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Pediatric Surgery International
Published in: Pediatric Surgery International 6/2015

01-06-2015 | Review Article

Pathogenesis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis

Authors: Joanna C. Lim, Jamie M. Golden, Henri R. Ford

Published in: Pediatric Surgery International | Issue 6/2015

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Abstract

Although necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most lethal gastrointestinal disease in the neonatal population, its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Risk factors include prematurity, bacterial colonization, and formula feeding. This review examines how mucosal injury permits opportunistic pathogens to breach the gut barrier and incite an inflammatory response that leads to sustained overproduction of mediators such as nitric oxide and its potent adduct, peroxynitrite. These mediators not only exacerbate the initial mucosal injury, but they also suppress the intestinal repair mechanisms, which further compromises the gut barrier and culminates in bacterial translocation, sepsis, and full-blown NEC.
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Metadata
Title
Pathogenesis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors
Joanna C. Lim
Jamie M. Golden
Henri R. Ford
Publication date
01-06-2015
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Pediatric Surgery International / Issue 6/2015
Print ISSN: 0179-0358
Electronic ISSN: 1437-9813
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-015-3697-9

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