Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Pediatric Nephrology
Published in: Pediatric Nephrology 9/2017

01-09-2017 | Educational Review

Endemic bladder calculi in children

Authors: Neveen A. Soliman, S. Adibul Hasan Rizvi

Published in: Pediatric Nephrology | Issue 9/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Urinary calculi are being recognized more frequently in children and the urinary bladder is the most common site for stone formation in the lower urinary tract. Bladder calculi are grouped into three basic categories: primary idiopathic/endemic, secondary, and migrant. The incidence of vesical calculi has declined significantly in the last 70 years in developed nations owing to improvements in nutrition and socioeconomic conditions, but it is still high in developing nations. Primary idiopathic/endemic bladder calculi typically occur in children, in the absence of urinary tract infection (UTI), urinary stasis, or foreign body, and diet lacking in animal proteins is the major contributor factor. Comprehensive preventive and treatment strategies are critical for improving the quality of life of diseased children, in addition to helping to eradicate, or at least decrease, the incidence of endemic bladder calculi in developing nations.
Literature
1.
Papatsoris AG, Varkarakis I, Dellis A, Deliveliotis C (2006) Bladder lithiasis: from open surgery to lithotripsy. Urol Res 34:163–167CrossRefPubMed
2.
Degnari RA, Jalbani MH, Abro MA (2009) Transurethral cystolithotripsy for bladder calculi in children. Med Channel 5:110–113
3.
Aggour A, Ziada AM, AbdelHamid AZ, AbdelRahman S, Morsi A (2009) Metabolic stone composition in Egyptian children. J Pediatr Urol 5:132–135CrossRefPubMed
4.
Milliner DS (2009) Urolithiasis. In: Avner ED, Harman WE, Niaudet P, Yoshikawa N (eds) Pediatric nephrology, 6th edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 1405–1424CrossRef
5.
Shah J, Whitfield HN (2002) Urolithiasis through the ages. Br J Urol 89:801–810CrossRef
6.
Michell AR (1989) Urolithiasis-historical, comparative and pathophysiological aspects: a review. J Royal Soc Med 82:669–672
7.
Ellis H (1979) A history of bladder stone. J R Soc Med 72:748–751
8.
Shattock SG (1905) A prehistoric or predynastic Egyptian calculus. Trans Pathol Soc (London) 61:275–290
9.
10.
11.
Dardioti V, Angelopoulos N, Hadjiconstantinou V (1997) Renal diseases in the Hippocratic era. Am J Nephrol 17:214–216CrossRefPubMed
12.
Chakravorty RC (1982) Urinary stones their cause and treatment as described in the sushrutasamhita. Hist Sci Med 17:328–332PubMed
13.
Dimopoulos C, Gialas A, Likourinas M, Androutsos G, Kostakopoulos A (1980) Hippocrates: founder and pioneer of urology. Br J Urol 52:73–74CrossRefPubMed
14.
Abdel-Halim RE, Altwaijiri AS, Elfaqih SR, Mitwalli AH (2003) Extraction of urinary bladder stone as described by Abdul-Qasim Khalaf Ibn Abbas Alzahrawi (Albucasis) (325–404 H, 930–1013 AD). A translation of original text and a commentary. Saudi Med J 24:1283–1291PubMed
15.
16.
17.
18.
Gupta NP, Kumar A (2011) Endemic bladder stones. In: Rao PN, Preminger GM, Kavanagh JP (eds) Urinary tract stone disease. Springer, London, pp 239–243
19.
Lal B, Paryani JP, Memonr SR (2015) Childhood bladder stones—an endemic disease of developing countries. J Ayub Med Abbotabad 27:17–21
20.
Halstead SB (1977) Studies on the epidemiology of idiopathic bladder stone disease. In: Van Reen R (ed) Proceedings of the WHO Regional Symposium on Vesical Calculus Disease. US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, pp 121–134
21.
Hesse A (2005) Reliable data from diverse regions of the world exist to show that there has been a steady increase in the prevalence of urolithiasis. World J Urol 23:302–303CrossRefPubMed
22.
López M, Hoppe B (2010) History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis. Pediatr Nephrol 25:49–59CrossRefPubMed
23.
Daudon M, Dore JC, Jungers P, Lacour B (2004) Changes in stone composition according to age and gender of patients: a multivariate epidemiological approach. Urol Res 32:241–247CrossRefPubMed
24.
Blacklock NJ (1979) Epidemiology of renal lithiasis. In: Wickham JEA (ed) Urinary calculous disease. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 21–39
25.
Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ (1998) Body size and risk of kidney stones. J Am Soc Nephrol 9:1645–1652PubMed
26.
Taylor EN, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC (2005) Obesity, weight gain, and the risk of kidney stones. JAMA 293:455–462CrossRefPubMed
27.
Robertson WG, Peacock M, Heyburn PJ, Hanes FA, Swaminathan R (1981) The risk of calcium stone formation in relation to affluence and dietary animal protein. In: Brockis JG, Finlayson B (eds) Urinary calculus. PSG, Littleton, MA, pp 3–12
28.
Robertson WG, Peacock M, Heyburn PJ (1980) Clinical and metabolic aspects of urinary stone disease in Leeds. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 53:199–206PubMed
29.
Van Reen R (1981) Geographical and nutritional aspects of endemic stones. In: Brockis JG, Finlayson B (eds) Urinary calculus. PSG, Littleton, MA, p 177
30.
Hussain M (2014) Enormity of urolithiasis in Sindh province. J Pak Med Assoc 64:1337–1338PubMed
31.
Human Development Report 2014: Health: children and youth. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), New York, USA, pp 184–187
32.
33.
34.
Naqvi SAA, Rizvi SAH, Shahjehan S (1984) Analysis of urinary calculi by chemical methods. J Pak Med Assoc 34:147–153PubMed
35.
36.
Bakane BC, Nagtilak SB, Patil B (1999) Urolithiasis: a tribal scenario. Indian J Pediatr 66:863–865CrossRefPubMed
37.
Kheradpir MH, Bodaghi E (1990) Childhood urolithiasis in Iran with special reference to staghorn calculi. Urol Int 45:99–103CrossRefPubMed
38.
Safaei Asl A, Maleknejad S (2011) Pediatric urolithiasis: an experience of a single center. Iran J Kidney Dis 5:309–313PubMed
39.
Srivastava RN, Hussainy MAA, Goel RG, Rose GA (1986) Bladder stone disease in children in Afghanistan. Br J Urol 58:374–377CrossRefPubMed
40.
Brisson P, Woll M, Parkar D, Durbin R (2012) Bladder stones in Afghan children. Mil Med 177:1403–1405CrossRefPubMed
41.
Ali SH, Rifat UN (2005) Etiological and clinical patterns of childhood urolithiasis in Iraq. Pediatr Nephrol 20:1453–1457CrossRefPubMed
42.
43.
Alpay H, Ozen A, Gokce I, Biykli N (2009) Clinical and metabolic features of urolithiasis and microlithiasis in children. Pediatr Nephrol 24:2203–2209CrossRefPubMed
44.
Loutfi AH, Haamid GA, Francis M, Salam IA (1972) Study of urinary tract calculi in Egyptian children. J Egypt Med Assoc 55:805–812
45.
Loutfi A, Van Reen R, Abdel-Hamid G (1974) Studies on bladder stone disease in Egyptian children. II. Methodology and general aspects of the disease. J Egypt Med Assoc 57:96–108PubMed
46.
Zakaria M, Azab S, Rafaat M (2012) Assessment of risk factors of pediatric urolithiasis in Egypt. Transl Androl Urol 1:209–215PubMedPubMedCentral
47.
Alaya A, Nouri A, Najjar MF (2008) Paediatric renal stone disease in Tunisia: a 12 years experience. Arch Ital Urol Androl 80:50–55PubMed
48.
Alemu MH (2008) Pattern of urinary stone diseases in Mekelle, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J 46:237–241PubMed
49.
Angwafo FF, Daudon M, Wonkam A, Kuwong PM, Kropp KA (2000) Pediatric urolithiasis in sub-saharan Africa: a comparative study in two regions of Cameroon. Eur Urol 37:106–111CrossRefPubMed
50.
Thalut K, Rizal A, Brockis JG, Bowyer RC, Taylor TA, Wisniewski ZS (1976) The endemic bladder stones of Indonesia-epidemiology and clinical features. Br J Urol 48:617–621CrossRefPubMed
51.
Halstead SB, Valyasevi A, Umpaivit P (1967) Studies of bladder stone disease in Thailand V. Dietary habits and disease prevalence. Am J Clin Nutr 20:1352–1361PubMed
52.
Suphakarn VS, Yarnnon C, Ngunboonsri P (1987) The effect of pumpkin seeds in oxalcrystalluria and urinary compositions of children in hyperendemic area. Am J Clin Nutr 45:115–121PubMed
53.
Kamoun A, Daudon M, Abdelmoula J, Hamzaoui M, Chaouachi B, Houissa T, Zghal A, Ben Ammar S, Belkahia C, Lakhoua R (1999) Urolithiasis in Tunisian children: a study of 120 cases based on stone composition. Pediatr Nephrol 13(9):920–925, discussion 926CrossRefPubMed
54.
Hodgkinson A (1979) Composition of urinary tract calculi from some developing countries. Urol Int 34(1):26–35CrossRefPubMed
55.
Lonsdale K, Mason P (1966) Uric acid, uric acid dihydrate, and urates in urinary calculi, ancient and modern. Science 152(3728):1511–1512CrossRefPubMed
56.
Sutor DJ, Wooley SE (1969) Composition of urinary calculi by X-ray diffraction: collected data from various localities. Br J Urol 41(4):397–400CrossRefPubMed
57.
Vanwaeyenbergh J, Vergauwe D, Verbeeck RM (1995) Infrared spectrometric analysis of endemic bladder stones in Niger. Eur Urol 27(2):154–159PubMed
58.
59.
60.
61.
Valyasevi A, Halstead SB, Dhanamitta S (1967) Studies of bladder stone disease in Thailand VI. Urinary studies in children, 2–10 years old, resident in a hypo- and hyperendemic area. Am J Clin Nutr 20:1362–1368PubMed
62.
Lande MB, Varade W, Erkan E, Niederbracht Y, Schwartz GJ (2005) Role of urinary supersaturation in the evaluation of children with urolithiasis. Pediatr Nephrol 20:491–494CrossRefPubMed
63.
Bush NC, Twombley K, Ahn J, Oliveira C, Arnold S, Maalouf NM, Sakhaee K (2013) Prevalence and spot urine risk factors for renal stones in children taking topiramate. J Pediatr Urol 9:884–889CrossRef
64.
Menon M, Resnick MI (2002) Urinary lithiasis: etiology, diagnosis, and medical management. In: Walsh PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED, Wein AJ (eds) Campbell’s urology, 8th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, p 3229
65.
Drach GW (1992) Urinary lithiasis: etiology, diagnosis, and medical management. In: Walsh PC, Retik AB, Stamey TA, Vaughan ED (eds) Campbell’s urology, 6th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, p 2140
66.
Williams NS, Bulstrode CJK, O’Connell, PR (2013) Bailey & Love’s short practice of surgery, 26th edn. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, p 1366
67.
Kravdal G, Helgø D, Moe MK (2015) Infrared spectroscopy is the gold standard for kidney stone analysis. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 135(4):313–314CrossRefPubMed
68.
Hernandez JD, Ellison JS, Lendvay TS (2015) Current trends, evaluation, and management of pediatric nephrolithiasis. JAMA Pediatr 169:964–970CrossRefPubMed
69.
Rizvi SAH, Naqvi SAA, Hussain Z, Hashmi A, Hussain H, Zafar MN, Sultan S, Mehdi H (2002) Paediatric urolithiasis: developing nation perspective. J Urol 168:1522–1525CrossRefPubMed
70.
Khosa AS, Hussain M, Hussain M (2012) Safety and efficacy of transurethral pneumatic lithotripsy for bladder calculi in children. J Pak Med Assoc 62:1297–1300PubMed
71.
Isen K, Em S, Kilic V, Utku V, Bogatekin S, Ergin H (2008) Management of bladder stones with pneumatic lithotripsy using a ureteroscope in children. J Endourol 22:1037–1040CrossRefPubMed
72.
Ramakrishnan PA, Medhat M, Al-Bulushi YH, Gopakumar KP, Sampige VP, Al-Busaidy SS (2005) Holmium laser cystolithotripsy in children: initial experience. Can J Urol 12:2880–2886PubMed
73.
74.
Salah MA, Holman E, Khan AM, Toth C (2005) Percutaneous cystolithotomy for pediatric endemic bladder stone: experience with 155 cases from 2 developing countries. J Pediatr Surg 40:1628–1631CrossRefPubMed
75.
Ahmadnia H, Kamalati A, Younesi M, Imani MM, Moradi M, Esmaeili M (2013) Percutaneous treatment of bladder stones in children: 10 years experience, is blind access safe? Pediatr Surg Int 29:725–728CrossRefPubMed
76.
Agrawal MS, Aron M, Goyal J, Elhence IP, Asopa HS (1999) Percutaneous suprapubic cystolithotripsy for vesical calculi in children. J Endourol 13:173–175CrossRefPubMed
77.
Holman E, Khan AM, Flasko T, Toth C, Salah MA (2004) Endoscopic management of pediatric urolithiasis in a developing country. Urology 63:159–162CrossRefPubMed
78.
Rizvi SA, Sultan S, Ijaz H, Mirza ZN, Ahmed B, Saulat S, Umar SA, Naqvi SA (2010) Open surgical management of pediatric urolithiasis: a developing country perspective. Indian J Urol 26:573–576CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
79.
Rizvi SAH, Naqvi SAA, Hussain Z, Hashmi A, Hussain M, Zafar MN, Sultan S, Mehdi H (2003) Management of pediatric urolithiasis in Pakistan: experience with 1,440 children. J Urol 69:634–637CrossRef
80.
Vandenbroucke JP (2001) Commentary: treatment of bladder stones and probabilistic reasoning in medicine: an 1835 account and its lessons for the present. Int J Epidemiol 30(6):1253–1258CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Endemic bladder calculi in children
Authors
Neveen A. Soliman
S. Adibul Hasan Rizvi
Publication date
01-09-2017
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Pediatric Nephrology / Issue 9/2017
Print ISSN: 0931-041X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-198X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-016-3492-4

Other articles of this Issue 9/2017

Pediatric Nephrology 9/2017 Go to the issue

Original Article

Albuminuria, renal function and blood pressure in undernourished children and recovered from undernutrition

Brief Report

C3 glomerulonephritis with a severe crescentic phenotype

Clinical Quiz

Vomiting in an infant with congenital nephrotic syndrome: Questions

Original Article

Anti-C1q autoantibodies as markers of renal involvement in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus

Original Article

Effect of the timing of dialysis initiation on left ventricular hypertrophy and ınflammation in pediatric patients

Original Article

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and medullary nephrocalcinosis in children with ADCK4 mutations