, Wells RP, Walter SD, Cole DC, Cote P, Frank J, Hogg-Johnson S, Langlois LE (2012) Individual participant data meta-analysis of mechanical workplace risk factors and low back pain. Am J Public Health 102:309–318PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Hoogendoorn WE, van Poppel MNM, Bongers PM, Koes BW, Bouter LM (2000) Systematic review of psychosocial factors at work and private life as risk factors for back pain. Spine 25(16):2114–2125PubMedCrossRef Hoogendoorn WE, van Poppel MNM, Bongers PM, Koes BW, Bouter LM (2000) Systematic review of psychosocial factors at work and private life as risk factors for back pain. Spine 25(16):2114–2125PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Janwantanakul P, Sitthipornvorakul E, Paksaichol A (2012) Risk factors for the onset of nonspecific low back pain in office workers: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies. J Manip Physiol Ther 35:568–577CrossRef Janwantanakul P, Sitthipornvorakul E, Paksaichol A (2012) Risk factors for the onset of nonspecific low back pain in office workers: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies. J Manip Physiol Ther 35:568–577CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Linton SJ (2000) A review of psychological risk factors in back and neck pain. Spine 25(9):1148–1156PubMedCrossRef Linton SJ (2000) A review of psychological risk factors in back and neck pain. Spine 25(9):1148–1156PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Ramond A, Bouton C, Richard I, Roquelaure Y, Baufreton C, Legrand E, Huez J (2011) Psychosocial risk factors for chronic low back pain in primary care—a systematic review. Fam Pract 28:12–21PubMedCrossRef Ramond A, Bouton C, Richard I, Roquelaure Y, Baufreton C, Legrand E, Huez J (2011) Psychosocial risk factors for chronic low back pain in primary care—a systematic review. Fam Pract 28:12–21PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Adams M, Mannion AF, Dolan P (1999) Personal risk factors for first-time low back pain. Spine 24(23):2497–2505PubMedCrossRef Adams M, Mannion AF, Dolan P (1999) Personal risk factors for first-time low back pain. Spine 24(23):2497–2505PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Chen S, Liu M, Cook J, Bass S, Lo SK (2009) Sedentary lifestyle as a risk factor for low back pain: a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 82:797–806PubMedCrossRef Chen S, Liu M, Cook J, Bass S, Lo SK (2009) Sedentary lifestyle as a risk factor for low back pain: a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 82:797–806PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Leboeuf-Yde C (2000) Body weight and low back pain: a systematic literature review of 56 journal articles reporting on 65 epidemiologic studies. Spine 25(2):226–237PubMedCrossRef Leboeuf-Yde C (2000) Body weight and low back pain: a systematic literature review of 56 journal articles reporting on 65 epidemiologic studies. Spine 25(2):226–237PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Leboeuf-Yde C (2004) Back pain—individual and genetic factors. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 14:129–133PubMedCrossRef Leboeuf-Yde C (2004) Back pain—individual and genetic factors. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 14:129–133PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Reisbord LS, Greenland S (1985) Factors associated with self-reported back-pain prevalence: a population-based study. J Chronic Dis 38(8):691–702PubMedCrossRef Reisbord LS, Greenland S (1985) Factors associated with self-reported back-pain prevalence: a population-based study. J Chronic Dis 38(8):691–702PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Wang S, Dezinno P, Maranets I, Berman M, Caldwell-Andrews AA, Kain ZN (2004) Low back pain during pregnancy: prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes. Am Coll Obstet Gynecol 104(1):65–70CrossRef Wang S, Dezinno P, Maranets I, Berman M, Caldwell-Andrews AA, Kain ZN (2004) Low back pain during pregnancy: prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes. Am Coll Obstet Gynecol 104(1):65–70CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Livshits G, Popham M, Malkin I, Sambrook PN, MacGregor AJ, Spector T, Williams FMK (2011) Lumbar disc degeneration and genetic factors are the main risk factors for low back pain in women: the UK Twin Spine Study. Ann Rheum Dis 70:1740–1745PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Livshits G, Popham M, Malkin I, Sambrook PN, MacGregor AJ, Spector T, Williams FMK (2011) Lumbar disc degeneration and genetic factors are the main risk factors for low back pain in women: the UK Twin Spine Study. Ann Rheum Dis 70:1740–1745PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Ferguson SA, Marras WS (1997) A literature review of low back disorder surveillance measures and risk factors. Clin Biomech 12(4):211–226CrossRef Ferguson SA, Marras WS (1997) A literature review of low back disorder surveillance measures and risk factors. Clin Biomech 12(4):211–226CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Davis K, Heaney C (2000) The relationship between psychosocial work characteristics and low back pain: underlying methodological issues. Clin Biomech 15(6):389–406CrossRef Davis K, Heaney C (2000) The relationship between psychosocial work characteristics and low back pain: underlying methodological issues. Clin Biomech 15(6):389–406CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Viera AJ, Garrett JM (2005) Understanding interobserver agreement: the kappa statistic. Fam Med 37(5):360–363PubMed Viera AJ, Garrett JM (2005) Understanding interobserver agreement: the kappa statistic. Fam Med 37(5):360–363PubMed
37.
go back to reference Hoy D, Brooks P, Blyth F, Buchbinder R (2010) The epidemiology of low back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 24:769–781PubMedCrossRef Hoy D, Brooks P, Blyth F, Buchbinder R (2010) The epidemiology of low back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 24:769–781PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Clinicians’ views on factors that trigger a sudden onset of low back pain
Authors
Daniel Steffens
Chris G. Maher
Manuela L. Ferreira
Mark J. Hancock
Timothy Glass
Jane Latimer
Publication date
01-03-2014
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Spine Journal / Issue 3/2014
Print ISSN: 0940-6719
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0932
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-013-3120-y

Other articles of this Issue 3/2014

European Spine Journal 3/2014 Go to the issue