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01-08-2019 | Review

Cytomegalovirus memory inflation and immune protection

Author: Luka Cicin-Sain

Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology | Issue 3-4/2019

Abstract

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection induces powerful and sustained T-cell responses against a few selected immunodominant antigenic epitopes. This immune response was named memory inflation, because it does not contract in the long term, and may even expand over months and years of virus latency. It is by now understood that memory inflation does not occur at the expense of the naïve T-cell pool, but rather as a competitive selection process within the effector pool, where viral antigens with higher avidity of TCR binding and with earlier expression patterns outcompete those that are expressed later and bind TCRs less efficiently. It is also understood that inflationary epitopes require processing by the constitutive proteasome in non-hematopoietic cells, and this likely implies that memory inflation is fuelled by direct low-level antigenic expression in latently infected cells. This review proposes that these conditions make inflationary epitopes the optimal candidates for adoptive immunotherapy of CMV disease in the immunocompromised host. At present, functional target CMV epitopes have been defined only for the most common HLA haplotypes. Mapping the uncharacterized inflationary epitopes in less frequent HLAs may, thus, be a strategy for the identification of optimal immunotherapeutic targets in patients with uncommon haplotypes.

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Title: Cytomegalovirus memory inflation and immune protection
Author: Luka Cicin-Sain
Publication date: 01-08-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology / Issue 3-4/2019
Print ISSN: 0300-8584
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1831
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-019-00607-8

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Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin

Prof. Florian Limbourg

Prof. Anoop Chauhan

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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Other articles of this Issue 3-4/2019

Caspase-8 restricts natural killer cell accumulation during MCMV Infection

Coevolution pays off: Herpesviruses have the license to escape the DNA sensing pathway

Pediatric roots of cytomegalovirus recurrence and memory inflation in the elderly

Effect of latent cytomegalovirus infection on the antibody response to influenza vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Survey of cellular immune responses to human cytomegalovirus infection in the microenvironment of the uterine–placental interface

Impact of CMV upon immune aging: facts and fiction

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

At a glance: The STEP trials