Published in:
01-04-2013 | Original Article
A phase 2 study of KX2-391, an oral inhibitor of Src kinase and tubulin polymerization, in men with bone-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Published in: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology | Issue 4/2013
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Purpose
KX2-391 is an oral non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of Src kinase and tubulin polymerization. In phase 1 trials, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) declines were seen in patients with advanced prostate cancer. We conducted a single-arm phase 2 study evaluating KX2-391 in men with chemotherapy-naïve bone-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
Methods
We treated 31 patients with oral KX2-391 (40 mg twice-daily) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was 24-week progression-free survival (PFS); a 50 % success rate was pre-defined as clinically significant. Secondary endpoints included PSA progression-free survival (PPFS) and PSA response rates. Exploratory outcomes included pharmacokinetic studies, circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration, and analysis of markers of bone resorption [urinary N-telopeptide (uNTx); C-telopeptide (CTx)] and formation [bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP); osteocalcin].
Results
The trial closed early after accrual of 31 patients, due to a pre-specified futility rule. PFS at 24 weeks was 8 %, and median PFS was 18.6 weeks. The PSA response rate (≥30 % decline) was 10 %, and median PPFS was 5.0 weeks. Additionally, 18 % of men with unfavorable (≥5) CTCs at baseline converted to favorable (<5) CTCs with treatment. The proportion of men with declines in bone turnover markers was 32 % for uNTx, 21 % for CTx, 10 % for BAP, and 25 % for osteocalcin. In pharmacokinetic studies, median C
max was 61 (range 16–129) ng/mL, and median AUC was 156 (35–348) ng h/mL. Common toxicities included hepatic derangements, myelosuppression, fatigue, nausea, and constipation.
Conclusion
KX2-391 dosed at 40 mg twice-daily lacks antitumor activity in men with CRPC, but has modest effects on bone turnover markers. Because a C
max of ≥142 ng/mL is required for tubulin polymerization inhibition (defined from preclinical studies), higher once-daily dosing will be used in future trials.