Top

Published in:

01-05-2005 | Original Article

A single session of resistance exercise enhances insulin sensitivity for at least 24 h in healthy men

Authors: René Koopman, Ralph J. F. Manders, Antoine H. G. Zorenc, Gabby B. J. Hul, Harm Kuipers, Hans A. Keizer, Luc J. C. van Loon

Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Issue 1-2/2005

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine whether a single session of resistance exercise improves whole-body insulin sensitivity in healthy men for up to 24 h. Twelve male subjects (23±1 years) were studied over a period of 4 days during which they consumed a standardized diet, providing 0.16±0.01 MJ·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹ containing 15±0.1 energy% (En%) protein, 29±0.1 En% fat and 55±0.3 En% carbohydrate. Insulin sensitivity was determined 24 h before and 24 h after a single resistance exercise session (8 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% of 1 repetition maximum for two leg exercise tasks) using an intravenous insulin tolerance test. Insulin sensitivity index was calculated by the decline in arterial blood glucose concentration following intravenous administration of a single bolus of human insulin (0.075 IU·kg⁻¹ fat free mass). Basal glucose and insulin concentrations were not changed up to 24 h after the resistance exercise. However, a substantial 13±5% improvement in whole-body insulin sensitivity was observed, 24 h after the resistance exercise (P<0.05). This study shows that even a single session of resistance exercise improves whole-body insulin sensitivity for up to 24 h in healthy men, which is consistent with earlier observations following endurance exercise tasks.

Akinmokun A, Selby PL, Ramaiya K, Alberti KG (1992) The short insulin tolerance test for determination of insulin sensitivity: a comparison with the euglycaemic clamp. Diabet Med 9:432–437

Ballor DL, Katch VL, Becque MD, Marks CR (1988) Resistance weight training during caloric restriction enhances lean body weight maintenance. Am J Clin Nutr 47:19–25

Bogardus C, Thuillez P, Ravussin E, Vasquez B, Narimiga M, Azhar S (1983) Effect of muscle glycogen depletion on in vivo insulin action in man. J Clin Invest 72:1605–1610

Borghouts LB, Backx K, Mensink MF, Keizer HA (1999) Effect of training intensity on insulin sensitivity as evaluated by insulin tolerance test. Eur J Appl Physiol 80:461–466

Burleson MA Jr, O’Bryant HS, Stone MH, Collins MA, Triplett-McBride T (1998) Effect of weight training exercise and treadmill exercise on post-exercise oxygen consumption. Med Sci Sports Exerc 30:518–522

Chapman J, Garvin AW, Ward A, Cartee GD (2002) Unaltered insulin sensitivity after resistance exercise bout by postmenopausal women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34:936–941

Cox JH, Cortright RN, Dohm GL, Houmard JA (1999) Effect of aging on response to exercise training in humans: skeletal muscle GLUT-4 and insulin sensitivity. J Appl Physiol 86:2019–2025

Craig BW, Everhart J, Brown R (1989) The influence of high-resistance training on glucose tolerance in young and elderly subjects. Mech Ageing Dev 49:147–157

DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E, Koivisto V (1983) New concepts in the pathogenesis and treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Med 74:52–81

Dela F, Mikines KJ, von Linstow M, Secher NH, Galbo H (1992) Effect of training on insulin-mediated glucose uptake in human muscle. Am J Physiol 263:E1134–E1143PubMed

Dela F, Ploug T, Handberg A, Petersen LN, Larsen JJ, Mikines KJ, Galbo H (1994) Physical training increases muscle GLUT4 protein and mRNA in patients with NIDDM. Diabetes 43:862–865

Dela F, Larsen JJ, Mikines KJ, Ploug T, Petersen LN, Galbo H (1995) Insulin-stimulated muscle glucose clearance in patients with NIDDM. Effects of one-legged physical training. Diabetes 44:1010–1020

Derave W, Hansen BF, Lund S, Kristiansen S, Richter EA (2000) Muscle glycogen content affects insulin-stimulated glucose transport and protein kinase B activity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279:E947–E955PubMed

Devlin JT, Horton ES (1985) Effects of prior high-intensity exercise on glucose metabolism in normal and insulin-resistant men. Diabetes 34:973–979

Devlin JT, Hirshman M, Horton ED, Horton ES (1987) Enhanced peripheral and splanchnic insulin sensitivity in NIDDM men after single bout of exercise. Diabetes 36:434–439

Dumortier M, Brandou F, Perez-Martin A, Fedou C, Mercier J, Brun JF (2003) Low intensity endurance exercise targeted for lipid oxidation improves body composition and insulin sensitivity in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab 29:509–518

Dunstan DW, Daly RM, Owen N, Jolley D, De Courten M, Shaw J, Zimmet P (2002) High-intensity resistance training improves glycemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 25:1729–1736PubMed

Eriksson KF, Lindgarde F (1996) Poor physical fitness, and impaired early insulin response but late hyperinsulinaemia, as predictors of NIDDM in middle-aged Swedish men. Diabetologia 39:573–579

Fenicchia LM, Kanaley JA, Azevedo JL Jr, Miller CS, Weinstock RS, Carhart RL, Ploutz-Snyder LL (2004) Influence of resistance exercise training on glucose control in women with type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 53:284–289

Fluckey JD, Hickey MS, Brambrink JK, Hart KK, Alexander K, Craig BW (1994) Effects of resistance exercise on glucose tolerance in normal and glucose-intolerant subjects. J Appl Physiol 77:1087–1092

Fryer LG, Foufelle F, Barnes K, Baldwin SA, Woods A, Carling D (2002) Characterization of the role of the AMP-activated protein kinase in the stimulation of glucose transport in skeletal muscle cells. Biochem J 363:167–174

Garcia-Roves PM, Han DH, Song Z, Jones TE, Hucker KA, Holloszy JO (2003) Prevention of glycogen supercompensation prolongs the increase in muscle GLUT4 after exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285:E729–E736

Goodpaster BH, Kelley DE, Wing RR, Meier A, Thaete FL (1999) Effects of weight loss on regional fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in obesity. Diabetes 48:839–847

Goodyear LJ, Kahn BB (1998) Exercise, glucose transport, and insulin sensitivity. Annu Rev Med 49:235–261CrossRefPubMed

Hayashi T, Hirshman MF, Fujii N, Habinowski SA, Witters LA, Goodyear LJ (2000) Metabolic stress and altered glucose transport: activation of AMP-activated protein kinase as a unifying coupling mechanism. Diabetes 49:527–531

Heath GW, Gavin JR III, Hinderliter JM, Hagberg JM, Bloomfield SA, Holloszy JO (1983) Effects of exercise and lack of exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. J Appl Physiol 55:512–517

Henriksen EJ (2002) Invited review: effects of acute exercise and exercise training on insulin resistance. J Appl Physiol 93:788–796

Hirst S, Phillips DI, Vines SK, Clark PM, Hales CN (1993) Reproducibility of the short insulin tolerance test. Diabet Med 10:839–842

Holten MK, Zacho M, Gaster M, Juel C, Wojtaszewski JF, Dela F (2004) Strength training increases insulin-mediated glucose uptake, GLUT4 content, and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 53:294–305

Houmard JA, Tanner CJ, Yu C, Cunningham PG, Pories WJ, MacDonald KG, Shulman GI (2002) Effect of weight loss on insulin sensitivity and intramuscular long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs in morbidly obese subjects. Diabetes 51:2959–2963

Hu FB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz G, Liu S, Solomon CG, Willett WC (2001) Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. N Engl J Med 345:790–797CrossRefPubMed

Hughes VA, Fiatarone MA, Fielding RA, Kahn BB, Ferrara CM, Shepherd P, Fisher EC, Wolfe RR, Elahi D, Evans WJ (1993) Exercise increases muscle GLUT-4 levels and insulin action in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Am J Physiol 264:E855–E862

Hundal RS, Krssak M, Dufour S, Laurent D, Lebon V, Chandramouli V, Inzucchi SE, Schumann WC, Petersen KF, Landau BR, Shulman GI (2000) Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 49:2063–2069

Inzucchi SE, Maggs DG, Spollett GR, Page SL, Rife FS, Walton V, Shulman GI (1998) Efficacy and metabolic effects of metformin and troglitazone in type II diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 338:867–872CrossRefPubMed

Ishii T, Yamakita T, Sato T, Tanaka S, Fujii S (1998) Resistance training improves insulin sensitivity in NIDDM subjects without altering maximal oxygen uptake. Diabetes Care 21:1353–1355PubMed

Kahn SE, Larson VG, Beard JC, Cain KC, Fellingham GW, Schwartz RS, Veith RC, Stratton JR, Cerqueira MD, Abrass IB (1990) Effect of exercise on insulin action, glucose tolerance, and insulin secretion in aging. Am J Physiol 258:E937–E943

Ko GT, Chan JC, Woo J, Lau E, Yeung VT, Chow CC, Cockram CS (1998) The reproducibility and usefulness of the oral glucose tolerance test in screening for diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors. Ann Clin Biochem 35(Pt 1):62–67

Kraemer WJ, Fry AC (1995) Strength testing; development and evaluation of methodology. In: Maud PJ, Foster C (eds) Physiological assessment of human fitness. Human Kinetics, Leeds, pp 115–133

Kraniou Y, Cameron-Smith D, Misso M, Collier G, Hargreaves M (2000) Effects of exercise on GLUT-4 and glycogenin gene expression in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 88:794–796

van Loon LJ (2004) Use of intramuscular triacylglycerol as a substrate source during exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol 97:1170–1187

Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC (1985) Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 28:412–419PubMed

Mayhew JL, Piper FC, Ware JS (1993) Anthropometric correlates with strength performance among resistance trained athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 33:159–165

Mikines KJ, Sonne B, Farrell PA, Tronier B, Galbo H (1988) Effect of physical exercise on sensitivity and responsiveness to insulin in humans. Am J Physiol 254:E248–E259

Miller WJ, Sherman WM, Ivy JL (1984) Effect of strength training on glucose tolerance and post-glucose insulin response. Med Sci Sports Exerc 16:539–543

Mokdad AH, Bowman BA, Ford ES, Vinicor F, Marks JS, Koplan JP (2001) The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States. JAMA 286:1195–1200CrossRefPubMed

Niskanen L, Uusitupa M, Sarlund H, Siitonen O, Paljarvi L, Laakso M (1996) The effects of weight loss on insulin sensitivity, skeletal muscle composition and capillary density in obese non-diabetic subjects. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 20:154–160

Perseghin G, Price TB, Petersen KF, Roden M, Cline GW, Gerow K, Rothman DL, Shulman GI (1996) Increased glucose transport-phosphorylation and muscle glycogen synthesis after exercise training in insulin-resistant subjects. N Engl J Med 335:1357–1362CrossRefPubMed

Pichon C, Hunter GR, Morris M, Bond RL, Metz J (1996) Blood pressure and heart rate response and metabolic cost of circuit versus traditional weight training. J Strength Cond Res 10:153–156

Rogers MA, Yamamoto C, King DS, Hagberg JM, Ehsani AA, Holloszy JO (1988) Improvement in glucose tolerance after 1 wk of exercise in patients with mild NIDDM. Diabetes Care 11:613–618

Saltiel AR, Olefsky JM (1996) Thiazolidinediones in the treatment of insulin resistance and type II diabetes. Diabetes 45:1661–1669

Siri WE (1956) The gross composition of the body. Adv Biol Med Physiol 4:238–280

Smutok MA, Reece C, Kokkinos PF, Farmer C, Dawson P, Shulman R, DeVane-Bell J, Patterson J, Charabogos C, Goldberg AP et al (1993) Aerobic versus strength training for risk factor intervention in middle-aged men at high risk for coronary heart disease. Metabolism 42:177–184

Smutok MA, Reece C, Kokkinos PF, Farmer CM, Dawson PK, DeVane J, Patterson J, Goldberg AP, Hurley BF (1994) Effects of exercise training modality on glucose tolerance in men with abnormal glucose regulation. Int J Sports Med 15:283–289PubMed

Thorell A, Hirshman MF, Nygren J, Jorfeldt L, Wojtaszewski JF, Dufresne SD, Horton ES, Ljungqvist O, Goodyear LJ (1999) Exercise and insulin cause GLUT-4 translocation in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 277:E733–E741

Winder WW (2001) Energy-sensing and signaling by AMP-activated protein kinase in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 91:1017–1028

Wojtaszewski JF, Hansen BF, Kiens B, Richter EA (1997) Insulin signaling in human skeletal muscle: time course and effect of exercise. Diabetes 46:1775–1781

Wojtaszewski JF, Hansen BF, Gade J, Kiens B, Markuns JF, Goodyear LJ, Richter EA (2000) Insulin signaling and insulin sensitivity after exercise in human skeletal muscle. Diabetes 49:325–331

Yki-Jarvinen H, Koivisto VA (1983) Effects of body composition on insulin sensitivity. Diabetes 32:965–969

Title: A single session of resistance exercise enhances insulin sensitivity for at least 24 h in healthy men
Authors: René Koopman
Ralph J. F. Manders
Antoine H. G. Zorenc
Gabby B. J. Hul
Harm Kuipers
Hans A. Keizer
Luc J. C. van Loon
Publication date: 01-05-2005
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology / Issue 1-2/2005
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Electronic ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-004-1307-y

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

A single session of resistance exercise enhances insulin sensitivity for at least 24 h in healthy men

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1-2/2005

Determination of muscular fatigue in elite runners

An energy balance of front crawl

A new device for controlled eccentric overloading in training and rehabilitation

Effect of strength training on musculotendinous stiffness in elderly individuals

Kinetics of oxygen uptake during arm cranking with the legs inactive or exercising at moderate intensities

Effects of time pressure and precision demands during computer mouse work on muscle oxygenation and position sense