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Open Access 01-12-2010 | Original Article

Hemoglobin level predicts outcome for vulvar cancer patients independent of GLUT-1 and CA-IX expression in tumor tissue

Authors: Hedwig P. van de Nieuwenhof, Joanne A. de Hullu, Johannes H. A. M. Kaanders, Johan Bulten, Leon F. A. G. Massuger, Léon C. L. T. van Kempen

Published in: Virchows Archiv | Issue 6/2010

Abstract

Intratumoral hypoxia has been associated with poor prognosis in several solid tumors. The aim of this study was to determine whether the hypoxia-associated markers glucose transporter (GLUT)-1 and carbonic anhydrase (CA)-IX expression and preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) levels correlate with presence of inguinofemoral or distant metastases, and disease-free survival (DSS) in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients. Vulvar SCC (n = 103) were reviewed for histopathological characteristics by an expert gynecopathologist and stained for GLUT-1 and CA-IX. Clinical data and preoperative Hb levels were obtained from medical records. No significant correlations were observed between GLUT-1 or CA-IX expression patterns and preoperative Hb levels, presence of inguinofemoral or distant metastases and DSS. However, anemic patients (Hb < 11.2 g/dL) had significantly more inguinofemoral metastases and lower Hb level was an independent prognostic factor for a worse DSS (p < 0.001). The number of comorbidic conditions was inversely correlated with preoperative Hb level. Preoperative Hb levels are associated with poor DSS for vulvar SCC patients, whereas tumor hypoxia reflected by GLUT-1 and CA-IX expression does not have a predictive value. Because preoperative Hb levels inversely correlated with the number of comorbidic conditions and not with GLUT-1 or CA-IX expression, it is most likely that preoperative Hb levels represent overall physical condition.

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Title: Hemoglobin level predicts outcome for vulvar cancer patients independent of GLUT-1 and CA-IX expression in tumor tissue
Authors: Hedwig P. van de Nieuwenhof
Joanne A. de Hullu
Johannes H. A. M. Kaanders
Johan Bulten
Leon F. A. G. Massuger
Léon C. L. T. van Kempen
Publication date: 01-12-2010
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Virchows Archiv / Issue 6/2010
Print ISSN: 0945-6317
Electronic ISSN: 1432-2307
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-010-0981-x

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Hemoglobin level predicts outcome for vulvar cancer patients independent of GLUT-1 and CA-IX expression in tumor tissue

Abstract

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