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European Journal of Applied Physiology

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01-07-2019 | Original Article

Comparison between eccentric and concentric resistance exercise training without equipment for changes in muscle strength and functional fitness of older adults

Authors: Yoshihiro Katsura, Noriko Takeda, Taketaka Hara, Sho Takahashi, Kazunori Nosaka

Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Issue 7/2019

Abstract

Purpose

The present study tested the hypothesis that resistance exercise training focusing on eccentric muscle contractions would improve muscle strength and functional physical fitness more than concentric contraction-focused resistance training in older adults.

Methods

Healthy older adults (65–84 years) were placed into eccentric (ECC; n = 9) or concentric training group (CON; n = 8). They performed 4–6 basic manual resistance exercises focusing on either eccentric or concentric muscle contractions once at a community centre and at least twice at home a week for 8 weeks. Muscle thickness of the quadriceps femoris (MT), knee extensor maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength (MVC), 30-second chair stand (CS), 3-metre timed up and go (TUG), 2-minute step (2MS), sit and reach (SR), and static balance with eyes open and closed (Bal-EC) were assessed before and 7 days after the last community centre session.

Results

Changes in MT (ECC: 21.6 ± 9.2% vs CON: 6.7 ± 7.1%), MVC (38.3 ± 22.6% vs 8.2 ± 8.4%), CS (51.0 ± 21.7% vs 34.6 ± 28.3%), TUG (16.7 ± 9.9% vs 6.3 ± 7.7%), 2MS (9.9 ± 6.0% vs 6.0 ± 7.3%) and Bal-EC (35.1 ± 6.7% vs 8.8 ± 16.2%) from baseline were greater (P < 0.05) for the ECC than the CON group.

Conclusion

These results show that the eccentric manual resistance exercise training was more effective for improving lower limb strength, mobility, and postural stability of older adults when compared with the concentric training. This suggests the significance of emphasising eccentric muscle contractions in movements to maintain and improve physical function.

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Title: Comparison between eccentric and concentric resistance exercise training without equipment for changes in muscle strength and functional fitness of older adults
Authors: Yoshihiro Katsura
Noriko Takeda
Taketaka Hara
Sho Takahashi
Kazunori Nosaka
Publication date: 01-07-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology / Issue 7/2019
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Electronic ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04147-0

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Comparison between eccentric and concentric resistance exercise training without equipment for changes in muscle strength and functional fitness of older adults

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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