Prognosis of untreated occult choroidal neovascularization

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate prognostic factors influencing the short-term prognosis of occult choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

A consecutive series of 107 untreated occult CNV in 101 patients were evaluated in terms of the effect of their initial lesion characteristics, as determined with fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICG-A) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), on the change in distance acuity, lesion size and retinal thickness over 1–3 months. Descriptive statistics, the Pearson Correlation Coefficient and a multiple linear regression analysis were applied to treat the data.

A total of 107 eyes (101 patients) were examined. The study cohort consisted of 35 males and 66 females, with a mean age of 77.6 years. During the 3-month study period the mean distance acuity decreased from 67.0 to 63.2 letters; the mean size of the lesion increased from 16.1 to 18.4 mm²; the mean maximum retinal thickness increased from 374.5 to 387.5 μm. Of the lesions, 59.8% included pigment epithelial detachments (serous or fibrovascular) and 29.9% retinal angiomatous proliferation. A better distance acuity at both visits for the entire study population correlated significantly with smaller lesions, as determined by FA and ICG-A (p <  0.0001), and a lower maximum retinal thickness, as determined by the OCT (p < 0.0001).

A small and statistically insignificant change in distance acuity, lesion size and retinal thickness occurred over the 3 months of the study period. This reduced the ability of the study to examine the effect of baseline findings on outcome. Only two factors – the presence of a RAP lesion or the presence of CNV in the other eye – significantly and adversely affected the distance visual acuity at follow-up.