Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Supportive Care in Cancer 5/2006

01-05-2006 | Original Article

Cancer survivors’ received and needed social support from their work place and the occupational health services

Authors: Taina Taskila, Marja-Liisa Lindbohm, Rami Martikainen, Ulla-Sisko Lehto, Jari Hakanen, Päivi Hietanen

Published in: Supportive Care in Cancer | Issue 5/2006

Login to get access

Abstract

Goals of work

Even though a lot of studies have been conducted concerning cancer patients’ social support, the importance of social support from the work life is unclear. We examined the amount of emotional and practical support that cancer survivors needed and had actually received from their coworkers, supervisors, and the occupational health personnel. We also examined whether disease-related or sociodemographic background variables were associated with needed or received support. Finally, we investigated whether there were differences between various sources in received or needed support.

Patients and methods

The data consisted of a total of 640 cancer survivors with breast cancer, lymphoma, testicular or prostate cancer, aged 25–57 years at the time of diagnosis. Information on social support was collected with a mailed questionnaire using an adapted version of the Structural-Functional Social Support Scale (SFSS).

Main results

The cancer survivors had received most support from their coworkers and they hoped for more support especially from the occupational health care personnel (39% of women and 29% of men). The men who had lymphoma, had received chemotherapy, or had low education level needed more support. The need for practical support from the occupational health personnel was fivefold between the chemotherapy-treated and those not treated. The women both received and needed more support than the men did.

Conclusions

There is a clear need for additional social support from work life among the cancer survivors especially from the occupational health personnel.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Aass N, Fosså S-D, Dahl A-A, Moe T-J (1997) Prevalence of anxiety and depression in cancer patients seen at the Norwegian Radium Hospital. Eur J Cancer 33:1597–1604PubMedCrossRef Aass N, Fosså S-D, Dahl A-A, Moe T-J (1997) Prevalence of anxiety and depression in cancer patients seen at the Norwegian Radium Hospital. Eur J Cancer 33:1597–1604PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Baruch-Feldman C, Brondolo E, Ben-Dayan D, Schwartz J (2002) Sources of social support and burnout, job satisfaction, and productivity. J Occup Health Psychol 7:84–93PubMedCrossRef Baruch-Feldman C, Brondolo E, Ben-Dayan D, Schwartz J (2002) Sources of social support and burnout, job satisfaction, and productivity. J Occup Health Psychol 7:84–93PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Bildt C, Michelsen H (2002) Gender differences in the effects from working conditions on mental health: a 4-year follow-up. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 75:252–258PubMedCrossRef Bildt C, Michelsen H (2002) Gender differences in the effects from working conditions on mental health: a 4-year follow-up. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 75:252–258PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Blanchard C, Albrecht T, Ruckdeschel J, Grant C-H, Hemmich R-M (1995) The role of social support in adaption to cancer and to survival. J Psychosoc Oncol 13:75–95CrossRef Blanchard C, Albrecht T, Ruckdeschel J, Grant C-H, Hemmich R-M (1995) The role of social support in adaption to cancer and to survival. J Psychosoc Oncol 13:75–95CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Bloom J-R, Stewart SL, Johnston M, Banks P, Fobair P (2001) Sources of support and the physical and mental well-being of young women with breast cancer. Soc Sci Med 53:1513–1524PubMedCrossRef Bloom J-R, Stewart SL, Johnston M, Banks P, Fobair P (2001) Sources of support and the physical and mental well-being of young women with breast cancer. Soc Sci Med 53:1513–1524PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Bradley C-J, Bednarek H-L (2002) Employment patterns of long-term cancer survivors. Psychooncology 11:188–198PubMedCrossRef Bradley C-J, Bednarek H-L (2002) Employment patterns of long-term cancer survivors. Psychooncology 11:188–198PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Chan C-W, Molassiotis A, Yam B-M, Chan S-J, Lam C-S (2001) Traveling through the cancer trajectory: social support perceived by women with gynecologic cancer in Hong Kong. Cancer Nurs 24:387–394PubMedCrossRef Chan C-W, Molassiotis A, Yam B-M, Chan S-J, Lam C-S (2001) Traveling through the cancer trajectory: social support perceived by women with gynecologic cancer in Hong Kong. Cancer Nurs 24:387–394PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Chirikos T-N, Russell-Jacobs A, Cantor A-B (2002) Indirect economic effects of long-term breast cancer survival. Cancer Pract 10:248–255PubMedCrossRef Chirikos T-N, Russell-Jacobs A, Cantor A-B (2002) Indirect economic effects of long-term breast cancer survival. Cancer Pract 10:248–255PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Dakof G-A, Taylor S-E (1990) Victims’ perceptions of social support: what is helpful from whom? J Pers Soc Psychol 58:80–89PubMedCrossRef Dakof G-A, Taylor S-E (1990) Victims’ perceptions of social support: what is helpful from whom? J Pers Soc Psychol 58:80–89PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference de Jong N, Courtens A-M, Abu-Saad H-H, Schouten H-C (2002) Fatigue in patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: a review of the literature. Cancer Nurs 25:283–297PubMedCrossRef de Jong N, Courtens A-M, Abu-Saad H-H, Schouten H-C (2002) Fatigue in patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: a review of the literature. Cancer Nurs 25:283–297PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference De Leeuw J-R, De Graeff A, Ros W-J, Hordijk G-J, Blijham G-H, Winnubst, J-A (2000) Negative and positive influences of social support on depression in patients with head and neck cancer: a prospective study. Psychooncology 9:20–28PubMedCrossRef De Leeuw J-R, De Graeff A, Ros W-J, Hordijk G-J, Blijham G-H, Winnubst, J-A (2000) Negative and positive influences of social support on depression in patients with head and neck cancer: a prospective study. Psychooncology 9:20–28PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Deimling G-T, Wagner L-J, Bowman K-F, Sterns S, Kercher K, Kahana B (2005) Coping among older-adult, long-term cancer survivors. Psychooncology (in press) Deimling G-T, Wagner L-J, Bowman K-F, Sterns S, Kercher K, Kahana B (2005) Coping among older-adult, long-term cancer survivors. Psychooncology (in press)
13.
go back to reference Diggle P, Liang K-Y, Zeger S (1994) Analysis of longitudinal data. Clarendon, Oxford Diggle P, Liang K-Y, Zeger S (1994) Analysis of longitudinal data. Clarendon, Oxford
14.
go back to reference Elo A-L, Dallner M, Gamberale F, Hottinen V, Knardhal S, Lindstom K, Skostad A, Orhede E (2001) User’s guide for the QPSNordic: general Nordic questionnaire for psychological and social factors at work. Nordic Council of Ministers: Copenhagen Elo A-L, Dallner M, Gamberale F, Hottinen V, Knardhal S, Lindstom K, Skostad A, Orhede E (2001) User’s guide for the QPSNordic: general Nordic questionnaire for psychological and social factors at work. Nordic Council of Ministers: Copenhagen
15.
go back to reference Elovainio M, Kivimaki M, Vahtera J, Ojanlatva A, Korkeila K, Suominen S, Helenius H, Koskenvuo M (2003) Social support, early retirement, and a retirement preference: a study of 10,489 Finnish adults. J Occup Environ Med 45:433–439PubMedCrossRef Elovainio M, Kivimaki M, Vahtera J, Ojanlatva A, Korkeila K, Suominen S, Helenius H, Koskenvuo M (2003) Social support, early retirement, and a retirement preference: a study of 10,489 Finnish adults. J Occup Environ Med 45:433–439PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Flaherty J, Richman J (1989) Gender differences in the perception and utilization of social support: theoretical perspectives and an empirical test. Soc Sci Med 28: 1221–1228PubMedCrossRef Flaherty J, Richman J (1989) Gender differences in the perception and utilization of social support: theoretical perspectives and an empirical test. Soc Sci Med 28: 1221–1228PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Guidry J-J, Greisinger A, Aday L-A, Winn R-J, Vernon S, Trochmorton T-A (1996) Barriers to cancer treatment: a review of published research. Oncol Nurs Forum 23:1393–1398PubMed Guidry J-J, Greisinger A, Aday L-A, Winn R-J, Vernon S, Trochmorton T-A (1996) Barriers to cancer treatment: a review of published research. Oncol Nurs Forum 23:1393–1398PubMed
18.
go back to reference Hann D, Baker F, Denniston M, Gesme D, Reding D, Flynn T, Kennedy J, Kieltyka R-L (2002) The influence of social support on depressive symptoms in cancer patients: age and gender differences. J Psychosom Res 52:279–283PubMedCrossRef Hann D, Baker F, Denniston M, Gesme D, Reding D, Flynn T, Kennedy J, Kieltyka R-L (2002) The influence of social support on depressive symptoms in cancer patients: age and gender differences. J Psychosom Res 52:279–283PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Harrison J, Maguire P, Pitceathly C (1995) Confiding in crisis: gender differences in pattern of confiding among cancer patients. Soc Sci Med 41:1255–1260PubMedCrossRef Harrison J, Maguire P, Pitceathly C (1995) Confiding in crisis: gender differences in pattern of confiding among cancer patients. Soc Sci Med 41:1255–1260PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Hewitt M, Rowland J-H, Yancik R (2003) Cancer survivors in the United States: age, health, and disability. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 58:82–91PubMed Hewitt M, Rowland J-H, Yancik R (2003) Cancer survivors in the United States: age, health, and disability. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 58:82–91PubMed
21.
go back to reference Hipkins J, Whitworth M, Tarrier N, Jayson G (2004) Social support, anxiety and depression after chemotherapy for ovarian cancer: a prospective study. Br J Health Psychol 9:569–581PubMedCrossRef Hipkins J, Whitworth M, Tarrier N, Jayson G (2004) Social support, anxiety and depression after chemotherapy for ovarian cancer: a prospective study. Br J Health Psychol 9:569–581PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Ihlebaek C, Eriksen H-R (2003) Occupational and social variation in subjective health complaints. Occup Med (Lond) 53:270–278CrossRef Ihlebaek C, Eriksen H-R (2003) Occupational and social variation in subjective health complaints. Occup Med (Lond) 53:270–278CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Kornblith A-B, Herndon J-E, Zuckerman E, Viscoli C-M, Horwitz R-I, Cooper M-R, Tkaczuk K-H, Perry M-C, Budman D, Norton L-C, Holland J (2001) Social support as a buffer to the psychological impact of stressful life events in women with breast cancer. Cancer 91:443–454PubMedCrossRef Kornblith A-B, Herndon J-E, Zuckerman E, Viscoli C-M, Horwitz R-I, Cooper M-R, Tkaczuk K-H, Perry M-C, Budman D, Norton L-C, Holland J (2001) Social support as a buffer to the psychological impact of stressful life events in women with breast cancer. Cancer 91:443–454PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Krishnasamy M (1995) Social support and the patient with cancer: a consideration of the literature. J Adv Nurs 23:757–762CrossRef Krishnasamy M (1995) Social support and the patient with cancer: a consideration of the literature. J Adv Nurs 23:757–762CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Lehto U-S, Ojanen M, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P (2005) Predictors of quality of life in newly diagnosed melanoma and breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol 16:805–816PubMedCrossRef Lehto U-S, Ojanen M, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P (2005) Predictors of quality of life in newly diagnosed melanoma and breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol 16:805–816PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Lehto-Järnstedt U-S, Ojanen M, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P (2004) Cancer-specific social support received by newly diagnosed cancer patients: validating the new Structural–Functional Social Support Scale (SFSS) measurement tool. Support Care Cancer 12:326–337PubMedCrossRef Lehto-Järnstedt U-S, Ojanen M, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P (2004) Cancer-specific social support received by newly diagnosed cancer patients: validating the new Structural–Functional Social Support Scale (SFSS) measurement tool. Support Care Cancer 12:326–337PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Lehto-Järnstedt U-S, Ojanen M, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P (2004) Structural–Functional Social Support Scale, QOLID, the Quality of Life Instruments Database Lehto-Järnstedt U-S, Ojanen M, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P (2004) Structural–Functional Social Support Scale, QOLID, the Quality of Life Instruments Database
28.
go back to reference Lindley C, McCune JS, Thomason TE, Lauder D, Sauls A, Adkings S, Sawyer W-T (1999) Perception of chemotherapy side effects cancer versus noncancer patients. Cancer Pract 7:59–65PubMedCrossRef Lindley C, McCune JS, Thomason TE, Lauder D, Sauls A, Adkings S, Sawyer W-T (1999) Perception of chemotherapy side effects cancer versus noncancer patients. Cancer Pract 7:59–65PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Maunsell E, Drolet M, Brisson J, Brisson C, Masse B, Deschenes L (2004) Work situation after breast cancer: results from a population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst 96:1813–1822PubMedCrossRef Maunsell E, Drolet M, Brisson J, Brisson C, Masse B, Deschenes L (2004) Work situation after breast cancer: results from a population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst 96:1813–1822PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Mustard C-A, Vermeulen M, Lavis J-N (2003) Is position in the occupational hierarchy a determinant of decline in perceived health status? Soc Sci Med 57:2291–2303PubMedCrossRef Mustard C-A, Vermeulen M, Lavis J-N (2003) Is position in the occupational hierarchy a determinant of decline in perceived health status? Soc Sci Med 57:2291–2303PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Peeters M, Blanc P-L (2001) Towards a match between job demands and sources of social support: a study among oncology care providers. Eur J Work Organ Psychol 10:53–72CrossRef Peeters M, Blanc P-L (2001) Towards a match between job demands and sources of social support: a study among oncology care providers. Eur J Work Organ Psychol 10:53–72CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Schaefer C, Coyne J-C, Lazarus RS (1981) The health-related functions of social support. J Behav Med 4:381–406PubMedCrossRef Schaefer C, Coyne J-C, Lazarus RS (1981) The health-related functions of social support. J Behav Med 4:381–406PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Sharpe L, Butow P, Smith C, McConnell D, Large C (2005) The relationship between available support, unmet needs and caregiver burden in patients with advanced cancer and their carers. Psychooncology 14:102–114PubMedCrossRef Sharpe L, Butow P, Smith C, McConnell D, Large C (2005) The relationship between available support, unmet needs and caregiver burden in patients with advanced cancer and their carers. Psychooncology 14:102–114PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Short PF, Vasey J-J, Tunceli K (2005) Employment pathways in a large cohort of adult cancer survivors. Cancer 103:1292–1301PubMedCrossRef Short PF, Vasey J-J, Tunceli K (2005) Employment pathways in a large cohort of adult cancer survivors. Cancer 103:1292–1301PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Spelten E-R, Verbeek J-H, Uitterhoeve A-L, Ansik A-C, Van Der Lelie J, De Reijke D, Kammeijer R, De Haes J-C, Sprangers M-A (2003) Cancer, fatigue and the return of patients to work—a prospective cohort study. Eur J Cancer 39:1562–1567PubMedCrossRef Spelten E-R, Verbeek J-H, Uitterhoeve A-L, Ansik A-C, Van Der Lelie J, De Reijke D, Kammeijer R, De Haes J-C, Sprangers M-A (2003) Cancer, fatigue and the return of patients to work—a prospective cohort study. Eur J Cancer 39:1562–1567PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Taskila-Åbrandt T, Martikainen R, Virtanen SV, Hietanen P, Pukkala E, Lindbohm M-L (2004) The impact of education and occupation on the employment status of cancer survivors. Eur J Cancer 40:2488–2493CrossRef Taskila-Åbrandt T, Martikainen R, Virtanen SV, Hietanen P, Pukkala E, Lindbohm M-L (2004) The impact of education and occupation on the employment status of cancer survivors. Eur J Cancer 40:2488–2493CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Taskinen H (ed) (2004) Good occupational health practice —a guide for planning and follow-up of occupational health services. Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki Taskinen H (ed) (2004) Good occupational health practice —a guide for planning and follow-up of occupational health services. Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki
38.
go back to reference Tilastokeskus (2001) Ammattiluokitus (ISCO-88). Tilastokeskus, Helsinki Tilastokeskus (2001) Ammattiluokitus (ISCO-88). Tilastokeskus, Helsinki
39.
go back to reference Väänänen A, Toppinen-Tanner S, Kalimo R, Mutanen P, Vahtera J, Peiro J-M (2003) Job characteristics, physical and psychological symptoms, and social support as antecedents of sickness absence among men and women in the private industrial sector. Soc Sci Med 57:807–824PubMedCrossRef Väänänen A, Toppinen-Tanner S, Kalimo R, Mutanen P, Vahtera J, Peiro J-M (2003) Job characteristics, physical and psychological symptoms, and social support as antecedents of sickness absence among men and women in the private industrial sector. Soc Sci Med 57:807–824PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Wardle J, McCaffery K, Nadel M, Atkin W (2004) Socioeconomic differences in cancer screening participation: comparing cognitive and psychosocial explanations. Soc Sci Med 59:249–261PubMedCrossRef Wardle J, McCaffery K, Nadel M, Atkin W (2004) Socioeconomic differences in cancer screening participation: comparing cognitive and psychosocial explanations. Soc Sci Med 59:249–261PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Vickers M (2001) Work and unseen chronic illness—silent voices. Routledge, London Vickers M (2001) Work and unseen chronic illness—silent voices. Routledge, London
Metadata
Title
Cancer survivors’ received and needed social support from their work place and the occupational health services
Authors
Taina Taskila
Marja-Liisa Lindbohm
Rami Martikainen
Ulla-Sisko Lehto
Jari Hakanen
Päivi Hietanen
Publication date
01-05-2006
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Supportive Care in Cancer / Issue 5/2006
Print ISSN: 0941-4355
Electronic ISSN: 1433-7339
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-005-0005-6

Other articles of this Issue 5/2006

Supportive Care in Cancer 5/2006 Go to the issue
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine