Skip to main content
Top
Published in: European Journal of Pediatrics 12/2010

Open Access 01-12-2010 | Review

Clinical practice

The care of children with Down syndrome

Authors: Michel E. Weijerman, J. Peter de Winter

Published in: European Journal of Pediatrics | Issue 12/2010

Login to get access

Abstract

Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities. Because of medical advances and improvements in overall medical care, the median survival of individuals with DS has increased considerably. This longer life expectancy requires giving the necessary care to the individual with DS over their total longer lifespan. DS medical guidelines are designed for the optimal care of the child in whom a diagnosis of DS has been confirmed. We present an overview of the most important issues related to children with DS based on the most relevant literature currently available.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Bertrand P, Navarro H, Caussade S et al (2003) Airway anomalies in children with Down syndrome: endoscopic findings. Ped Pulm 36:137–141CrossRef Bertrand P, Navarro H, Caussade S et al (2003) Airway anomalies in children with Down syndrome: endoscopic findings. Ped Pulm 36:137–141CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Biko DM, Schwartz M, Anupindi SA, Altes TA (2008) Subpleural lung cysts in Down syndrome: prevalence and association with coexisting diagnoses. Pediatr Radiol 38:280–284CrossRefPubMed Biko DM, Schwartz M, Anupindi SA, Altes TA (2008) Subpleural lung cysts in Down syndrome: prevalence and association with coexisting diagnoses. Pediatr Radiol 38:280–284CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Bloemers BLP, van Furth AM, Weijerman ME et al (2007) Down syndrome: a novel risk factor for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis—a prospective birth-cohort study. Pediatrics 120:e1076–e1081CrossRefPubMed Bloemers BLP, van Furth AM, Weijerman ME et al (2007) Down syndrome: a novel risk factor for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis—a prospective birth-cohort study. Pediatrics 120:e1076–e1081CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Bloemers BLP, van Furth AM, Weijerman ME et al (2010) High incidence of recurrent wheeze in children with Down syndrome with and without previous respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 29:39–42CrossRefPubMed Bloemers BLP, van Furth AM, Weijerman ME et al (2010) High incidence of recurrent wheeze in children with Down syndrome with and without previous respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 29:39–42CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Caird MS, Wills BP, Dormans JP (2006) Down syndrome in children: the role of the orthopaedic surgeon. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 14:610–619PubMed Caird MS, Wills BP, Dormans JP (2006) Down syndrome in children: the role of the orthopaedic surgeon. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 14:610–619PubMed
6.
go back to reference Collins VR, Muggli EE, Riley M et al (2008) Is Down syndrome a disappearing birth defect? J Pediatr 152:20–24CrossRefPubMed Collins VR, Muggli EE, Riley M et al (2008) Is Down syndrome a disappearing birth defect? J Pediatr 152:20–24CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Cremers MJ, van der Twee I, Boersma B et al (1996) Growth curves of Dutch children with Down syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 40:412–420CrossRefPubMed Cremers MJ, van der Twee I, Boersma B et al (1996) Growth curves of Dutch children with Down syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 40:412–420CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Cunnif C, Frias JL, Kaye C et al (2001) Health supervision for children with Down syndrome, American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatrics 107:442–449CrossRef Cunnif C, Frias JL, Kaye C et al (2001) Health supervision for children with Down syndrome, American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatrics 107:442–449CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Freeman SB, Torfs CA, Romitti MH et al (2009) Congenital gastrointestinal defects in Down syndrome: a report from the Atlanta and National Down Syndrome Projects. Clin Genet 75:180–184CrossRefPubMed Freeman SB, Torfs CA, Romitti MH et al (2009) Congenital gastrointestinal defects in Down syndrome: a report from the Atlanta and National Down Syndrome Projects. Clin Genet 75:180–184CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Gibson PA, Newton RW, Selby K et al (2005) Longitudinal study of thyroid function in Down’s syndrome in the first two decades. Arch Dis Child 09:575–578 Gibson PA, Newton RW, Selby K et al (2005) Longitudinal study of thyroid function in Down’s syndrome in the first two decades. Arch Dis Child 09:575–578
12.
go back to reference Hankinson TC, Anderson RC (2010) Craniovertebral junction abnormalities in Down syndrome. Neurosurgery 66:A32–A38CrossRef Hankinson TC, Anderson RC (2010) Craniovertebral junction abnormalities in Down syndrome. Neurosurgery 66:A32–A38CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Hilton JM, Fitzgerald DA, Cooper DM (1999) Respiratory morbidity of hospitalized children with Trisomy 21. Paediatr Child Health 35:383–386CrossRef Hilton JM, Fitzgerald DA, Cooper DM (1999) Respiratory morbidity of hospitalized children with Trisomy 21. Paediatr Child Health 35:383–386CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Irving C, Basu A, Richmond S et al (2008) Twenty-year trends in prevalence and survival of Down syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 16:1336–1340CrossRefPubMed Irving C, Basu A, Richmond S et al (2008) Twenty-year trends in prevalence and survival of Down syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 16:1336–1340CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Kishnani PS, Crissman BG (2006) Special issue: current perspectives on Down syndrome: selected medical and social issues. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 142C:127–205CrossRefPubMed Kishnani PS, Crissman BG (2006) Special issue: current perspectives on Down syndrome: selected medical and social issues. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 142C:127–205CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Kupferman JC, Druschel CM, Kupchik GS (2009) Increased prevalence of renal urinary tract anomalies in children with Down syndrome. Pediatrics 124:e615–e621CrossRefPubMed Kupferman JC, Druschel CM, Kupchik GS (2009) Increased prevalence of renal urinary tract anomalies in children with Down syndrome. Pediatrics 124:e615–e621CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Mannan SE, Ejaz Y, Hossain J (2009) Prevalence of positive skin prick test results in children with Down syndrome: a case control study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 102:2005–2009CrossRef Mannan SE, Ejaz Y, Hossain J (2009) Prevalence of positive skin prick test results in children with Down syndrome: a case control study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 102:2005–2009CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Madan V, Williams J, Lear JT (2006) Dermatological manifestations of Down’s syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol 31(5):623–629CrossRefPubMed Madan V, Williams J, Lear JT (2006) Dermatological manifestations of Down’s syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol 31(5):623–629CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Muggli EE, Collins VR, Marraffa C (2009) Going down a different road: first support and information needs of families with a baby with Down syndrome. MJA 190:58–61PubMed Muggli EE, Collins VR, Marraffa C (2009) Going down a different road: first support and information needs of families with a baby with Down syndrome. MJA 190:58–61PubMed
20.
go back to reference Rex AP, Preus M (1982) A diagnostic index for Down syndrome. J Pediatr 6:903–906 Rex AP, Preus M (1982) A diagnostic index for Down syndrome. J Pediatr 6:903–906
22.
go back to reference Roofthooft MT, van Meer H, Rietman WG et al (2008) Down syndrome and aberrant right subclavian artery. Eur J Pediatr 167:1033–1036CrossRefPubMed Roofthooft MT, van Meer H, Rietman WG et al (2008) Down syndrome and aberrant right subclavian artery. Eur J Pediatr 167:1033–1036CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Schepis C, Barone C, Siragusa M et al (2002) An updated survey on skin conditions in Down syndrome. Dermatology 20:234–238CrossRef Schepis C, Barone C, Siragusa M et al (2002) An updated survey on skin conditions in Down syndrome. Dermatology 20:234–238CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Shin M, Besser LM, Kucik JE et al (2009) Prevalence of Down Syndrome among children and adolescents in 10 regions of the United States. Pediatrics 124:1565–1571CrossRefPubMed Shin M, Besser LM, Kucik JE et al (2009) Prevalence of Down Syndrome among children and adolescents in 10 regions of the United States. Pediatrics 124:1565–1571CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Shott SR, Amin R, Chini B et al (2006) Obstructive sleep apnea should all children with Down syndrome be tested? Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 132:432–436CrossRefPubMed Shott SR, Amin R, Chini B et al (2006) Obstructive sleep apnea should all children with Down syndrome be tested? Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 132:432–436CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Skotko BG, Capone GT, Kishnani S (2009) Postnatal diagnosis of Down syndrome: synthesis of the evidence on how best to deliver the news. Pediatrics 124:e751–e758CrossRefPubMed Skotko BG, Capone GT, Kishnani S (2009) Postnatal diagnosis of Down syndrome: synthesis of the evidence on how best to deliver the news. Pediatrics 124:e751–e758CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Stephen E, Dickson J, Kindley AD et al (2007) Surveillance of vision and ocular disorders in children with Down syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 49:513–515CrossRefPubMed Stephen E, Dickson J, Kindley AD et al (2007) Surveillance of vision and ocular disorders in children with Down syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 49:513–515CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Unachak K, Tanpaiboon P, Yupada Pongprot Y et al (2008) Thyroid functions in children with Down’s syndrome. J Med Assoc Thai 91:56–61PubMed Unachak K, Tanpaiboon P, Yupada Pongprot Y et al (2008) Thyroid functions in children with Down’s syndrome. J Med Assoc Thai 91:56–61PubMed
29.
go back to reference van Trotsenburg ASP, Vulsma T, van Rozenburg-Marres SLR et al (2005) The Effect of thyroxine treatment started in the neonatal period on developmentand growth of two-year-old Down syndrome children: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:3304–3311CrossRefPubMed van Trotsenburg ASP, Vulsma T, van Rozenburg-Marres SLR et al (2005) The Effect of thyroxine treatment started in the neonatal period on developmentand growth of two-year-old Down syndrome children: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:3304–3311CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference van Wouwe JP, Siderius EJ, Borstlap R et al (2001) Optimal medical care for children with Down syndrome and their parents. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 145:1617–1621PubMed van Wouwe JP, Siderius EJ, Borstlap R et al (2001) Optimal medical care for children with Down syndrome and their parents. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 145:1617–1621PubMed
31.
go back to reference Vis JC, Duffels MGJ, Winter MM et al (2009) Down syndrome: a cardiovascular perspective. J Intellect Disabil Res 53:419–425CrossRefPubMed Vis JC, Duffels MGJ, Winter MM et al (2009) Down syndrome: a cardiovascular perspective. J Intellect Disabil Res 53:419–425CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Volman MJ, Visser JJ, Lensvelt-Mulders GJ (2007) Functional status in 5 to 7-year-old children with Down syndrome in relation to motor ability and performance mental ability. Disabil Rehabil 29:25–31CrossRefPubMed Volman MJ, Visser JJ, Lensvelt-Mulders GJ (2007) Functional status in 5 to 7-year-old children with Down syndrome in relation to motor ability and performance mental ability. Disabil Rehabil 29:25–31CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Weijerman ME, van Furth AM, Vonk Noordegraaf A et al (2008) Prevalence, neonatal characteristics and first-year mortality of Down syndrome: a national study. J Pediatrics 152:15–19CrossRef Weijerman ME, van Furth AM, Vonk Noordegraaf A et al (2008) Prevalence, neonatal characteristics and first-year mortality of Down syndrome: a national study. J Pediatrics 152:15–19CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Weijerman ME, van Furth AM, Mooren MD et al (2010) Prevalence of congenital heart defects and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate with Down syndrome. Eur J Pediatr. doi:10.1007/s00431-010-1200-0 Weijerman ME, van Furth AM, Mooren MD et al (2010) Prevalence of congenital heart defects and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate with Down syndrome. Eur J Pediatr. doi:10.​1007/​s00431-010-1200-0
35.
go back to reference Wiseman FK, Alford KA, Tybulewicz VL et al (2009) Down syndrome—recent progress and future prospects. Hum Mol Genet 18(R1):75–83CrossRef Wiseman FK, Alford KA, Tybulewicz VL et al (2009) Down syndrome—recent progress and future prospects. Hum Mol Genet 18(R1):75–83CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Wong V, Ho D (1997) Ocular abnormalities in Down syndrome: an analysis of 140 Chinese children. Pediatr Neurol 16:311–314CrossRefPubMed Wong V, Ho D (1997) Ocular abnormalities in Down syndrome: an analysis of 140 Chinese children. Pediatr Neurol 16:311–314CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Wouters J, Weijerman ME, van Furth AM et al (2009) Prospective HLA, EMA, and TGA testing celiac disease in children with Down syndrome. J Pediatrics 154:239–242CrossRef Wouters J, Weijerman ME, van Furth AM et al (2009) Prospective HLA, EMA, and TGA testing celiac disease in children with Down syndrome. J Pediatrics 154:239–242CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Yang Q, Rasmussen SA, Friedma JM (2002) Mortality associated with Down’s syndrome in the USA from 1983 to 1997: a population-based study. Lancet 359:1019–1025CrossRefPubMed Yang Q, Rasmussen SA, Friedma JM (2002) Mortality associated with Down’s syndrome in the USA from 1983 to 1997: a population-based study. Lancet 359:1019–1025CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Zwaan MC, Reinhardt DR, Hizler J, Vyas P (2008) Acute leukemias in children with Down syndrome. Pediatr Clin North Am 55:53–70CrossRefPubMed Zwaan MC, Reinhardt DR, Hizler J, Vyas P (2008) Acute leukemias in children with Down syndrome. Pediatr Clin North Am 55:53–70CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Clinical practice
The care of children with Down syndrome
Authors
Michel E. Weijerman
J. Peter de Winter
Publication date
01-12-2010
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
European Journal of Pediatrics / Issue 12/2010
Print ISSN: 0340-6199
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1076
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-010-1253-0

Other articles of this Issue 12/2010

European Journal of Pediatrics 12/2010 Go to the issue