Top

Published in:

01-02-2014 | Reproductive Medicine

Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum in women of reproductive age

Authors: Blaženka Hunjak, Ivan Sabol, Gordana Vojnović, Ivan Fistonić, Andrea Babić Erceg, Zdenka Peršić, Magdalena Grce

Published in: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics | Issue 2/2014

Abstract

Objectives

To determine the incidence of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum (UP) in symptomatic and asymptomatic women of reproductive age and to estimate antibiotic susceptibility of ureaplasma isolates.

Materials and methods

This study included 424 ureaplasma positive women of 1,370 tested women who visited gynecological practices during 2010. Cervicovaginal or urethral swab specimens from each patient were obtained for cultivation and molecular typing by RT-PCR.

Results

Ureaplasma spp. was identified by cultivation in 424 (34.4 %) cases, of which 79.0 % were from women with symptoms and 21.0 % from women without symptoms. Among ureaplasma positive women, 121 (28.5 %) were pregnant. Genotyping was successful in 244 strains, and the majority of samples were identified as UP (92.6 %). Among genotyped isolates, there were 79.5 % from symptomatic and 20.5 % from asymptomatic women; 29.9 % from pregnant and 70.1 % from non-pregnant women. There was no difference in the incidence of ureaplasma type regarding symptoms. Antibiotic susceptibility of 424 ureaplasma isolates identified by cultivation showed that all strains were susceptible to doxycycline, josamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, clarithromycin and pristinamycin, but there was lower susceptibility to quinolone antibiotics, i.e., 42.9 and 24.5 % isolates were susceptible to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively.

Conclusion

This study shows that UP was the most frequent isolated ureaplasma species (92.6 %). Regarding antibiotic susceptibility, quinolones are not the best choice for the treatment of ureaplasma infections, while macrolides and tetracyclines are still effective.

Waites KB, Taylor-Robinson D (2011) Mycoplasma and ureaplasma. In: Versalovic J, Carroll KC, Funke G, Jorgensen JH, Landry ML (eds) Manual of clinical microbiology, 10th edn. ASM Press, Washington DC, pp 974–985

Cassell GH, Waites KB, Watson HL, Crouse DT, Harasawa R (1993) Ureaplasma urealyticum intrauterine infection: role in prematurity and disease in newborns. Clin Microbiol Rev 6:69–87PubMedCentralPubMed

Waites KB, Katz B, Schelonka RL (2005) Mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas as neonatal pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev 18:757–789. doi:10.1128/CMR.18.4.757-789.2005 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Taylor-Robinson D, Bébéar C (1997) Antibiotic susceptibilities of mycoplasmas and treatment of mycoplasmal infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 40:622–630. doi:10.1093/jac/40.5.622 PubMedCrossRef

Glass JI, Lefkowitz EJ, Glass JS, Heiner CR, Chen EY et al (2000) The complete sequence of the mucosal pathogen Ureaplasma urealyticum. Nature 407:757–762. doi:10.1038/35037619 PubMedCrossRef

Zhang W, Wu Y, Yin W, Yu M (2002) Study of isolation of fluoroquinolone-resistant Ureaplasma urealyticum and identification of mutant sites. Chin Med J 115:1573–1575PubMed

Daxboeck F, Zitta S, Stadler M, Iro E, Krause R (2005) Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in patients with sterile pyuria. J Infect 51:54–58. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2004.06.010 PubMedCrossRef

Witt A, Berger A, Gruber CJ, Petricevic L, Apfalter P et al (2005) Increased intrauterine frequency of Ureaplasma urealyticum in women with preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of the membranes and subsequent cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 193:1663–1669. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.03.067 PubMedCrossRef

Pararas MV, Skevaki CL, Kafetzis DA (2006) Preterm birth due to maternal infection: causative pathogens and modes of prevention. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 25:562–569. doi:10.1007/s10096-006-0190-3 PubMedCrossRef

10.

Clegg A, Passey M, Yoannes M, Michael A (1997) High rates of genital mycoplasma infection in the highlands of Papua New Guinea determined both by culture and by a commercial detection kit. J Clin Microbiol 35:197–200PubMedCentralPubMed

11.

Robertson JA, Stemke GW, Davis JW, Harasawa R, Thirkell D et al (2002) Proposal of Ureaplasma parvum sp. nov. and emended description of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Shepard et al. 1974) Robertson et al. 2001. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:587–597PubMed

12.

Mallard K, Schopfer K, Bodmer T (2005) Development of real-time PCR for the differential detection and quantification of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum. J Microbiol Methods 60:13–19. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2004.08.005 PubMedCrossRef

13.

Kilic D, Basar MM, Kaygusuz S, Yilmaz E, Basar H et al (2004) Prevalence and treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma hominis in patients with non-gonococcal urethritis. Jpn J Infect Dis 57:17–20PubMed

14.

Xie X, Zhang J (2006) Trends in the rates of resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum to antibiotics and identification of the mutation site in the quinolone resistance-determining region in Chinese patients. FEMS Microbiol Lett 259:181–186. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00239.x PubMedCrossRef

15.

Airell A, Ottosson L, Bygdeman SM, Carlberg H, Lidbrink P et al (2000) Chlamydia trachomatis PCR (Cobas Amplicor) in women: endocervical specimen transported in a specimen of urine versus endocervical and urethral specimens in 2-SP medium versus urine specimen only. Int J STD AIDS 11:651–658PubMedCrossRef

16.

Zdrodowska-Stefanow B, Kłosowska WM, Ostaszewska-Puchalska I, Bułhak-Kozioł V, Kotowicz B (2006) Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis infection in women with urogenital diseases. Adv Med Sci 51:250–253PubMed

17.

Kechagia N, Bersimis S, Chatzipanagiotou S (2008) Incidence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of genital mycoplasmas in outpatient women with clinical vaginitis in Athens, Greece. J Antimicrob Chemother 62:122–125. doi:10.1093/jac/dkn158 PubMedCrossRef

18.

Ekiel AM, Friedek DA, Romanik MK, Jóźwiak J, Martirosian G (2009) Occurrence of Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum in women with cervical dysplasia in Katowice, Poland. J Korean Med Sci 24:1177–1181. doi:10.3346/jkms.2009.24.6.1177 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

19.

Xiao L, Glass JI, Paralanov V, Yooseph S, Cassell GH et al (2010) Detection and characterization of human ureaplasma species and serovars by real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 48:2715–2723. doi:10.1128/JCM.01877-09 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

20.

Tang J, Zhou L, Liu X, Zhang C, Zhao Y et al (2011) Novel multiplex real-time PCR system using the SNP technology for the simultaneous diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum and genetic typing of serovars of C. trachomatis and U. parvum in NGU. Mol Cell Probes 25:55–59. doi:10.1016/j.mcp.2010.12.001 PubMedCrossRef

21.

Kacerovský M, Boudys L (2008) Preterm premature rupture of membranes and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Ceska Gynekol 73:154–159PubMed

22.

Beeton ML, Chalker VJ, Kotecha S, Spiller OB (2009) Comparison of full gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE gene sequences between all Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum serovars to separate true fluoroquinolone antibiotic resistance mutations from non-resistance polymorphism. J Antimicrob Chemother 64:529–538. doi:10.1093/jac/dkp218 PubMedCrossRef

23.

Bayraktar MR, Ozerol IH, Gucluer N, Celik O (2010) Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in pregnant women. Int J Infect Dis 14:e90–e95. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2009.03.020 PubMedCrossRef

24.

Govender S, Theron GB, Odendaal HJ, Chalkley LJ (2009) Prevalence of genital mycoplasmas, ureaplasmas and chlamydia in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol 29:698–701. doi:10.3109/01443610903184033 PubMedCrossRef

25.

Vogel I, Thorsen P, Hogan VK, Schieve LA, Jacobsson B et al (2006) The joint effect of vaginal Ureaplasma urealyticum and bacterial vaginosis on adverse pregnancy outcomes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 85:778–785. doi:10.1080/00016340500442423 PubMedCrossRef

26.

Mareş MNV (2011) High prevalence of fluoroquinolones resistance in Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma strains isolated from infertile women under initial evaluation in North-east Romania. Romanian Biotechnol Lett 16:5858–5862

Title: Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum in women of reproductive age
Authors: Blaženka Hunjak
Ivan Sabol
Gordana Vojnović
Ivan Fistonić
Andrea Babić Erceg
Zdenka Peršić
Magdalena Grce
Publication date: 01-02-2014
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics / Issue 2/2014
Print ISSN: 0932-0067
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0711
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-013-2980-z

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum in women of reproductive age

Abstract

Objectives

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Objectives

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 2/2014

Real-time tissue elastography of uterine sarcoma

Prospective evaluation of 3T MRI findings for primary adnexal lesions and comparison with the final histological diagnosis

Retrospective study of pregnant women placed under expectant management for persistent hemorrhage

Evaluation of active camera control systems in gynecological surgery: construction, handling, comfort, surgeries and results

The necessity of using tenaculum for endometrial sampling procedure with pipelle: a randomized controlled study

The mode of delivery in patients with preeclampsia at term subject to elective or emergency Cesarean section