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Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

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01-05-2012 | Basic Science

Methylglyoxal induces hyperpermeability of the blood–retinal barrier via the loss of tight junction proteins and the activation of matrix metalloproteinases

Authors: Junghyun Kim, Chan-Sik Kim, Yun Mi Lee, Kyuhyung Jo, So Dam Shin, Jin Sook Kim

Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology | Issue 5/2012

Abstract

Background

One of the early signs of diabetic retinopathy is the alteration of the blood–retinal barrier (BRB), which may involve the breakdown of endothelial cell tight junctions. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a cytotoxic metabolite that is produced from glycolysis in vivo. Elevated levels of MGO are observed in a number of pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders and diabetic complications. Herein, we hypothesize that increased levels of MGO disrupt the tight junction protein known as occludin protein by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), leading to breakage of the BRB.

Methods

MGO was intravitreally injected into eyes of rats. BRB leakage, MMPs activity, and occludin were investigated in intravitreally MGO-injected eyes.

Results

When normoglycemic rats were intravitreally injected with 400 μM MGO, there was widespread leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate–bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) from the retinal vasculature when compared to control retinas. In addition, MGO-injected retinas demonstrated increases of both activity and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and the degradation of occludin was found in the MGO-injected retinas.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the activation of MMPs by elevated levels of MGO in the retina may facilitate an increase in vascular permeability by a mechanism involving proteolytic degradation of occludin. These findings may have implications for the role of MGO in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.

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Title: Methylglyoxal induces hyperpermeability of the blood–retinal barrier via the loss of tight junction proteins and the activation of matrix metalloproteinases
Authors: Junghyun Kim
Chan-Sik Kim
Yun Mi Lee
Kyuhyung Jo
So Dam Shin
Jin Sook Kim
Publication date: 01-05-2012
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology / Issue 5/2012
Print ISSN: 0721-832X
Electronic ISSN: 1435-702X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-011-1912-5

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Methylglyoxal induces hyperpermeability of the blood–retinal barrier via the loss of tight junction proteins and the activation of matrix metalloproteinases

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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