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Open Access 01-07-2016 | Original Article

Everolimus pharmacokinetics and its exposure–toxicity relationship in patients with thyroid cancer

Authors: D. de Wit, T. C. Schneider, D. J. A. R. Moes, C. F. M. Roozen, J. den Hartigh, H. Gelderblom, H. J. Guchelaar, J. J. van der Hoeven, T. P. Links, E. Kapiteijn, N. P. van Erp

Published in: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology | Issue 1/2016

Abstract

Background

Everolimus is a mTOR inhibitor used for the treatment of different solid malignancies. Many patients treated with the registered fixed 10 mg dose once daily are in need of dose interruptions, reductions or treatment discontinuation due to severe adverse events. This study determined the correlation between systemic everolimus exposure and toxicity. Additionally, the effect of different covariates on everolimus pharmacokinetics (PK) was explored.

Methods

Forty-two patients with advanced thyroid carcinoma were treated with 10 mg everolimus once daily. Serial pharmacokinetic sampling was performed on days 1 and 15. Subsequently, a population PK model was developed using NONMEM to estimate individual PK values used for analysis of an exposure–toxicity relationship. Furthermore, this model was used to investigate the influence of patient characteristics and genetic polymorphisms in genes coding for enzymes relevant in everolimus PK.

Results

Patients who required a dose reduction (n = 18) due to toxicity at any time during treatment had significant higher everolimus exposures [mean AUC_0–24 (SD) 600 (274) vs. 395 (129) µg h/L, P = 0.008] than patients without a dose reduction (n = 22). A significant association between everolimus exposure and stomatitis was found in the four-level ordered logistic regression analysis (P = 0.047). The presence of at least one TTT haplotype in the ABCB1 gene was associated with a 21 % decrease in everolimus exposure.

Conclusion

The current study showed that dose reductions and everolimus-induced stomatitis were strongly associated with systemic everolimus drug exposure in patients with cancer. Our findings confirm observations from another study in patients with cancer and show us that everolimus is a good candidate for individualized dosing in patients with cancer.

ClinicalTrial.gov number

NCT01118065.

Available only for authorised users

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Title: Everolimus pharmacokinetics and its exposure–toxicity relationship in patients with thyroid cancer
Authors: D. de Wit
T. C. Schneider
D. J. A. R. Moes
C. F. M. Roozen
J. den Hartigh
H. Gelderblom
H. J. Guchelaar
J. J. van der Hoeven
T. P. Links
E. Kapiteijn
N. P. van Erp
Publication date: 01-07-2016
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology / Issue 1/2016
Print ISSN: 0344-5704
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-016-3050-6

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

ClinicalTrial.gov number

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