Top

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics

Published in:

01-02-2012 | Reproductive Medicine

Association between menopausal symptoms and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women

Authors: Suk Woo Lee, Hyun Hee Jo, Mee Ran Kim, Dong Jin Kwon, Young Oak You, Jang Heup Kim

Published in: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics | Issue 2/2012

Abstract

Purpose

Menopausal symptoms are major concerns of postmenopausal women. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and menopause is associated with an increased prevalence of MetS. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between menopausal symptoms and MetS in postmenopausal women.

Methods

We selected 183 women who attended St. Vincent Hospital of the Catholic University of Korea in 2008 and 2009 and divided them into two groups (with and without MetS). Menopausal status was assessed with the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) questionnaire. The body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio were determined, and the serum fasting glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure were measured in all participants.

Results

Of 183 postmenopausal women, 64 (35.0%) had MetS. A significant increase was observed in the total MRS score and the total somatic symptom subscale score in the MetS group (p = 0.021, p = 0.043, respectively). Vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes and sweating occurred with higher frequency in the MetS group than in those without MetS (p = 0.034). High triglyceride levels and an increase of the number of components of MetS were associated with a higher total subscale score of somatic symptoms (p = 0.044, p = 0.039, respectively).

Conclusions

These results showed that a higher total subscale score and a higher frequency of somatic symptoms such as hot flashes and sweating were present in the MetS group. Larger scale studies are needed to clarify the association between other menopausal symptoms and MetS in postmenopausal women.

Hunter M (1992) The south-east England longitudinal study of the climacteric and postmenopause. Maturitas 14:117–126PubMedCrossRef

Schmidt PJ, Rubinow DR (1991) Menopause-related affective disorders: a justification for further study. Am J Psychiatry 148:844–852PubMed

Dennerstein L, Randolph J, Taffe J, Dudley E, Burger H (2002) Hormones, mood, sexuality, and the menopausal transition. Fertil Steril 77(Suppl 4):S42–S48PubMedCrossRef

Grodstein F, Stampfer M (1995) The epidemiology of coronary heart disease and estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 38:199–210PubMedCrossRef

Riis BJ, Hansen MA, Jensen AM, Overgaard K, Christiansen C (1996) Low bone mass and fast rate of bone loss at menopause: equal risk factors for future fracture: a 15-year follow-up study. Bone 19:9–12PubMedCrossRef

Burger HG, Dudley EC, Robertson DM, Dennerstein L (2002) Hormonal changes in the menopause transition. Recent Prog Horm Res 57:257–275PubMedCrossRef

Ulrich LG, Barlow DH, Sturdee DW, Wells M, Campbell MJ, Nielsen B et al (1997) Quality of life and patient preference for sequential versus continuous combined HRT: the UK Kliofem multicenter study experience. UK Continuous Combined HRT Study Investigators. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 59(Suppl1):S11–S17

Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (2001) Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. JAMA 285:2486–2497

Lobo RA (2008) Metabolic syndrome after menopause and the role of hormones. Maturitas 60:10–18PubMedCrossRef

10.

Pasquali R, Casimirri F, Labate AM, Tortelli O, Pascal G, Anconetani B et al (1994) Body weight, fat distribution and the menopausal status in women. The VMH Collaborative Group. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 18:614–621PubMed

11.

Thurston RC, Sowers MR, Sutton-Tyrell K, Everson-Rose SA, Lewis TT, Edmundowicz D et al (2008) Abdominal adiposity and hot flashes among midlife women. Menopause 15:429–434PubMedCrossRef

12.

Gast GC, Grobbee DE, Pop VJ, Keyzer JJ, Wijnands-van Gent CJ, Samsioe GN et al (2008) Menopausal complaints are associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Hypertension 51:1492–1498PubMedCrossRef

13.

Esposito K, Giugliano D (2005) Obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and sexual dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 17:391–398PubMedCrossRef

14.

Laudisio A, Marzetti E, Pagano F, Bernabei R, Zuccala G (2009) Depressive symptoms and metabolic syndromes: selective association in older women. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 22:215–222PubMedCrossRef

15.

Hauser GA, Huber IC, Keller PJ, Lauritzen C, Schneider HP (1994) Evaluation of climacteric symptoms (Menopause Rating Scale). Zentralbl Gynakol 116:16–23PubMed

16.

Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F et al (2004) Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 364:937–952PubMedCrossRef

17.

Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ (1998) Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 15:539–553PubMedCrossRef

18.

Krotkiewski M, Bjorntorp P, Sjostrom L, Smith U (1983) Impact of obesity on metabolism in men and women. Importance of regional adipose tissue distribution. J Clin Invest 72:1150–1162PubMedCrossRef

19.

Lee CG, Carr MC, Murdich SJ, Mitchell E, Woods NF, Wener MH et al (2009) Adipokines, inflammation, and visceral adiposity across the menopausal transition: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:1104–1110PubMedCrossRef

20.

Poehlman ET, Toth MJ, Gardner AW (1995) Changes in energy balance and body composition at menopause: a controlled longitudinal study 123:673–675

21.

Grodstein F, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ (2000) A prospective, observational study of postmenopausal hormone therapy and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ann Intern Med 133:933–941PubMed

22.

Rossouw JE, Prentice RL, Manson JE, Wu L, Barad D, Bamabei VM et al (2007) Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. JAMA 297:1465–1477PubMedCrossRef

23.

Chedraui P, Hidalgo L, Chavez D, Morocho N, Alvarado M, Huc A (2007) Menopausal symptoms and associated risk factors among postmenopausal women screened for the metabolic syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 275:161–168PubMedCrossRef

24.

Fernandez-Alonso AM, Cuadros JL, Chedraui P, Mendoza M, Cuadros AM, Perez-Lopez FR (2010) Obesity is related to increased menopausal symptoms among Spanish women. Menopause Int 16:105–110PubMedCrossRef

25.

Freedman RR (2005) Pathophysiology and treatment of menopausal hot flashes. Semin Reprod Med 23:117–125PubMedCrossRef

26.

Erlik Y, Meldrum DR, Judd HL (1982) Estrogen levels in postmenopausal women with hot flashes. Obstet Gynecol 59:403–407PubMed

27.

Otte JW, Merrick MA, Ingersoll CD, Cordova ML (2002) Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness alters cooling time during cryotherapy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 83:1501–1505PubMedCrossRef

28.

Thurston RC, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Everson-Rose SA, Hess R, Matthews KA (2008) Hot flashes and subclinical cardiovascular disease: findings from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation Heart Study. Circulation 118(12):1234–1240PubMedCrossRef

29.

Temml C, Obermayr R, Marszalek M, Rauchenwald M, Madersbacher S, Ponholzer A (2009) Are lower urinary tract symptoms influenced by metabolic syndrome? Urology 73(3):544–548PubMedCrossRef

30.

Ponholzer A, Temml C, Rauchenwald M, Marszalek M, Madersbacher S (2008) Is metabolic syndrome a risk factor for female sexual dysfunction in sexually active women? Int J Impot Res 20:100–104PubMedCrossRef

31.

Skilton MR, Moulin P, Terra JL, Bonnet F (2007) Association between anxiety, depression, and the metabolic syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 62:1251–1257PubMedCrossRef

32.

Hildrum B, Mykletun A, Midrthjell K, Ismail K, Dahl AA (2009) No association of depression and anxiety with the metabolic syndrome: the Norwegian HUNT study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 120:14–22PubMedCrossRef

33.

Nagai M, Komiya H, Mori Y, Ohta T, Kasahara Y, Ikeda Y (2010) Estimating visceral fat area by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance. Diabetes Care 33:1077–1079PubMedCrossRef

Title: Association between menopausal symptoms and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women
Authors: Suk Woo Lee
Hyun Hee Jo
Mee Ran Kim
Dong Jin Kwon
Young Oak You
Jang Heup Kim
Publication date: 01-02-2012
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics / Issue 2/2012
Print ISSN: 0932-0067
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0711
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-011-2016-5

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Association between menopausal symptoms and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 2/2012

Peripartum use of cell salvage: a university practice audit and literature review

Risk factors for intrapartum fetal death and trends over the years

Fertility sparing surgery for ovarian tumors in children and young adults

Serum PLGF as a potential biomarker for predicting the onset of preeclampsia

Ovarian interstitial blood flow changes assessed by transvaginal colour Doppler sonography: predicting ovarian endometrioid cyst-induced injury to ovarian interstitial vessels

Inhibitory effect of Epigallocatechin gallate on ovarian cancer cell proliferation associated with aquaporin 5 expression