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European Journal of Applied Physiology

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04-03-2023 | Electromyographic | Original Article

Modification of the locomotor pattern when deviating from the characteristic heel-to-toe rolling pattern during walking

Authors: Raphael M. Mesquita, Giovanna Catavitello, Patrick A. Willems, Arthur H. Dewolf

Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Issue 7/2023

Abstract

Purpose

Humans are amongst few animals that step first on the heel, and then roll on the ball of the foot and toes. While this heel-to-toe rolling pattern has been shown to render an energetic advantage during walking, the effect of different foot contact strategies, on the neuromuscular control of adult walking gaits has received less attention. We hypothesised that deviating from heel-to-toe rolling pattern affects the energy transduction and weight acceptance and re-propulsive phases in gait along with the modification of spinal motor activity.

Methods

Ten subjects walked on a treadmill normally, then placed their feet flat on the ground at each step and finally walked on the balls of the feet.

Results

Our results show that when participants deviate from heel-to-toe rolling pattern strategy, the mechanical work increases on average 85% higher (F = 15.5; p < 0.001), mainly linked to a lack of propulsion at late stance. This modification of the mechanical power is related to a differential involvement of lumbar and sacral segment activation. Particularly, the delay between the major bursts of activation is on average 65% smaller, as compared to normal walking (F = 43.2; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Similar results are observable in walking plantigrade animals, but also at the onset of independent stepping in toddlers, where the heel-to-toe rolling pattern is not yet established. These indications seem to bring arguments to the fact that the rolling of the foot during human locomotion has evolved to optimise gait, following selective pressures from the evolution of bipedal posture.

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Title: Modification of the locomotor pattern when deviating from the characteristic heel-to-toe rolling pattern during walking
Authors: Raphael M. Mesquita
Giovanna Catavitello
Patrick A. Willems
Arthur H. Dewolf
Publication date: 04-03-2023
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keyword: Electromyographic
Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology / Issue 7/2023
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Electronic ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-05169-5

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Modification of the locomotor pattern when deviating from the characteristic heel-to-toe rolling pattern during walking

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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