Skip to main content
Top
Published in: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 11/2018

01-11-2018 | Rhinology

Clinical correlation of molecular (VEGF, FGF, PDGF, c-Myc, c-Kit, Ras, p53) expression in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

Authors: Anupam Mishra, Subhash Chandra Mishra, Ashoak Mani Tripathi, Amita Pandey

Published in: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology | Issue 11/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

A molecular surrogate may exist for the clinical behaviour of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA).

Methods

In 9–14 cases, a ‘correlation’ of clinical behaviour with molecular expression (m-RNA expression through RT-PCR) of VEGF, FGF, PDGF, Ras, c-Myc, c-Kit and p53 was undertaken.

Results

A comparison of the two extremes of expressions characterized some specific clinical phenotypes for every marker except c-Myc. A higher FGF was associated with post-adolescent presentation, smaller tumour size, enhanced haemorrhage and recurrence. A higher c-Kit was associated with adolescents, rapid growth, skull base involvement and recurrence. Enhanced Ras was associated with post-adolescence, smaller tumour size, skull base involvement and recurrence. Enhanced p53 and PDGF were associated with adolescents, early presentation and rapid progression. Higher VEGF expression was associated with skull base involvement and enhanced haemorrhage.

Conclusion

This study is currently the only evidence revealing a clinical molecular association in JNA and larger multicentric studies need to be performed to show a statistical significance.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Schuon R, Brieger J, Heinrich UR, Roth Y, Szyfter W, Mann WJ (2007) Immunohistochemical analysis of growth mechanisms in juvenile angiofibroma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 264:389–394CrossRef Schuon R, Brieger J, Heinrich UR, Roth Y, Szyfter W, Mann WJ (2007) Immunohistochemical analysis of growth mechanisms in juvenile angiofibroma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 264:389–394CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Schiff M, Gonzalez AM, Ong M, Baird A (1992) Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma contain an angiogenic growth factor: basic FGF. Laryngoscope 102:940–945CrossRef Schiff M, Gonzalez AM, Ong M, Baird A (1992) Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma contain an angiogenic growth factor: basic FGF. Laryngoscope 102:940–945CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Dillard DG, Cohen C, Muller S, Del Gaudio J, Reichman O, Parrish B et al (2000) Immunolocalization of activated transforming growth factor beta1 in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 126:723–725CrossRef Dillard DG, Cohen C, Muller S, Del Gaudio J, Reichman O, Parrish B et al (2000) Immunolocalization of activated transforming growth factor beta1 in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 126:723–725CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Senger DR, Galli SJ, Dvorak AM, Perruzzi CA, Harvey VS, Dvorak HF (1983) Tumor cells secrete a vascular permeability factor that promotes accumulation of ascites fluid. Science 219:983–985CrossRef Senger DR, Galli SJ, Dvorak AM, Perruzzi CA, Harvey VS, Dvorak HF (1983) Tumor cells secrete a vascular permeability factor that promotes accumulation of ascites fluid. Science 219:983–985CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Soker S, Takashima S, Miao HQ, Neufeld G, Klagsbrun M (1998) Neuropilin-1 is expressed by endothelial and tumor cells as an isoform-specific receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor. Cell 92:735–745CrossRef Soker S, Takashima S, Miao HQ, Neufeld G, Klagsbrun M (1998) Neuropilin-1 is expressed by endothelial and tumor cells as an isoform-specific receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor. Cell 92:735–745CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Herzog B, Pellet-Many C, Britton G, Hartzoulakis B, Zachary IC (2011) VEGF binding to NRP1 is essential for VEGF stimulation of endothelial cell migration, complex formation between NRP1 and VEGFR2, and signaling via FAK Tyr407 phosphorylation. Mol Biol Cell 22:2766–2776CrossRef Herzog B, Pellet-Many C, Britton G, Hartzoulakis B, Zachary IC (2011) VEGF binding to NRP1 is essential for VEGF stimulation of endothelial cell migration, complex formation between NRP1 and VEGFR2, and signaling via FAK Tyr407 phosphorylation. Mol Biol Cell 22:2766–2776CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Palmer BF, Clegg DJ (2014) Oxygen sensing and metabolic homeostasis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 397:51–58CrossRef Palmer BF, Clegg DJ (2014) Oxygen sensing and metabolic homeostasis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 397:51–58CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Matsumoto E, Sasaki S, Kinoshita H, Kito T, Ohta H, Konishi M et al (2013) Angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are promoted in mice lacking Fgf16. Genes Cells 18:544–553CrossRef Matsumoto E, Sasaki S, Kinoshita H, Kito T, Ohta H, Konishi M et al (2013) Angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are promoted in mice lacking Fgf16. Genes Cells 18:544–553CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Xiao L, Du Y, Shen Y, He Y, Zhao H, Li Z (2012) TGF-beta 1 induced fibroblast proliferation is mediated by the FGF-2/ERK pathway. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 17:2667–2674CrossRef Xiao L, Du Y, Shen Y, He Y, Zhao H, Li Z (2012) TGF-beta 1 induced fibroblast proliferation is mediated by the FGF-2/ERK pathway. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 17:2667–2674CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Warburton D (2012) Developmental responses to lung injury: repair or fibrosis. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 5:S2CrossRef Warburton D (2012) Developmental responses to lung injury: repair or fibrosis. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 5:S2CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Gupte VV, Ramasamy SK, Reddy R, Lee J, Weinreb PH, Violette SM et al (2009) Overexpression of fibroblast growth factor-10 during both inflammatory and fibrotic phases attenuates bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180:424–436CrossRef Gupte VV, Ramasamy SK, Reddy R, Lee J, Weinreb PH, Violette SM et al (2009) Overexpression of fibroblast growth factor-10 during both inflammatory and fibrotic phases attenuates bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180:424–436CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Lemmon SK, Riley MC, Thomas KA, Hoover GA, Maciag T, Bradshaw RA (1982) Bovine fibroblast growth factor: comparison of brain and pituitary preparations. J Cell Biol 95:162–169CrossRef Lemmon SK, Riley MC, Thomas KA, Hoover GA, Maciag T, Bradshaw RA (1982) Bovine fibroblast growth factor: comparison of brain and pituitary preparations. J Cell Biol 95:162–169CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Thomas KA, Rios-Candelore M, Gimenez-Gallego G, DiSalvo J, Bennett C, Rodkey J et al (1985) Pure brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor is a potent angiogenic vascular endothelial cell mitogen with sequence homology to interleukin 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:6409–6413CrossRef Thomas KA, Rios-Candelore M, Gimenez-Gallego G, DiSalvo J, Bennett C, Rodkey J et al (1985) Pure brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor is a potent angiogenic vascular endothelial cell mitogen with sequence homology to interleukin 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:6409–6413CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Schreiber AB, Kenney J, Kowalski WJ, Friesel R, Mehlman T, Maciag T (1985) Interaction of endothelial cell growth factor with heparin: characterization by receptor and antibody recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:6138–6142CrossRef Schreiber AB, Kenney J, Kowalski WJ, Friesel R, Mehlman T, Maciag T (1985) Interaction of endothelial cell growth factor with heparin: characterization by receptor and antibody recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:6138–6142CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Schreiber AB, Kenney J, Kowalski J, Thomas KA, Gimenez-Gallego G, Rios-Candelore M et al (1985) A unique family of endothelial cell polypeptide mitogens: the antigenic and receptor cross-reactivity of bovine endothelial cell growth factor, brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor, and eye-derived growth factor-II. J Cell Biol 101:1623–1626CrossRef Schreiber AB, Kenney J, Kowalski J, Thomas KA, Gimenez-Gallego G, Rios-Candelore M et al (1985) A unique family of endothelial cell polypeptide mitogens: the antigenic and receptor cross-reactivity of bovine endothelial cell growth factor, brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor, and eye-derived growth factor-II. J Cell Biol 101:1623–1626CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Kumar V (2010) Robbins and coltran pathologic basis of disease. Elsevier, Beijing, pp 88–89 (ISBN: 978-1-4160-3121-5) Kumar V (2010) Robbins and coltran pathologic basis of disease. Elsevier, Beijing, pp 88–89 (ISBN: 978-1-4160-3121-5)
17.
go back to reference Demoulin JB, Montano-Almendras CP (2012) Platelet-derived growth factors and their receptors in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Am J Blood Res 2:44–56PubMedPubMedCentral Demoulin JB, Montano-Almendras CP (2012) Platelet-derived growth factors and their receptors in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Am J Blood Res 2:44–56PubMedPubMedCentral
18.
go back to reference Andrae J, Gallini R, Betsholtz C (2008) Role of platelet-derived growth factors in physiology and medicine. Genes Dev 22:1276–1312CrossRef Andrae J, Gallini R, Betsholtz C (2008) Role of platelet-derived growth factors in physiology and medicine. Genes Dev 22:1276–1312CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Hannink M, Donoghue DJ (1989) Structure and function of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and related proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 989:1–10PubMed Hannink M, Donoghue DJ (1989) Structure and function of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and related proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 989:1–10PubMed
20.
go back to reference Heldin CH (1992) Structural and functional studies on platelet-derived growth factor. EMBO J 11:4251–4259CrossRef Heldin CH (1992) Structural and functional studies on platelet-derived growth factor. EMBO J 11:4251–4259CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Zhang PJ, Weber R, Liang H, Pasha TL, LiVolsi VA (2003) Growth factors and receptors in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and nasal polyps. Arch Pathol Lab Med 127:1480–1484PubMed Zhang PJ, Weber R, Liang H, Pasha TL, LiVolsi VA (2003) Growth factors and receptors in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and nasal polyps. Arch Pathol Lab Med 127:1480–1484PubMed
22.
go back to reference Pauli J, Gundelach R, Vanelli-Rees A, Rees G, Campbell C, Dubey S et al (2008) Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: an immunohistochemical characterisation of the stromal cell. Pathology 40:396–400CrossRef Pauli J, Gundelach R, Vanelli-Rees A, Rees G, Campbell C, Dubey S et al (2008) Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: an immunohistochemical characterisation of the stromal cell. Pathology 40:396–400CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Ribatti D, Ranieri G, Basile A, Azzariti A, Paradiso A, Vacca A (2012) Tumor endothelial markers as a target in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 16:1215–1225CrossRef Ribatti D, Ranieri G, Basile A, Azzariti A, Paradiso A, Vacca A (2012) Tumor endothelial markers as a target in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 16:1215–1225CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Downward J (2003) Targeting RAS signaling pathways in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 3:11–22CrossRef Downward J (2003) Targeting RAS signaling pathways in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 3:11–22CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Lim KH, Baines AT, Fiordalisi JJ, Shipitsin M, Feig LA, Cox AD et al (2005) Activation of RalA is critical for Ras-induced tumorigenesis of human cells. Cancer Cell 7:533–545CrossRef Lim KH, Baines AT, Fiordalisi JJ, Shipitsin M, Feig LA, Cox AD et al (2005) Activation of RalA is critical for Ras-induced tumorigenesis of human cells. Cancer Cell 7:533–545CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Hamad NM, Elconin JH, Karnoub AE, Bai W, Rich JN, Abraham RT,.et al (2002) Distinct requirements for Ras oncogenesis in human versus mouse cells. Genes Dev 16:2045–2057CrossRef Hamad NM, Elconin JH, Karnoub AE, Bai W, Rich JN, Abraham RT,.et al (2002) Distinct requirements for Ras oncogenesis in human versus mouse cells. Genes Dev 16:2045–2057CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Paterson IC, Eveson JW, Prime SS (1996) Molecular changes in oral cancer may reflect aetiology and ethnic origin. Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol 32:150–153CrossRef Paterson IC, Eveson JW, Prime SS (1996) Molecular changes in oral cancer may reflect aetiology and ethnic origin. Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol 32:150–153CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Mishra A, Mishra SC (2016) Changing trends in the incidence of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: seven decades of experience at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India. J Laryngol Otol 130:363–368CrossRef Mishra A, Mishra SC (2016) Changing trends in the incidence of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: seven decades of experience at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India. J Laryngol Otol 130:363–368CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Mishra A, Jaiswal R, Pandey A, Mishra SC (2018) Molecular interactions in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: preliminary signature and relevant review. Eur Arch Otolaryngol (submitted) Mishra A, Jaiswal R, Pandey A, Mishra SC (2018) Molecular interactions in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: preliminary signature and relevant review. Eur Arch Otolaryngol (submitted)
30.
go back to reference Pandey P, Mishra A, Tripathi AM, Verma V, Trivedi R, Singh HP et al (2017) Current molecular profile of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: first comprehensive study from India. Laryngoscope 127:e100–e106CrossRef Pandey P, Mishra A, Tripathi AM, Verma V, Trivedi R, Singh HP et al (2017) Current molecular profile of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: first comprehensive study from India. Laryngoscope 127:e100–e106CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Mishra A, Mishra SC, Verma V, Singh HP, Kumar S, Tripathi AM et al (2016) In defence of transpalatal, transpalatal-circumaxillary (transpterygopalatine) and transpalatal-circumaxillary-sublabial approaches to lateral extensions of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. J Laryngol Otol 130:462–473CrossRef Mishra A, Mishra SC, Verma V, Singh HP, Kumar S, Tripathi AM et al (2016) In defence of transpalatal, transpalatal-circumaxillary (transpterygopalatine) and transpalatal-circumaxillary-sublabial approaches to lateral extensions of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. J Laryngol Otol 130:462–473CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Radkowski D, McGill T, Healy GB, Ohlms L, Jones DT (1996) Angiofibroma: changes in staging and treatment. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 122:122–129CrossRef Radkowski D, McGill T, Healy GB, Ohlms L, Jones DT (1996) Angiofibroma: changes in staging and treatment. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 122:122–129CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Mishra SC, Shukla GK, Bhatia N, Pant MC (1989) A rational classification of angiofibromas of the postnasal space. J Laryngol Otol 103:912–916CrossRef Mishra SC, Shukla GK, Bhatia N, Pant MC (1989) A rational classification of angiofibromas of the postnasal space. J Laryngol Otol 103:912–916CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Mishra A, Mishra SC, Pandey A (2017) Variations in molecular expressions of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. J Laryngol Otol 131(9):752–759CrossRef Mishra A, Mishra SC, Pandey A (2017) Variations in molecular expressions of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. J Laryngol Otol 131(9):752–759CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Mishra A, Verma V (2018) Implication of embolization in residual disease in lateral extension of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. J Oral Biol Craniofacial Res (submitted) Mishra A, Verma V (2018) Implication of embolization in residual disease in lateral extension of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. J Oral Biol Craniofacial Res (submitted)
36.
go back to reference Saylam G, Yucel OT, Sungur A, Onerci M (2006) Proliferation, angiogenesis and hormonal markers in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 70:227–234CrossRef Saylam G, Yucel OT, Sungur A, Onerci M (2006) Proliferation, angiogenesis and hormonal markers in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 70:227–234CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Brieger J, Wierzbicka M, Sokolov M, Roth Y, Szyfter W, Mann WJ (2004) Vessel density, proliferation and immunolocalization of vascular endothelial growth factor in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 130:727–731CrossRef Brieger J, Wierzbicka M, Sokolov M, Roth Y, Szyfter W, Mann WJ (2004) Vessel density, proliferation and immunolocalization of vascular endothelial growth factor in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 130:727–731CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Arbiser ZK, Arbiser JL, Cohen C, Gal AA (2001) Neuroendocrine lung tumors: grade correlates with proliferation but not angiogenesis. Mod Pathol 14:1195–1199CrossRef Arbiser ZK, Arbiser JL, Cohen C, Gal AA (2001) Neuroendocrine lung tumors: grade correlates with proliferation but not angiogenesis. Mod Pathol 14:1195–1199CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Juric G, Zarkovic N, Nola M, Tillian M, Jukić S (2001) The value of cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the prognostic assessment of ovarian granulosa cell tumors. Tumori 87:47–53CrossRef Juric G, Zarkovic N, Nola M, Tillian M, Jukić S (2001) The value of cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the prognostic assessment of ovarian granulosa cell tumors. Tumori 87:47–53CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Mishra A, Singh V, Verma V, Pandey S, Trivedi R, Singh HP et al (2016) Current status and Clinical correlation of beta-catenin in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. J Laryngol Otol 30:1–7 Mishra A, Singh V, Verma V, Pandey S, Trivedi R, Singh HP et al (2016) Current status and Clinical correlation of beta-catenin in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. J Laryngol Otol 30:1–7
41.
go back to reference Profumo V, Gandellini P (2013) MicroRNAs: cobblestones on the road to cancer metastasis. Crit Rev Oncog 18:341–355CrossRef Profumo V, Gandellini P (2013) MicroRNAs: cobblestones on the road to cancer metastasis. Crit Rev Oncog 18:341–355CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Pietras K, Pahler J, Bergers G, Hanahan D (2008) Functions of paracrine PDGF signalling in the proangiogenic tumor stroma revealed by pharmacological targeting. PLoS Med 5:e19CrossRef Pietras K, Pahler J, Bergers G, Hanahan D (2008) Functions of paracrine PDGF signalling in the proangiogenic tumor stroma revealed by pharmacological targeting. PLoS Med 5:e19CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Song S, Ewald AJ, Stallcup W, Werb Z, Bergers G (2005) PDGFRbþ perivascular progenitor cells in tumours regulate pericyte differentiation and vascular survival. Nat Cell Biol 7:870–879CrossRef Song S, Ewald AJ, Stallcup W, Werb Z, Bergers G (2005) PDGFRbþ perivascular progenitor cells in tumours regulate pericyte differentiation and vascular survival. Nat Cell Biol 7:870–879CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Dong J, Grunstein J, Tejada M, Peale F, Frantz G, Liang WC et al (2004) VEGF null cells require PDGFR alpha signaling mediated stromal fibroblast recruitment for tumorigenesis. EMBO J 23:2800–2810CrossRef Dong J, Grunstein J, Tejada M, Peale F, Frantz G, Liang WC et al (2004) VEGF null cells require PDGFR alpha signaling mediated stromal fibroblast recruitment for tumorigenesis. EMBO J 23:2800–2810CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Nagai MA, Butugan O, Logullo A, Brentani MM (1996) Expression of growth factors, protooncogenes and p53 in nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. Laryngoscope 106:190–195CrossRef Nagai MA, Butugan O, Logullo A, Brentani MM (1996) Expression of growth factors, protooncogenes and p53 in nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. Laryngoscope 106:190–195CrossRef
46.
go back to reference López-Martin A, Ballestín C, Garcia-Carbonero R, Castaño A, Lopez-Ríos F, López-Encuentra A et al (2007) Prognostic value of Kit expression in small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 56:405–413CrossRef López-Martin A, Ballestín C, Garcia-Carbonero R, Castaño A, Lopez-Ríos F, López-Encuentra A et al (2007) Prognostic value of Kit expression in small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 56:405–413CrossRef
47.
go back to reference Chau WK, Ip CK, Mak AS, Lai HC, Wong AS (2013) c-Kit mediates chemoresistance and tumor-initiating capacity of ovarian cancer cells through activation of Wnt/β-catenin-ATP-binding cassette G2 signaling. Oncogene 32:2767–2781CrossRef Chau WK, Ip CK, Mak AS, Lai HC, Wong AS (2013) c-Kit mediates chemoresistance and tumor-initiating capacity of ovarian cancer cells through activation of Wnt/β-catenin-ATP-binding cassette G2 signaling. Oncogene 32:2767–2781CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Wiesner C, Nabha SM, Dos Santos EB, Yamamoto H, Meng H, Melchior SW et al (2008) c-Kit and its ligand stem cell factor: potential contribution to prostate cancer bone metastasis. Neoplasia 10:996–1003CrossRef Wiesner C, Nabha SM, Dos Santos EB, Yamamoto H, Meng H, Melchior SW et al (2008) c-Kit and its ligand stem cell factor: potential contribution to prostate cancer bone metastasis. Neoplasia 10:996–1003CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Cheng P, Chen H, Liu SR, Pu XY (2013) A ZC. SNPs in KIT and KITLG genes may be associated with oligospermia in Chinese population. Biomarkers 18:650–654CrossRef Cheng P, Chen H, Liu SR, Pu XY (2013) A ZC. SNPs in KIT and KITLG genes may be associated with oligospermia in Chinese population. Biomarkers 18:650–654CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Marcu KB, Bossone SA, Patel AJ (1992) Myc function and regulation. Annu Rev Biochem 61:809–860CrossRef Marcu KB, Bossone SA, Patel AJ (1992) Myc function and regulation. Annu Rev Biochem 61:809–860CrossRef
51.
go back to reference He TC, Sparks AB, Rago C, Hermeking H, Zawel L, da Costa LT et al (1998) Identification of c-MYC as a target of the APC pathway. Science 281:1509–1512CrossRef He TC, Sparks AB, Rago C, Hermeking H, Zawel L, da Costa LT et al (1998) Identification of c-MYC as a target of the APC pathway. Science 281:1509–1512CrossRef
52.
go back to reference van de Wetering M, Sancho E, Verweij C, de Lau W, Oving I, Hurlstone A et al (2002) The beta-catenin/TCF-4 complex imposes a crypt progenitor phenotype on colorectal cancer cells. Cell 111:241–250CrossRef van de Wetering M, Sancho E, Verweij C, de Lau W, Oving I, Hurlstone A et al (2002) The beta-catenin/TCF-4 complex imposes a crypt progenitor phenotype on colorectal cancer cells. Cell 111:241–250CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Sansom OJ, Reed KR, Hayes AJ, Ireland H, Brinkmann H, Newton IP et al (2004) Loss of Apc in vivo immediately perturbs Wnt signaling, differentiation and migration. Genes Dev 18:1385–1390CrossRef Sansom OJ, Reed KR, Hayes AJ, Ireland H, Brinkmann H, Newton IP et al (2004) Loss of Apc in vivo immediately perturbs Wnt signaling, differentiation and migration. Genes Dev 18:1385–1390CrossRef
54.
go back to reference Serrano M, Lin AW, McCurrach ME, Beach D, Lowe SW (1997) Oncogenic Ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a. Cell 88:593–602CrossRef Serrano M, Lin AW, McCurrach ME, Beach D, Lowe SW (1997) Oncogenic Ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a. Cell 88:593–602CrossRef
55.
go back to reference Mitchell PJ, Perez-Nadales E, Malcolm DS, Lloyd AC (2003) Dissecting the contribution of p16(INK4A) and the Rb family to the Ras transformed phenotype. Mol Cell Biol 23:2530–2542CrossRef Mitchell PJ, Perez-Nadales E, Malcolm DS, Lloyd AC (2003) Dissecting the contribution of p16(INK4A) and the Rb family to the Ras transformed phenotype. Mol Cell Biol 23:2530–2542CrossRef
56.
go back to reference Coutinho CM, Bassini AS, Gutie´rrez LG, Butugan O, Kowalski LP, Brentani MM et al (1999) Genetic alterations in Ki-ras and Ha-ras genes in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas and head and neck cancer. Sao Paulo Med J 117:113–120CrossRef Coutinho CM, Bassini AS, Gutie´rrez LG, Butugan O, Kowalski LP, Brentani MM et al (1999) Genetic alterations in Ki-ras and Ha-ras genes in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas and head and neck cancer. Sao Paulo Med J 117:113–120CrossRef
57.
go back to reference Schick B, Veldung B, Wemmert S, Jung V, Montenarh M, Meese E et al (2005) p53 and Her-2/neu in juvenile angiofibromas. Oncol Rep 13:453–457PubMed Schick B, Veldung B, Wemmert S, Jung V, Montenarh M, Meese E et al (2005) p53 and Her-2/neu in juvenile angiofibromas. Oncol Rep 13:453–457PubMed
58.
go back to reference Mishra A, Sachadeva M, Jain A, Shukla NM, Pandey A (2016) Human papilloma virus in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: possible recent trend. Am J Otolaryngol Head Neck Med Surg 37:317–322 Mishra A, Sachadeva M, Jain A, Shukla NM, Pandey A (2016) Human papilloma virus in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: possible recent trend. Am J Otolaryngol Head Neck Med Surg 37:317–322
Metadata
Title
Clinical correlation of molecular (VEGF, FGF, PDGF, c-Myc, c-Kit, Ras, p53) expression in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Authors
Anupam Mishra
Subhash Chandra Mishra
Ashoak Mani Tripathi
Amita Pandey
Publication date
01-11-2018
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology / Issue 11/2018
Print ISSN: 0937-4477
Electronic ISSN: 1434-4726
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-018-5110-5

Other articles of this Issue 11/2018

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 11/2018 Go to the issue