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European Radiology
Published in: European Radiology 4/2021

Open Access 01-04-2021 | Air Embolism | Chest

Incidence, risk factors, and prognostic indicators of symptomatic air embolism after percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy: a systematic review and pooled analysis

Authors: Jong Hyuk Lee, Soon Ho Yoon, Hyunsook Hong, Ji Young Rho, Jin Mo Goo

Published in: European Radiology | Issue 4/2021

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Abstract

Objectives

To determine the incidence, risk factors, and prognostic indicators of symptomatic air embolism after percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy (PTLB) by conducting a systematic review and pooled analysis.

Methods

We searched the EMBASE and OVID-MEDLINE databases to identify studies that dealt with air embolism after PTLB and had extractable outcomes. The incidence of air embolism was pooled using a random effects model, and the causes of heterogeneity were investigated. To analyze risk factors for symptomatic embolism and unfavorable outcomes, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results

The pooled incidence of symptomatic air embolism after PTLB was 0.08% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.048–0.128%; I2 = 45%). In the subgroup analysis and meta-regression, guidance modality and study size were found to explain the heterogeneity. Of the patients with symptomatic air embolism, 32.7% had unfavorable outcomes. The presence of an underlying disease (odds ratio [OR], 5.939; 95% CI, 1.029–34.279; p = 0.046), the use of a ≥ 19-gauge needle (OR, 10.046; 95% CI, 1.103–91.469; p = 0.041), and coronary or intracranial air embolism (OR, 19.871; 95% CI, 2.725–14.925; p = 0.003) were independent risk factors for symptomatic embolism. Unfavorable outcomes were independently associated with the use of aspiration biopsy rather than core biopsy (OR, 3.302; 95% CI, 1.149–9.492; p = 0.027) and location of the air embolism in the coronary arteries or intracranial spaces (OR = 5.173; 95% CI = 1.309–20.447; p = 0.019).

Conclusion

The pooled incidence of symptomatic air embolism after PTLB was 0.08%, and one-third of cases had sequelae or died. Identifying whether coronary or intracranial emboli exist is crucial in suspected cases of air embolism after PTLB.

Key Points

• The pooled incidence of symptomatic air embolism after percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy was 0.08%, and one-third of patients with symptomatic air embolism had sequelae or died.
• The risk factors for symptomatic air embolism were the presence of an underlying disease, the use of a ≥ 19-gauge needle, and coronary or intracranial air embolism.
• Sequelae and death in patients with symptomatic air embolism were associated with the use of aspiration biopsy and coronary or intracranial locations of the air embolism.
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Metadata
Title
Incidence, risk factors, and prognostic indicators of symptomatic air embolism after percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy: a systematic review and pooled analysis
Authors
Jong Hyuk Lee
Soon Ho Yoon
Hyunsook Hong
Ji Young Rho
Jin Mo Goo
Publication date
01-04-2021
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Radiology / Issue 4/2021
Print ISSN: 0938-7994
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1084
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-07372-w

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