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Seminars in Immunopathology
Published in: Seminars in Immunopathology 2/2019

01-03-2019 | Review

Sex-related factors in autoimmune liver diseases

Authors: Dorothee Schwinge, Christoph Schramm

Published in: Seminars in Immunopathology | Issue 2/2019

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Abstract

Autoimmune diseases are a broad range of diseases in which the immune system produces an inappropriate response to self-antigens. This results in inflammation, damage, or dysfunction of tissues and/or organs. Many autoimmune diseases are more common in women and differences between female and male immune and autoimmune responses have been well documented. In general, most of the autoimmune diseases seem to affect more females, although there are exceptions. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are considered to be autoimmune liver diseases (AILD). They all are rare diseases and they result in significant morbidity and mortality. The female predominance in PBC and AIH are among the strongest among autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms responsible for the sex differences in autoimmune liver diseases are largely unknown. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on the influence of sex-dependent mechanisms, which may contribute to differences in presentation, clinical characteristics, disease course, and complications observed between female and male patients with autoimmune liver disease.
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Metadata
Title
Sex-related factors in autoimmune liver diseases
Authors
Dorothee Schwinge
Christoph Schramm
Publication date
01-03-2019
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Seminars in Immunopathology / Issue 2/2019
Print ISSN: 1863-2297
Electronic ISSN: 1863-2300
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-018-0715-8

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