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Open Access 01-03-2022 | Original Article

A tale of two gradients: differences between the left and right hemispheres predict semantic cognition

Authors: Tirso Rene del Jesus Gonzalez Alam, Brontë L. A. Mckeown, Zhiyao Gao, Boris Bernhardt, Reinder Vos de Wael, Daniel S. Margulies, Jonathan Smallwood, Elizabeth Jefferies

Published in: Brain Structure and Function | Issue 2/2022

Abstract

Decomposition of whole-brain functional connectivity patterns reveals a principal gradient that captures the separation of sensorimotor cortex from heteromodal regions in the default mode network (DMN). Functional homotopy is strongest in sensorimotor areas, and weakest in heteromodal cortices, suggesting there may be differences between the left and right hemispheres (LH/RH) in the principal gradient, especially towards its apex. This study characterised hemispheric differences in the position of large-scale cortical networks along the principal gradient, and their functional significance. We collected resting-state fMRI and semantic, working memory and non-verbal reasoning performance in 175 + healthy volunteers. We then extracted the principal gradient of connectivity for each participant, tested which networks showed significant hemispheric differences on the gradient, and regressed participants’ behavioural efficiency in tasks outside the scanner against interhemispheric gradient differences for each network. LH showed a higher overall principal gradient value, consistent with its role in heteromodal semantic cognition. One frontotemporal control subnetwork was linked to individual differences in semantic cognition: when it was nearer heteromodal DMN on the principal gradient in LH, participants showed more efficient semantic retrieval—and this network also showed a strong hemispheric difference in response to semantic demands but not working memory load in a separate study. In contrast, when a dorsal attention subnetwork was closer to the heteromodal end of the principal gradient in RH, participants showed better visual reasoning. Lateralization of function may reflect differences in connectivity between control and heteromodal regions in LH, and attention and visual regions in RH.

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Title: A tale of two gradients: differences between the left and right hemispheres predict semantic cognition
Authors: Tirso Rene del Jesus Gonzalez Alam
Brontë L. A. Mckeown
Zhiyao Gao
Boris Bernhardt
Reinder Vos de Wael
Daniel S. Margulies
Jonathan Smallwood
Elizabeth Jefferies
Publication date: 01-03-2022
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Brain Structure and Function / Issue 2/2022
Print ISSN: 1863-2653
Electronic ISSN: 1863-2661
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-021-02374-w

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A tale of two gradients: differences between the left and right hemispheres predict semantic cognition

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