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Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

Published in:

01-05-2007 | Review Article

Müller cells as players in retinal degeneration and edema

Authors: Andreas Reichenbach, Antje Wurm, Thomas Pannicke, Ianors Iandiev, Peter Wiedemann, Andreas Bringmann

Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology | Issue 5/2007

Abstract

Background

Under normal conditions, Müller cells support neuronal activity and the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier, whereas gliotic alterations of Müller cells under pathological conditions may contribute to retinal degeneration and edema formation. A major function of Müller cells is the fluid absorption from the retinal tissue, which is mediated by transcellular water transport coupled to currents through potassium channels.

Methods

Alterations of retinal Müller cells under pathological conditions were investigated by immunohistochemistry and recording their behavior under osmotic stress.

Results

In animal models of various retinopathies, e.g., retinal ischemia, ocular inflammation, retinal detachment, and diabetes, it was found that Müller cells decrease the expression of their major potassium channel (Kir4.1). This alteration is associated with an impairment of the rapid water transport across Müller cell membranes, as recognizable in the induction of cellular swelling under hypoosmolar conditions. Osmotic swelling of Müller cells is also induced by oxidative stress and by inflammatory mediators such as arachidonic acid and prostaglandins.

Conclusions

The data suggest that a disturbed fluid transport through Müller cells is (in addition to vascular leakage) a pathogenic factor contributing to the development of retinal edema. Pharmacological re-activation of the retinal water clearance by Müller cells may represent an approach to the development of new edema-resolving drugs. Triamcinolone acetonide, which is clinically used to resolve edema, prevents osmotic swelling of Müller cells as it induces the release of endogenous adenosine and subsequent A1 receptor activation which results in the opening of ion channels. Apparently, triamcinolone resolves edema by both inhibition of vascular leakage and stimulation of retinal fluid clearance by Müller cells.

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Title: Müller cells as players in retinal degeneration and edema
Authors: Andreas Reichenbach
Antje Wurm
Thomas Pannicke
Ianors Iandiev
Peter Wiedemann
Andreas Bringmann
Publication date: 01-05-2007
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology / Issue 5/2007
Print ISSN: 0721-832X
Electronic ISSN: 1435-702X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-006-0516-y

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Müller cells as players in retinal degeneration and edema

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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