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Acta Neuropathologica
Published in: Acta Neuropathologica 1/2009

01-07-2009 | Review

Variations in the neuropathology of familial Alzheimer’s disease

Authors: Claire Shepherd, Heather McCann, Glenda Margaret Halliday

Published in: Acta Neuropathologica | Issue 1/2009

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Abstract

Mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) genes cause autosomal dominant familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD). PSEN1 and PSEN2 are essential components of the γ-secretase complex, which cleaves APP to affect Aβ processing. Disruptions in Aβ processing have been hypothesised to be the major cause of AD (the amyloid cascade hypothesis). These genetic cases exhibit all the classic hallmark pathologies of AD including neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), tissue atrophy, neuronal loss and inflammation, often in significantly enhanced quantities. In particular, these cases have average greater hippocampal atrophy and NFT, more significant cortical Aβ42 plaque deposition and more substantial inflammation. Enhanced cerebral Aβ40 angiopathy is a feature of many cases, but particularly those with APP mutations where it can be the dominant pathology. Additional frontotemporal neuronal loss in association with increased tau pathology appears unique to PSEN mutations, with mutations in exons 8 and 9 having enlarged cotton wool plaques throughout their cortex. The mechanisms driving these pathological differences in AD are discussed.
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Metadata
Title
Variations in the neuropathology of familial Alzheimer’s disease
Authors
Claire Shepherd
Heather McCann
Glenda Margaret Halliday
Publication date
01-07-2009
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Acta Neuropathologica / Issue 1/2009
Print ISSN: 0001-6322
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0533
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-009-0521-4

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