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31-05-2023 | Original Article

Bone bending strength and BMD of female athletes in volleyball, soccer, and long-distance running

Authors: Jose Rocha-Rangel, Michael T. C. Liang, Anderson Hwa-te Tsai, Alexandra T. Auslander, Patricia Robles, Yuan-Lieh Kwoh, Sara B. Arnaud

Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Issue 10/2023

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to determine whether sports training comprised of (1) high-impact loading sport in volleyball (VOL), (2) odd impact loading sport in soccer (SOC), and (3) low impact sport in distance running (RUN) were associated with tibial bending strength and calcaneus bone mineral density (BMD), and ulnar bending strength and wrist BMD.

Method

Female athletes comprised of 13 VOL, 22 SOC, and 22 RUN participated in the study. Twenty-three female non-athletes (NA) served as the comparison group. Tibial and ulnar bending strength (EI, Nm²) were assessed using a mechanical response tissue analyzer (MRTA). Calcaneus and wrist BMD were assessed using a peripheral X-ray absorptiometry. Group means differences among the study groups were determined using ANCOVA with age, weight, height, percent body fat, ethnicity/race, and training history serving as covariates.

Results

Tibial EI of VOL (228.3 ± 138 Nm²) and SOC (208.6 ± 115 Nm²) were greater (p < 0.05) compared to NA (101.2 ± 42 Nm²). Ulnar EI of SOC (54.9 ± 51 Nm²) was higher (p < 0.05) than NA (27.2 ± 9 Nm²). Calcaneus BMD of VOL (0.618 ± 0.12 g/cm²), SOC (0.621 ± 0.009 g/cm²), and RUN (0.572 ± 0.007 g/cm²) were higher (p < 0.05) than NA (0.501 ± 0.08 g/cm²), but not different between athletic groups. Wrist BMD of VOL (0.484 ± .06 g/cm²) and SOC (0.480 ± 0.06 g/cm²) were higher (p < 0.05) than NA (0.443 ± 0.04 g/cm²).

Conclusions

Female VOL athletes exhibit greater tibial bending strength than RUN and NA, but not greater than SOC. Female SOC athletes exhibit greater ulnar bending strength and wrist BMD than NA.

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Title: Bone bending strength and BMD of female athletes in volleyball, soccer, and long-distance running
Authors: Jose Rocha-Rangel
Michael T. C. Liang
Anderson Hwa-te Tsai
Alexandra T. Auslander
Patricia Robles
Yuan-Lieh Kwoh
Sara B. Arnaud
Publication date: 31-05-2023
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology / Issue 10/2023
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Electronic ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-05231-2

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Springer Medicine

Bone bending strength and BMD of female athletes in volleyball, soccer, and long-distance running

Abstract

Purpose

Method

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Method

Results

Conclusions

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