Top

Published in:

01-06-2013 | Original Article

Effects of recovery mode (active vs. passive) on performance during a short high-intensity interval training program: a longitudinal study

Authors: Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman, Hassane Zouhal, Karim Chamari, Delphine Thevenet, Pierre-Yves de Mullenheim, Steven Gastinger, Zouhair Tabka, Jacques Prioux

Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Issue 6/2013

Abstract

The aim of this longitudinal study was to compare two recovery modes (active vs. passive) during a seven-week high-intensity interval training program (SWHITP) aimed to improve maximal oxygen uptake (\( \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{ 2 {\text{max}}}} \)), maximal aerobic velocity (MAV), time to exhaustion (t _lim) and time spent at a high percentage of \( \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{ 2 {\text{max}}}} \), i.e., above 90 % (t90 \( \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{ 2 {\text{max}}}} \)) and 95 % (t95 \( \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{ 2 {\text{max}}}} \)) of \( \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{ 2 {\text{max}}}} \). Twenty-four adults were randomly assigned to a control group that did not train (CG, n = 6) and two training groups: intermittent exercise (30 s exercise/30 s recovery) with active (IE_A, n = 9) or passive recovery (IE_P, n = 9). Before and after seven weeks with (IE_A and IE_P) or without (CG) high-intensity interval training (HIT) program, all subjects performed a maximal graded test to determine their \( \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{ 2 {\text{max}}}} \) and MAV. Subsequently only the subjects of IE_A and IE_P groups carried out an intermittent exercise test consisting of repeating as long as possible 30 s intensive runs at 105 % of MAV alternating with 30 s active recovery at 50 % of MAV (IE_A) or 30 s passive recovery (IE_P). Within IE_A and IE_P, mean t _lim and MAV significantly increased between the onset and the end of the SWHITP and no significant difference was found in t90 VO_2max and t95 VO_2max. Furthermore, before and after the SWHITP, passive recovery allowed a longer t _lim for a similar time spent at a high percentage of VO_2max. Finally, within IE_A, but not in IE_P, mean VO_2max increased significantly between the onset and the end of the SWHITP both in absolute (p < 0.01) and relative values (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results showed a significant increase in VO_2max after a SWHITP with active recovery in spite of the fact that t _lim was significantly longer (more than twice longer) with respect to passive recovery.

Astrand I, Astrand PO, Christensen EH, Hedman R (1960) Intermittent muscular work. Acta Physiol Scand 48:448–453PubMedCrossRef

Bangsbo J, Graham T, Johansen L, Saltin B (1994) Muscle lactate metabolism in recovery from intense exhaustive exercise: impact of light exercise. J Appl Physiol 77:1890–1895PubMed

Berg K (2003) Endurance training and performance in runners: research limitations and unanswered questions. Sports Med 33(1):59–73PubMedCrossRef

Billat VL, Bocquet V, Slawinski J, Laffite L, Demarle A, Chassaing P, Koralsztein JP (2000a) Effect of a prior intermittent run at v \( \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{ 2 {\text{max}}}} \) on oxygen kinetics during an all-out severe run in humans. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 40(3):185–194PubMed

Billat VL, Flechet B, Petit B, Muriaux G, Koralsztein JP (1999) Interval training at \( \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{ 2 {\text{max}}}} \) effects on aerobic performance and overtraining markers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31:156–163PubMedCrossRef

Billat VL, Mille-Hamard L, Demarle A, Koralsztein JP (2002) Effect of training in humans on off- and on-transient oxygen uptake kinetics after severe exhausting intensity runs. Eur J Appl Physiol 87:496–505PubMedCrossRef

Billat VL, Slawinksi J, Bocquet V, Chassaing P, Demarle A, Koralsztein JP (2001) Very Short (15 s–15 s) Interval-Training around the critical velocity allows middle-aged runners to maintain VO_2max for 14 minutes. Int J Sports Med 22:201–208PubMedCrossRef

Billat VL, Slawinski J, Bocquet V, Demarle A, Lafitte L, Chassaing P, Koralsztein JP (2000b) Intermittent runs at the velocity associated with maximal oxygen uptake enables subjects to remain at maximal oxygen uptake for a longer time than intense but submaximal runs. Eur J Appl Physiol 81:188–196PubMedCrossRef

Brandon LJ (1995) Physiological factors associated with middle distance running performance. Sports Med 19(4):268–277PubMedCrossRef

Burke J, Thayer R, Belcamino M (1994) Comparison of effects of two interval-training programs on lactate and ventilatory thresholds. Br J Sports Med 28:18–21PubMedCrossRef

Calvert T, Banister EW, Savage M et al (1976) A system model of the effects of training on physical performances. IEE Trans Syst Man Cybern smc 6:94–102CrossRef

Carter H, Jones AM, Doust JH (1999) Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed. J Sports Sci 17:957–967PubMedCrossRef

Chidnok W, Dimenna FJ, Bailey SJ, Vanhatalo A, Morton RH, Wilkerson DP, Jones AM (2012) Exercise tolerance in intermittent cycling: application of the critical power concept. Med Sci Sports Exerc 44(5):966–976PubMedCrossRef

Daniels J, Scardina N (1984) Interval training and performance. Sports Med 1:327–334PubMedCrossRef

Denadai BS, Ortiz MJ, Greco CC, de Mello MT (2006) Interval training at 95 % and 100 % of the velocity at VO_2max effects on aerobic physiological indexes and running performance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 31:737–743PubMedCrossRef

Dorado C, Sanchis-Moysi J, Calbet JA (2004) Effects of recovery mode on performance, O₂ uptake, and O₂ deficit during high-intensity intermittent exercise. Can J Appl Physiol 29(3):227–244PubMedCrossRef

Dupont G, Berthoin S (2004) Time spent at a high percentage of VO_2max for short intermittent runs: active versus passive recovery. Can J Appl Physiol 29(Suppl):S3–S16PubMedCrossRef

Dupont G, Blondet N, Berthoin S (2003a) Performance for short intermittent runs: active recovery vs. passive recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol 89:548–554PubMedCrossRef

Dupont G, Blondel N, Berthoin S (2003b) Time spent at VO_2max a methodological issue. Int J Sports Med 24:291–297PubMedCrossRef

Dupont G, Blondel N, Lensel G, Berthoin S (2002) Critical velocity and time spent at a high level of VO_2max for short intermittent runs at supramaximal velocities. Can J Appl Physiol 27(2):103–115PubMedCrossRef

Durnin J, Rahaman M (1967) The assessment of the amount of fat in the human body from measurements of skinfold thickness. Brit J Nutr 21:681–689PubMedCrossRef

Eddy DO, Sparks KL, Adelizi DA (1977) The effect of continuous and interval training in women and men. Eur J Appl Physiol 37:83–92CrossRef

Franch J, Madsen K, Djurhuus MS, Pedersen PK (1998) Improved running economy following intensified training correlates with reduced ventilatory demands. Med Sci Sports Exerc 30(8):1250–1256PubMedCrossRef

Gibala MJ, McGee SL (2008) Metabolic adaptations to short-term high-intensity interval training: a little pain for a lot of gain? Exerc Sport Sci Rev 36(2):58–63PubMedCrossRef

Gorostiaga EM, Walter CB, Foster C, Hickson RC (1991) Uniqueness of interval and continuous training at the same maintained exercise intensity. Eur J Appl Physiol 63:101–107CrossRef

Heubert R, Bocquet V, Koralsztein JP, Billat V (2003) Effet de 4 semaines d’entraînement sur le temps limite à VO_2max. Can J Appl Physiol 28(5):705–724CrossRef

Jones AM, Wilkerson DP, DiMenna FJ, Fulford J, Poole D (2008) Muscle metabolic responses to exercise above and below the ‘critical power’ assessed using ³¹P-MRS. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 294:R585–R593PubMedCrossRef

Kuipers H, Verstappen FT, Keizer HA, Geurten P, van Kranenburg G (1985) Variability of aerobic performance in the laboratory and its physiologic correlates. Int J Sports Med 6(4):197–201PubMedCrossRef

Laursen PB, Jenkins DG (2002) The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training. Optimising training programmes and maximizing performance in highly trained endurance athletes. Sports Med 32(1):53–73PubMedCrossRef

Leger L, Boucher R (1980) An indirect continuous running multistage field test: the Université de Montréal track test. Can J Appl Sport Sci 5(2):77–84PubMed

McLaughlin JE, King GA, Howley ET, Bassett DR Jr, Ainsworth BE (2001) Validation of the COSMED K4 b2 portable metabolic system. Int J Sports Med 22:280–284PubMedCrossRef

Midgley AW, McNaughton LR, Wilkinson M (2006) Is there an optimal training intensity for enhancing the maximal oxygen uptake of distance runners ? Empirical research findings, current opinions, physiological rationale and practical recommendations. Sports Med 36(2):117–132PubMedCrossRef

Millet GP, Candau R, Fattori P, Bignet F, Varray A (2003a) VO_2max responses to different intermittent runs at velocity associated with VO_2max. Can J Appl Physiol 28(3):410–423PubMedCrossRef

Millet GP, Libicz S, Borrani F, Fattori P, Bignet F, Candau R (2003b) Effects of increased intensity of intermittent training in runners with differing VO_2max kinetics. Eur J Appl Physiol 90:50–57PubMedCrossRef

Noakes T (1991) The lore of running. Leisure Press Champaign, IL

Pollock ML, Jackson AS, Pate RR (1980) Discriminant analysis of physiological differences between good and elite distance runners. Res Q Exerc Sport 51(3):521–532PubMedCrossRef

Smith TP, Mc Naughton LR, Marshall KJ (1999) Effects of 4-wk training using Vmax/Tmax on VO_2max and performance in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31:892–896PubMedCrossRef

Spiro SG (1977) Exercise testing in clinical medicine. Br J Dis Chest 71:145–172PubMedCrossRef

Tabata I, Nishimura K, Kouzaki M, Hirai Y, Ogita F, Miyachi M, Yamamoto K (1996) Effects of moderate-intensity endurance and high-intensity intermittent training on anaerobic capacity and VO_2max. Med Sci Sports Exerc 28:1327–1330PubMedCrossRef

Tardieu-Berger M, Thevenet D, Zouhal H, Prioux J (2004) Effects of active recovery between series on performance during an intermittent exercise model in young endurance athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 93(1–2):145–152PubMedCrossRef

Taylor H, Buskirk E, Henschel A (1955) Maximal oxygen intake as an objective measure of cardiorespiratory performance. J Appl Physiol 8:73–80PubMed

Thevenet D, Leclair E, Tardieu-Berger M, Berthoin S, Regueme S, Prioux J (2008) Influence of recovery intensity on time spent at maximal oxygen uptake during an intermittent session in young, endurance-trained athletes. J Sports Sci 26(12):1313–1321PubMedCrossRef

Thevenet D, Tardieu-Berger M, Berthoin S, Prioux J (2007a) Influence of recovery mode (passive vs. active) on time spent at maximal oxygen uptake during an intermittent session in young and endurance-trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 99(2):133–142PubMedCrossRef

Thevenet D, Tardieu M, Zouhal H, Jacob C, Abderrahman BA, Prioux J (2007b) Influence of exercise intensity on time spent at high percentage of maximal oxygen uptake during an intermittent session in young endurance-trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 102:19–26PubMedCrossRef

Thiriet P, Gozal D, Wouassi D, Oumarou T, Gelas H, Lacour JR (1993) The effect of various recovery modalities on subsequent performance, in consecutive supramaximal exercise. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 33:118–129PubMed

Weltman A, Stamford BA, Moffatt RJ, Katch VL (1977) Exercise recovery, lactate removal, and subsequent high intensity exercise performance. Res Q 48:786–796PubMed

Wenger HA, Bell GJ (1986) The interactions of intensity, frequency and duration of exercise training in altering cardiorespiratory fitness. Sports Med 3(5):346–356PubMedCrossRef

Title: Effects of recovery mode (active vs. passive) on performance during a short high-intensity interval training program: a longitudinal study
Authors: Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman
Hassane Zouhal
Karim Chamari
Delphine Thevenet
Pierre-Yves de Mullenheim
Steven Gastinger
Zouhair Tabka
Jacques Prioux
Publication date: 01-06-2013
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology / Issue 6/2013
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Electronic ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-012-2556-9

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Effects of recovery mode (active vs. passive) on performance during a short high-intensity interval training program: a longitudinal study

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 6/2013

Knee extensor strength differences in obese and healthy-weight 10-to 13-year-olds

Haemodynamic responses to dehydration in the resting and exercising human leg

Effect of two maximal isometric contractions on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage of the elbow flexors

Roles of nitric oxide and prostaglandins in the hyperemic response to a maximal metabolic stimulus: redundancy prevails

Exercise-induced changes in triceps surae tendon stiffness and muscle strength affect running economy in humans

Protein ingestion does not impair exercise-induced AMPK signalling when in a glycogen-depleted state: implications for train-low compete-high