Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
World Journal of Surgery
Published in: World Journal of Surgery 4/2022

01-04-2022 | Bariatric Surgery | Scientific Review

Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Bariatric Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations: A 2021 Update

Authors: Erik Stenberg, Luiz Fernando dos Reis Falcão, Mary O’Kane, Ronald Liem, Dimitri J. Pournaras, Paulina Salminen, Richard D. Urman, Anupama Wadhwa, Ulf O. Gustafsson, Anders Thorell

Published in: World Journal of Surgery | Issue 4/2022

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

This is the second updated Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society guideline, presenting a consensus for optimal perioperative care in bariatric surgery and providing recommendations for each ERAS item within the ERAS® protocol.

Methods

A principal literature search was performed utilizing the Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane databases and ClinicalTrials.gov through December 2020, with particular attention paid to meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials and large prospective cohort studies. Selected studies were examined, reviewed and graded according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. After critical appraisal of these studies, the group of authors reached consensus regarding recommendations.

Results

The quality of evidence for many ERAS interventions remains relatively low in a bariatric setting and evidence-based practices may need to be extrapolated from other surgeries.

Conclusion

A comprehensive, updated evidence-based consensus was reached and is presented in this review by the ERAS® Society.
Literature
1.
Sundbom M, Hedberg J, Marsk R et al (2017) Substantial decrease in comorbidity 5 years after gastric bypass: a population-based study from the scandinavian obesity surgery registry. Ann Surg 265(6):1166–1171PubMed
2.
Schauer DP, Arterburn DE, Livingston EH et al (2015) Impact of bariatric surgery on life expectancy in severely obese patients with diabetes: a decision analysis. Ann Surg 261(5):914–919PubMed
3.
Angrisani L, Santonicola A, Iovino P, Ramos A, Shikora S, Bariatric KL, Survey S (2018) Similarities and disparities among the 5 IFSO chapters. Obes Surg 2021:1–12
4.
Khoo CK, Vickery CJ, Forsyth N, Vinall NS, Eyre-Brook IA (2007) A prospective randomized controlled trial of multimodal perioperative management protocol in patients undergoing elective colorectal resection for cancer. Ann Surg 245(6):867–872PubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Parisi A, Desiderio J, Cirocchi R, Trastulli S (2020) Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS): a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in bariatric surgery. Obes Surg 30(12):5071–5085PubMed
6.
Geubbels N, Evren I, Acherman YIZ et al (2019) Randomized clinical trial of an enhanced recovery after surgery programme versus conventional care in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. BJS Open 3(3):274–281PubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Thorell A, MacCormick AD, Awad S et al (2016) Guidelines for perioperative care in bariatric surgery: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) society recommendations. World J Surg 40(9):2065–2083PubMed
8.
Brindle M, Nelson G, Lobo DN, Ljungqvist O, Gustafsson UO (2020) Recommendations from the ERAS® Society for standards for the development of enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines. BJS Open 4(1):157–163PubMed
9.
10.
11.
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Vist GE, Falck-Ytter Y, Schünemann HJ (2008) What is “quality of evidence” and why is it important to clinicians? BMJ 336(7651):995–998PubMedPubMedCentral
12.
Mechanick JI, Youdim A, Jones DB et al (2013) Clinical practice guidelines for the perioperative nutritional, metabolic, and nonsurgical support of the bariatric surgery patient–2013 update: cosponsored by american association of clinical endocrinologists, the obesity society, and american society for metabolic & bariatric surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring) 21(Suppl 1):S1-27
13.
Hathaway D (1986) Effect of preoperative instruction on postoperative outcomes: a meta-analysis. Nurs Res 35(5):269–275PubMed
14.
Devine EC, Cook TD (1983) A meta-analytic analysis of effects of psychoeducational interventions on length of postsurgical hospital stay. Nurs Res 32(5):267–274PubMed
15.
Egbert LD, Battit GE, Welch CE, Bartlett MK (1964) Reduction of postoperative pain by encouragement and instruction of patients. a study of doctor-patient rapport. N Engl J Med 270:825–827PubMed
16.
Porras-González MH, Barón-López FJ, García-Luque MJ, Morales-Gil IM (2015) Effectiveness of the nursing methodology in pain management after major ambulatory surgery. Pain Manag Nurs 16(4):520–525PubMed
17.
Waller A, Forshaw K, Bryant J, Carey M, Boyes A, Sanson-Fisher R (2015) Preparatory education for cancer patients undergoing surgery: a systematic review of volume and quality of research output over time. Patient Educ Couns S0738–3991(15):00229–00233
18.
Koet LL, Kraima A, Derksen I et al (2021) Effectiveness of preoperative group education for patients with colorectal cancer: managing expectations. Support Care Cancer 29(9):5263–5271PubMed
19.
Burgess LC, Arundel J, Wainwright TW (2019) The effect of preoperative education on psychological, clinical and economic outcomes in elective spinal surgery: a systematic review. Healthcare Basel 7(1):48PubMedCentral
20.
Klaiber U, Stephan-Paulsen LM, Bruckner T et al (2018) Impact of preoperative patient education on the prevention of postoperative complications after major visceral surgery: the cluster randomized controlled PEDUCAT trial. Trials 19(1):288PubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Mechanick JI, Apovian C, Brethauer S et al (2019) Clinical practice guidelines for the perioperative nutrition, metabolic, and nonsurgical support of patients undergoing bariatric procedures - 2019 update: cosponsored by american association of clinical endocrinologists/american college of endocrinology, the obesity society, american society for metabolic & bariatric surgery, obesity medicine association, and american society of anesthesiologists - executive summary. Endocr Pract 25(12):1346–1359PubMed
22.
NIH conference (1991) Gastrointestinal surgery for severe obesity. Consensus Development Conference Panel. Ann Intern Med, 115(12):956–961
23.
24.
Rubino F, Nathan DM, Eckel RH et al (2016) Metabolic Surgery in the Treatment Algorithm for Type 2 Diabetes: A Joint Statement by International Diabetes Organizations. Diabetes Care 39(6):861–877PubMed
25.
Moller AM, Villebro N, Pedersen T, Tonnesen H (2002) Effect of preoperative smoking intervention on postoperative complications: a randomised clinical trial. Lancet 359(9301):114–117PubMed
26.
Haskins IN, Amdur R, Vaziri K (2014) The effect of smoking on bariatric surgical outcomes. Surg Endosc 28(11):3074–3080PubMed
27.
Inadomi M, Iyengar R, Fischer I, Chen X, Flagler E, Ghaferi AA (2018) Effect of patient-reported smoking status on short-term bariatric surgery outcomes. Surg Endosc 32(2):720–726PubMed
28.
Chow A, Neville A, Kolozsvari N (2021) Smoking in bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Surg Endosc 35(6):3047–3066PubMed
29.
30.
Webb AR, Coward L, Soh L et al (2020) Smoking cessation in elective surgical patients offered free nicotine patches at listing: a pilot study. Anaesthesia 75(2):171–178PubMed
31.
Nath B, Li Y, Carroll JE, Szabo G, Tseng JF, Shah SA (2010) Alcohol exposure as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in elective surgery. J Gastrointest Surg 14(11):1732–1741PubMed
32.
Egholm JW, Pedersen B, Møller AM, Adami J, Juhl CB, Tønnesen H (2018) Perioperative alcohol cessation intervention for postoperative complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11(11):Cd008343PubMed
33.
Kanji S, Wong E, Akioyamen L, Melamed O, Taylor VH (2019) Exploring pre-surgery and post-surgery substance use disorder and alcohol use disorder in bariatric surgery: a qualitative scoping review. Int J Obes (Lond) 43(9):1659–1674
34.
Gils Contreras A, Bonada Sanjaume A, Montero Jaime M et al (2018) Effects of two preoperatory weight loss diets on hepatic volume, metabolic parameters, and surgical complications in morbid obese bariatric surgery candidates: a randomized clinical trial. Obes Surg 28(12):3756–3768PubMed
35.
Bakker N, van den Helder RS, Geenen RWF et al (2019) Four weeks of preoperative omega-3 fatty acids reduce liver volume: a randomised controlled trial. Obes Surg 29(7):2037–2044PubMed
36.
Pournaras DJ, Nygren J, Hagstrom-Toft E, Arner P, le Roux CW, Thorell A (2016) Improved glucose metabolism after gastric bypass: evolution of the paradigm. Surg Obes Relat Dis 12(8):1457–1465PubMed
37.
Cassie S, Menezes C, Birch DW, Shi X, Karmali S (2011) Effect of preoperative weight loss in bariatric surgical patients: a systematic review. Surg Obes Relat Dis 7(6):760–767PubMed
38.
Van Nieuwenhove Y, Dambrauskas Z, Campillo-Soto A et al (2011) Preoperative very low-calorie diet and operative outcome after laparoscopic gastric bypass: a randomized multicenter study. Arch Surg 146(11):1300–1305PubMed
39.
Giordano S, Victorzon M (2014) The impact of preoperative weight loss before laparoscopic gastric bypass. Obes Surg 24(5):669–674PubMed
40.
Anderin C, Gustafsson UO, Heijbel N, Thorell A (2015) Weight loss before bariatric surgery and postoperative complications: data from the Scandinavian Obesity Registry (SOReg). Ann Surg 261(5):909–913PubMed
41.
Stefura T, Droś J, Kacprzyk A et al (2019) Influence of preoperative weight loss on outcomes of bariatric surgery for patients under the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol. Obes Surg 29(4):1134–1141PubMed
42.
Holderbaum M, Casagrande DS, Sussenbach S, Buss C (2018) Effects of very low calorie diets on liver size and weight loss in the preoperative period of bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Surg Obes Relat Dis 14(2):237–244PubMed
43.
Roman M, Monaghan A, Serraino GF et al (2019) Meta-analysis of the influence of lifestyle changes for preoperative weight loss on surgical outcomes. Br J Surg 106(3):181–189PubMed
44.
Gerber P, Anderin C, Gustafsson UO, Thorell A (2016) Weight loss before gastric bypass and postoperative weight change: data from the Scandinavian Obesity Registry (SOReg). Surg Obes Relat Dis 12(3):556–562PubMed
45.
Ross LJ, Wallin S, Osland EJ, Memon MA (2016) Commercial very low energy meal replacements for preoperative weight loss in obese patients: a systematic review. Obes Surg 26(6):1343–1351PubMed
46.
Hughes MJ, Hackney RJ, Lamb PJ, Wigmore SJ, Christopher Deans DA, Skipworth RJE (2019) Prehabilitation before major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg 43(7):1661–1668PubMed
47.
Valkenet K, van de Port IG, Dronkers JJ, de Vries WR, Lindeman E, Backx FJ (2011) The effects of preoperative exercise therapy on postoperative outcome: a systematic review. Clin Rehabil 25(2):99–111PubMed
48.
Marc-Hernández A, Ruiz-Tovar J, Aracil A, Guillén S, Moya-Ramón M (2019) Impact of exercise on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients awaiting bariatric surgery. Obes Surg 29(12):3891–3900PubMed
49.
Baillot A, Mampuya WM, Dionne IJ, Comeau E, Méziat-Burdin A, Langlois MF (2016) Impacts of supervised exercise training in addition to interdisciplinary lifestyle management in subjects awaiting bariatric surgery: a randomized controlled study. Obes Surg 26(11):2602–2610PubMed
50.
Lloréns J, Rovira L, Ballester M et al (2015) Preoperative inspiratory muscular training to prevent postoperative hypoxemia in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. A randomized clinical trial Obes Surg 25(6):1003–1009PubMed
51.
McSorley ST, Roxburgh CSD, Horgan PG, McMillan DC (2017) The impact of preoperative dexamethasone on the magnitude of the postoperative systemic inflammatory response and complications following surgery for colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 24(8):2104–2112PubMedPubMedCentral
52.
McSorley ST, Horgan PG, McMillan DC (2016) The impact of preoperative corticosteroids on the systemic inflammatory response and postoperative complications following surgery for gastrointestinal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 101:139–150PubMed
53.
Zhang T, Xu Y, Yao Y, et al. (2021) Randomized Controlled Trial: Perioperative Dexamethasone Reduces Excessive Postoperative Inflammatory Response and Ileus After Surgery for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. Online ahead of print.
54.
Lex JR, Edwards TC, Packer TW, Jones GG, Ravi B (2021) Perioperative systemic dexamethasone reduces length of stay in total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Arthroplasty 36(3):1168–1186PubMed
55.
Polderman JA, Farhang-Razi V, Van Dieren S et al (2018) Adverse side effects of dexamethasone in surgical patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8(8):Cd011940PubMed
56.
Srinivasa S, Kahokehr AA, Yu TC, Hill AG (2011) Preoperative glucocorticoid use in major abdominal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Ann Surg 254(2):183–191PubMed
57.
Waldron NH, Jones CA, Gan TJ, Allen TK, Habib AS (2013) Impact of perioperative dexamethasone on postoperative analgesia and side-effects: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth 110(2):191–200PubMed
58.
Singh PP, Srinivasa S, Lemanu DP, Maccormick AD, Hill AG (2012) Statins in abdominal surgery: a systematic review. J Am Coll Surg 214(3):356–366PubMed
59.
Komatsu R, Yilmaz HO, Makarova N et al (2020) Association between preoperative statin use and respiratory complications after noncardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort analysis. Anesth Analg 133(1):123–132
60.
London MJ, Schwartz GG, Hur K, Henderson WG (2017) Association of perioperative statin use with mortality and morbidity after major noncardiac surgery. JAMA Intern Med 177(2):231–242PubMed
61.
Pourlotfi A, Ahl R, Sjolin G et al (2021) Statin therapy and postoperative short-term mortality after rectal cancer surgery. Colorectal Dis 23(4):875–881PubMed
62.
Im C, Oh TK, Song IA, Jeon YT (2019) Preoperative Statin Use and 90-Day Mortality after Noncardiac Surgery: A Hospital Registry Study. Ann Surg. 2019. Online ahead of print
63.
Ma BX, Li H, Li JS, Wu SS (2015) Effect of statins on preventing infectious complications after surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int Med Res 43(5):610–618PubMed
64.
Berwanger O, Le Manach Y, Suzumura EA et al (2016) Association between pre-operative statin use and major cardiovascular complications among patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: the VISION study. Eur Heart J 37(2):177–185PubMed
65.
Singh PP, Lemanu DP, Soop M, Bissett IP, Harrison J, Hill AG (2016) Perioperative simvastatin therapy in major colorectal surgery: a prospective, double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Surg 223(2):308-320.e301PubMed
66.
Berwanger O, de Barros ESPG, Barbosa RR et al (2017) Atorvastatin for high-risk statin-naïve patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: the Lowering the Risk of Operative Complications Using Atorvastatin Loading Dose (LOAD) randomized trial. Am Heart J 184:88–96PubMed
67.
Li H, Lin YL, Diao SL, Ma BX, Liu XL (2016) Does short preoperative statin therapy prevent infectious complications in adults undergoing cardiac or non-cardiac surgery? A meta-analysis of 5 randomized placebo-controlled trials. Saudi Med J 37(5):492–497PubMedPubMedCentral
68.
Blessberger H, Lewis SR, Pritchard MW et al (2019) Perioperative beta-blockers for preventing surgery-related mortality and morbidity in adults undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9(9):Cd013438PubMed
69.
Devereaux PJ, Yang H, Yusuf S et al (2008) Effects of extended-release metoprolol succinate in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery (POISE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 371(9627):1839–1847PubMed
70.
Ahl R, Matthiessen P, Fang X et al (2020) Beta-blockade in rectal cancer surgery: a simple measure of improving outcomes. Ann Surg 271(1):140–146PubMed
71.
Ahl R, Matthiessen P, Fang X et al (2019) Effect of beta-blocker therapy on early mortality after emergency colonic cancer surgery. Br J Surg 106(4):477–483PubMed
72.
Stenberg E, Mohseni S, Cao Y, Naslund E (2020) Limited effect of beta-blockade on postoperative outcome after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. Obes Surg 30(1):139–145PubMed
73.
Jørgensen ME, Andersson C, Venkatesan S, Sanders RD (2018) Beta-blockers in noncardiac surgery: did observational studies put us back on safe ground? Br J Anaesth 121(1):16–25PubMed
74.
Harter RL, Kelly WB, Kramer MG, Perez CE, Dzwonczyk RR (1998) A comparison of the volume and pH of gastric contents of obese and lean surgical patients. Anesth Analg 86(1):147–152PubMed
75.
Juvin P, Fevre G, Merouche M, Vallot T, Desmonts JM (2001) Gastric residue is not more copious in obese patients. Anesth Analg 93(6):1621–1622PubMed
76.
Cardoso-Junior A, Coelho LG, Savassi-Rocha PR et al (2007) Gastric emptying of solids and semi-solids in morbidly obese and non-obese subjects: an assessment using the 13C-octanoic acid and 13C-acetic acid breath tests. Obes Surg 17(2):236–241PubMed
77.
Buchholz V, Berkenstadt H, Goitein D, Dickman R, Bernstine H, Rubin M (2013) Gastric emptying is not prolonged in obese patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis 9(5):714–717PubMed
78.
Seimon RV, Brennan IM, Russo A et al (2013) Gastric emptying, mouth-to-cecum transit, and glycemic, insulin, incretin, and energy intake responses to a mixed-nutrient liquid in lean, overweight, and obese males. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 304(3):E294-300PubMed
79.
Maltby JR, Pytka S, Watson NC, Cowan RA, Fick GH (2004) Drinking 300 mL of clear fluid two hours before surgery has no effect on gastric fluid volume and pH in fasting and non-fasting obese patients. Can J Anaesth 51(2):111–115PubMed
80.
Maltby JR (2006) Fasting from midnight–the history behind the dogma. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 20(3):363–378PubMed
81.
Ishihara H, Singh H, Giesecke AH (1994) Relationship between diabetic autonomic neuropathy and gastric contents. Anesth Analg 78(5):943–947PubMed
82.
Bertin E, Schneider N, Abdelli N et al (2001) Gastric emptying is accelerated in obese type 2 diabetic patients without autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Metab 27(3):357–364PubMed
83.
Ljungqvist O, Jonathan E (2012) Rhoads lecture 2011: Insulin resistance and enhanced recovery after surgery. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 36(4):389–398PubMed
84.
Awad S, Varadhan KK, Ljungqvist O, Lobo DN (2013) A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment in elective surgery. Clin Nutr 32(1):34–44PubMed
85.
86.
Pimenta GP, Capellan DA, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE (2015) Sleeve gastrectomy with or without a multimodal perioperative care. A Randomized Pilot Study Obes Surg 25(9):1639–1646PubMed
87.
Gustafsson UO, Nygren J, Thorell A et al (2008) Pre-operative carbohydrate loading may be used in type 2 diabetes patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 52(7):946–951PubMed
88.
Azagury DE, Ris F, Pichard C, Volonte F, Karsegard L, Huber O (2015) Does perioperative nutrition and oral carbohydrate load sustainably preserve muscle mass after bariatric surgery? A randomized control trial. Surg Obes Relat Dis 11(4):920–926PubMed
89.
Albalawi Z, Laffin M, Gramlich L, Senior P, McAlister FA (2017) Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS(®)) in Individuals with diabetes: a systematic review. World J Surg 41(8):1927–1934PubMed
90.
Jones KL, Horowitz M, Wishart MJ, Maddox AF, Harding PE, Chatterton BE (1995) Relationships between gastric emptying, intragastric meal distribution and blood glucose concentrations in diabetes mellitus. J Nucl Med 36(12):2220–2228PubMed
91.
Lemanu DP, Singh PP, Berridge K et al (2013) Randomized clinical trial of enhanced recovery versus standard care after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Br J Surg 100(4):482–489PubMed
92.
Ronellenfitsch U, Schwarzbach M, Kring A, Kienle P, Post S, Hasenberg T (2012) The effect of clinical pathways for bariatric surgery on perioperative quality of care. Obes Surg 22(5):732–739PubMed
93.
Karlsson A, Wendel K, Polits S, Gislason H, Hedenbro JL (2016) Preoperative nutrition and postoperative discomfort in an ERAS setting: a randomized study in gastric bypass surgery. Obes Surg 26(4):743–748PubMed
94.
Halliday TA, Sundqvist J, Hultin M, Walldén J (2017) Post-operative nausea and vomiting in bariatric surgery patients: an observational study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 61(5):471–479PubMed
95.
Groene P, Eisenlohr J, Zeuzem C, Dudok S, Karcz K, Hofmann-Kiefer K (2019) Postoperative nausea and vomiting in bariatric surgery in comparison to non-bariatric gastric surgery. Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 14(1):90–95PubMed
96.
Kushner BS, Freeman D, Sparkman J, Salles A, Eagon JC, Eckhouse SR (2020) Assessment of postoperative nausea and vomiting after bariatric surgery using a validated questionnaire. Surg Obes Relat Dis 16(10):1505–1513PubMed
97.
Gan TJ, Belani KG, Bergese S et al (2020) Fourth consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 131(2):411–448PubMed
98.
Ziemann-Gimmel P, Goldfarb AA, Koppman J, Marema RT (2014) Opioid-free total intravenous anaesthesia reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting in bariatric surgery beyond triple prophylaxis. Br J Anaesth 112(5):906–911PubMed
99.
Bamgbade OA, Oluwole O, Khaw RR (2018) Perioperative antiemetic therapy for fast-track laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Obes Surg 28(5):1296–1301PubMed
100.
Alpert MA (2001) Obesity cardiomyopathy: pathophysiology and evolution of the clinical syndrome. Am J Med Sci 321(4):225–236PubMed
101.
Mythen MG, Webb AR (1995) Perioperative plasma volume expansion reduces the incidence of gut mucosal hypoperfusion during cardiac surgery. Arch Surg 130(4):423–429PubMed
102.
Shoemaker WC, Montgomery ES, Kaplan E, Elwyn DH (1973) Physiologic patterns in surviving and nonsurviving shock patients Use of sequential cardiorespiratory variables in defining criteria for therapeutic goals and early warning of death. Arch Surg 106(5):630–636PubMed
103.
Shoemaker WC, Appel PL, Kram HB (1992) Role of oxygen debt in the development of organ failure sepsis, and death in high-risk surgical patients. Chest 102(1):208–215PubMed
104.
Myles PS, Bellomo R, Corcoran T et al (2018) Restrictive versus liberal fluid therapy for major abdominal surgery. N Engl J Med 378(24):2263–2274PubMed
105.
Chen F, Rasouli MR, Ellis AR et al (2020) Associations between perioperative crystalloid volume and adverse outcomes in five surgical populations. J Surg Res 251:26–32PubMed
106.
Major P, Wysocki M, Torbicz G et al (2018) Risk factors for prolonged length of hospital stay and readmissions after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Surg 28(2):323–332PubMed
107.
Reiterer C, Kabon B, Zotti O, Obradovic M, Kurz A, Fleischmann E (2019) Effect of goal-directed crystalloid- versus colloid-based fluid strategy on tissue oxygen tension: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Anaesth 123(6):768–776PubMed
108.
Muhlbacher J, Luf F, Zotti O, Herkner H, Fleischmann E, Kabon B (2021) Effect of intraoperative goal-directed fluid management on tissue oxygen tension in obese patients: a randomized controlled trial. Obes Surg 31(3):1129–1138PubMed
109.
Munoz JL, Gabaldon T, Miranda E et al (2016) Goal-directed fluid therapy on laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in morbidly obese patients. Obes Surg 26(11):2648–2653PubMed
110.
Myburgh JA, Mythen MG (2013) Resuscitation fluids. N Engl J Med 369(13):1243–1251
111.
Jacob M, Chappell D, Rehm M (2007) Clinical update: perioperative fluid management. Lancet 369(9578):1984–1986PubMed
112.
Hahn RG (2010) Volume kinetics for infusion fluids. Anesthesiology 113(2):470–481PubMed
113.
Kimberger O, Arnberger M, Brandt S et al (2009) Goal-directed colloid administration improves the microcirculation of healthy and perianastomotic colon. Anesthesiology 110(3):496–504PubMed
114.
Rehm M, Zahler S, Lotsch M et al (2004) Endothelial glycocalyx as an additional barrier determining extravasation of 6% hydroxyethyl starch or 5% albumin solutions in the coronary vascular bed. Anesthesiology 100(5):1211–1223PubMed
115.
Obradovic M, Kurz A, Kabon B et al (2020) The effect of intraoperative goal-directed crystalloid versus colloid administration on perioperative inflammatory markers - a substudy of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol 20(1):210PubMedPubMedCentral
116.
Kabon B, Sessler DI, Kurz A (2019) Crystalloid-colloid study t effect of intraoperative goal-directed balanced crystalloid versus colloid administration on major postoperative morbidity: a randomized trial. Anesthesiology 130(5):728–744PubMed
117.
Chowdhury AH, Cox EF, Francis ST, Lobo DN (2014) A randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover study on the effects of 1-L infusions of 6% hydroxyethyl starch suspended in 0.9% saline (voluven) and a balanced solution (Plasma Volume Redibag) on blood volume, renal blood flow velocity, and renal cortical tissue perfusion in healthy volunteers. Ann Surg 259(5):881–887PubMed
118.
Weinberg L, Li M, Churilov L et al (2018) Associations of fluid amount, type, and balance and acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care 46(1):79–87PubMed
119.
Pfortmueller CA, Funk GC, Reiterer C et al (2018) Normal saline versus a balanced crystalloid for goal-directed perioperative fluid therapy in major abdominal surgery: a double-blind randomised controlled study. Br J Anaesth 120(2):274–283PubMed
120.
Ingrande J, Brodsky JB, Lemmens HJ (2011) Lean body weight scalar for the anesthetic induction dose of propofol in morbidly obese subjects. Anesth Analg 113(1):57–62PubMed
121.
Servin F, Farinotti R, Haberer JP, Desmonts JM (1993) Propofol infusion for maintenance of anesthesia in morbidly obese patients receiving nitrous oxide. A clinical and pharmacokinetic study Anesthesiology 78(4):657–665PubMed
122.
Cortínez LI, De la Fuente N, Eleveld DJ et al (2014) Performance of propofol target-controlled infusion models in the obese: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis. Anesth Analg 119(2):302–310PubMed
123.
Lehavi A, Sandler O, Mahajna A, Weissman A, Katz YS (2015) Comparison of rhabdomyolysis markers in patients undergoing bariatric surgery with propofol and inhalation-based anesthesia. Obes Surg 25(10):1923–1927PubMed
124.
Singh PM, Borle A, McGavin J, Trikha A, Sinha A (2017) Comparison of the recovery profile between desflurane and sevoflurane in patients undergoing bariatric surgery-a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Surg 27(11):3031–3039PubMed
125.
Avidan MS, Jacobsohn E, Glick D et al (2011) Prevention of intraoperative awareness in a high-risk surgical population. N Engl J Med 365(7):591–600PubMed
126.
Mashour GA, Shanks A, Tremper KK et al (2012) Prevention of intraoperative awareness with explicit recall in an unselected surgical population: a randomized comparative effectiveness trial. Anesthesiology 117(4):717–725PubMed
127.
Oderda GM, Senagore AJ, Morland K et al (2019) Opioid-related respiratory and gastrointestinal adverse events in patients with acute postoperative pain: prevalence, predictors, and burden. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 33(3–4):82–97PubMed
128.
Brown EN, Pavone KJ, Naranjo M (2018) Multimodal general anesthesia: theory and practice. Anesth Analg 127(5):1246–1258PubMedPubMedCentral
129.
Falcão LFRFA, Silva BD (2018) Anestesia livre de opioides. In: Nunes RRBA, Duarte LTD (eds) PROANESTESIA Programa de Atualização em Anestesiologia, vol 3. Artmed Panamericana, Porto Alegre, pp 141–172
130.
Mulier J (2017) Opioid free general anesthesia: A paradigm shift? Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 64(8):427–430PubMed
131.
Mulier JPDB (2018) A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing a multitarget opioid free anaesthesia (OFA) and a 3-Liter volume calculated airseal carbon dioxide insufflator with a balanced anaesthesia using sufentanil-sevoflurane and a standard 15 MmHg carbon dioxide pressure pneumoperitoneum insufflator in a 2x2 factorial design. J Clin Anesth Pain Med 2(2):6
132.
Govindarajan R, Ghosh B, Sathyamoorthy MK et al (2005) Efficacy of ketorolac in lieu of narcotics in the operative management of laparoscopic surgery for morbid obesity. Surg Obes Relat Dis 1(6):530–535PubMed
133.
Beloeil H, Albaladejo P, Sion A et al (2019) Multicentre, prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial comparing different non-opioid analgesic combinations with morphine for postoperative analgesia: the OCTOPUS study. Br J Anaesth 122(6):e98–e106PubMed
134.
Foldi M, Soos A, Hegyi P et al (2021) Transversus abdominis plane block appears to be effective and safe as a part of multimodal analgesia in bariatric surgery: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Obes Surg 31(2):531–543PubMed
135.
Boerboom SL, de Haes A, Vd Wetering L et al (2018) Preperitoneal bupivacaine infiltration reduces postoperative opioid consumption, acute pain, and chronic postsurgical pain after bariatric surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Obes Surg 28(10):3102–3110PubMed
136.
Omar I, Abualsel A (2019) Efficacy of intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine after bariatric surgery: randomized controlled trial. Obes Surg 29(6):1735–1741PubMed
137.
Chin KJ, Malhas L, Perlas A (2017) The Erector spinae plane block provides visceral abdominal analgesia in bariatric surgery: a report of 3 Cases. Reg Anesth Pain Med 42(3):372–376PubMed
138.
Collins JS, Lemmens HJ, Brodsky JB (2006) Obesity and difficult intubation: where is the evidence?. Anesthesiology, 104(3):617; author reply 618–619
139.
Moon TS, Fox PE, Somasundaram A et al (2019) The influence of morbid obesity on difficult intubation and difficult mask ventilation. J Anesth 33(1):96–102PubMed
140.
Wong DT, Dallaire A, Singh KP et al (2019) High-flow nasal oxygen improves safe apnea time in morbidly obese patients undergoing general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg 129(4):1130–1136PubMed
141.
Fattahi T, Chafin C, Bunnell A (2017) Tracheostomy in the morbidly obese: difficulties and challenges. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 75(7):1372–1375PubMed
142.
Lewis SR, Butler AR, Parker J, Cook TM, Smith AF (2016) Videolaryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for adult patients requiring tracheal intubation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11(11):Cd011136PubMed
143.
Pieters BMA, Maas EHA, Knape JTA, van Zundert AAJ (2017) Videolaryngoscopy vs direct laryngoscopy use by experienced anaesthetists in patients with known difficult airways: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anaesthesia 72(12):1532–1541PubMed
144.
Downey AW, Duggan LV, Adam LJ (2021) A systematic review of meta-analyses comparing direct laryngoscopy with videolaryngoscopy. Can J Anaesth 68(5):706–714PubMedPubMedCentral
145.
Cordes SR, Best AR, Hiatt KK (2015) The impact of obesity on adult tracheostomy complication rate. Laryngoscope 125(1):105–110PubMed
146.
Nightingale CE, Margarson MP, Shearer E et al (2015) Peri-operative management of the obese surgical patient 2015: association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland Society for Obesity and Bariatric Anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 70(7):859–876PubMedPubMedCentral
147.
Writing Committee for the PCGotPVNftCTNotESoA, Bluth T, Serpa Neto A, Schultz MJ, Pelosi P, Gama de Abreu M 2019 Effect of Intraoperative High Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) With Recruitment Maneuvers vs Low PEEP on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Obese Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 321(23):2292–2305
148.
Young CC, Harris EM, Vacchiano C et al (2019) Lung-protective ventilation for the surgical patient: international expert panel-based consensus recommendations. Br J Anaesth 123(6):898–913PubMed
149.
Villar J, Kacmarek RM, Hedenstierna G (2004) From ventilator-induced lung injury to physician-induced lung injury: why the reluctance to use small tidal volumes? Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 48(3):267–271PubMed
150.
Rackley CR, MacIntyre NR (2019) Low tidal volumes for everyone? Chest 156(4):783–791PubMed
151.
Borges JB, Amato MBP, Hedenstierna G (2017) The increasing call for protective ventilation during anesthesia. JAMA Surg 152(9):893–894PubMed
152.
Neto AS, Hemmes SN, Barbas CS et al (2016) Association between driving pressure and development of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation for general anaesthesia: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Respir Med 4(4):272–280PubMed
153.
Futier E, Constantin JM, Paugam-Burtz C et al (2013) A trial of intraoperative low-tidal-volume ventilation in abdominal surgery. N Engl J Med 369(5):428–437PubMed
154.
Aldenkortt M, Lysakowski C, Elia N, Brochard L, Tramer MR (2012) Ventilation strategies in obese patients undergoing surgery: a quantitative systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth 109(4):493–502PubMed
155.
Pelosi P, Ravagnan I, Giurati G et al (1999) Positive end-expiratory pressure improves respiratory function in obese but not in normal subjects during anesthesia and paralysis. Anesthesiology 91(5):1221–1231PubMed
156.
Costa Souza GM, Santos GM, Zimpel SA, Melnik T (2020) Intraoperative ventilation strategies for obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiol 20(1):36PubMedPubMedCentral
157.
Ball L, Hemmes SNT, Serpa Neto A et al (2018) Intraoperative ventilation settings and their associations with postoperative pulmonary complications in obese patients. Br J Anaesth 121(4):899–908PubMed
158.
Pereira SM, Tucci MR, Morais CCA et al (2018) Individual Positive End-expiratory Pressure Settings Optimize Intraoperative Mechanical Ventilation and Reduce Postoperative Atelectasis. Anesthesiology 129(6):1070–1081PubMed
159.
Amato MB, Meade MO, Slutsky AS et al (2015) Driving pressure and survival in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 372(8):747–755PubMed
160.
Ladha K, Vidal Melo MF, McLean DJ et al (2015) Intraoperative protective mechanical ventilation and risk of postoperative respiratory complications: hospital based registry study. BMJ 351:h3646PubMedPubMedCentral
161.
162.
Cadi P, Guenoun T, Journois D, Chevallier JM, Diehl JL, Safran D (2008) Pressure-controlled ventilation improves oxygenation during laparoscopic obesity surgery compared with volume-controlled ventilation. Br J Anaesth 100(5):709–716PubMed
163.
Fernandez-Bustamante A, Hashimoto S, Serpa Neto A, Moine P, Vidal Melo MF, Repine JE (2015) Perioperative lung protective ventilation in obese patients. BMC Anesthesiol 15:56PubMedPubMedCentral
164.
Bagchi A, Rudolph MI, Ng PY et al (2017) The association of postoperative pulmonary complications in 109,360 patients with pressure-controlled or volume-controlled ventilation. Anaesthesia 72(11):1334–1343PubMedPubMedCentral
165.
Martini CH, Boon M, Bevers RF, Aarts LP, Dahan A (2014) Evaluation of surgical conditions during laparoscopic surgery in patients with moderate vs deep neuromuscular block. Br J Anaesth 112(3):498–505PubMed
166.
Staehr-Rye AK, Rasmussen LS, Rosenberg J et al (2014) Surgical space conditions during low-pressure laparoscopic cholecystectomy with deep versus moderate neuromuscular blockade: a randomized clinical study. Anesth Analg 119(5):1084–1092PubMed
167.
Barrio J, Errando CL, García-Ramón J, Sellés R, San Miguel G, Gallego J (2017) Influence of depth of neuromuscular blockade on surgical conditions during low-pressure pneumoperitoneum laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized blinded study. J Clin Anesth 42:26–30PubMed
168.
Kopman AF, Naguib M (2015) Laparoscopic surgery and muscle relaxants: is deep block helpful? Anesth Analg 120(1):51–58PubMed
169.
Özdemir-van Brunschot DMD, Braat AE, van der Jagt MFP et al (2018) Deep neuromuscular blockade improves surgical conditions during low-pressure pneumoperitoneum laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Surg Endosc 32(1):245–251PubMed
170.
Torensma B, Martini CH, Boon M et al (2016) Deep neuromuscular block improves surgical conditions during bariatric surgery and reduces postoperative pain: a randomized double blind controlled trial. PLoS ONE 11(12):e0167907PubMedPubMedCentral
171.
Fuchs-Buder T, Schmartz D, Baumann C et al (2019) Deep neuromuscular blockade improves surgical conditions during gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol 36(7):486–493PubMed
172.
Mulier JP, Dillemans B (2019) Anaesthetic factors affecting outcome after bariatric surgery, a retrospective levelled regression analysis. Obes Surg 29(6):1841–1850PubMed
173.
Batistaki C, Tentes P, Deligiannidi P, Karakosta A, Florou P, Kostopanagiotou G (2016) Residual neuromuscular blockade in a real life clinical setting: correlation with sugammadex or neostigmine administration. Minerva Anestesiol 82(5):550–558PubMed
174.
Fortier LP, McKeen D, Turner K et al (2015) The RECITE study: a canadian prospective, multicenter study of the incidence and severity of residual neuromuscular blockade. Anesth Analg 121(2):366–372PubMed
175.
Schreiber JU (2014) Management of neuromuscular blockade in ambulatory patients. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 27(6):583–588PubMed
176.
Reinius H, Jonsson L, Gustafsson S et al (2009) Prevention of atelectasis in morbidly obese patients during general anesthesia and paralysis: a computerized tomography study. Anesthesiology 111(5):979–987PubMed
177.
Murphy GS, Brull SJ (2010) Residual neuromuscular block: lessons unlearned Part I: definitions, incidence, and adverse physiologic effects of residual neuromuscular block. Anesth Analg 111(1):120–128PubMed
178.
Stewart PA, Liang SS, Li QS et al (2016) The impact of residual neuromuscular blockade, oversedation, and hypothermia on adverse respiratory events in a postanesthetic care unit: a prospective study of prevalence, predictors, and outcomes. Anesth Analg 123(4):859–868PubMed
179.
Butterly A, Bittner EA, George E, Sandberg WS, Eikermann M, Schmidt U (2010) Postoperative residual curarization from intermediate-acting neuromuscular blocking agents delays recovery room discharge. Br J Anaesth 105(3):304–309PubMed
180.
Sauer M, Stahn A, Soltesz S, Noeldge-Schomburg G, Mencke T (2011) The influence of residual neuromuscular block on the incidence of critical respiratory events. A randomised, prospective, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol 28(12):842–848PubMed
181.
Hristovska AM, Duch P, Allingstrup M, Afshari A (2018) The comparative efficacy and safety of sugammadex and neostigmine in reversing neuromuscular blockade in adults. A Cochrane systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Anaesthesia 73(5):631–641PubMed
182.
De Robertis E, Zito Marinosci G, Romano GM et al (2016) The use of sugammadex for bariatric surgery: analysis of recovery time from neuromuscular blockade and possible economic impact. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 8:317–322PubMedPubMedCentral
183.
Kheterpal S, Vaughn MT, Dubovoy TZ et al (2020) Sugammadex versus neostigmine for reversal of neuromuscular blockade and postoperative pulmonary complications (STRONGER): a multicenter matched cohort analysis. Anesthesiology 132(6):1371–1381PubMed
184.
Loupec T, Frasca D, Rousseau N, Faure JP, Mimoz O, Debaene B (2016) Appropriate dosing of sugammadex to reverse deep rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in morbidly obese patients. Anaesthesia 71(3):265–272PubMed
185.
Li D, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Yin C (2021) Efficacy and safety of sugammadex doses calculated on the basis of corrected body weight and total body weight for the reversal of deep neuromuscular blockade in morbidly obese patients. J Int Med Res 49(1):300060520985679PubMed
186.
Badaoui R, Cabaret A, Alami Y et al (2016) Reversal of neuromuscular blockade by sugammadex in laparoscopic bariatric surgery: in support of dose reduction. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 35(1):25–29PubMed
187.
de Kam PJ, Nolte H, Good S et al (2018) Sugammadex hypersensitivity and underlying mechanisms: a randomised study of healthy non-anaesthetised volunteers. Br J Anaesth 121(4):758–767PubMed
188.
Min KC, Bondiskey P, Schulz V et al (2018) Hypersensitivity incidence after sugammadex administration in healthy subjects: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Anaesth 121(4):749–757PubMed
189.
Lujan JA, Frutos MD, Hernandez Q et al (2004) Laparoscopic versus open gastric bypass in the treatment of morbid obesity: a randomized prospective study. Ann Surg 239(4):433–437PubMedPubMedCentral
190.
Nguyen NT, Goldman C, Rosenquist CJ et al (2001) Laparoscopic versus open gastric bypass: a randomized study of outcomes, quality of life, and costs. Ann Surg 234(3):279–289PubMedPubMedCentral
191.
Westling A, Gustavsson S (2001) Laparoscopic vs open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a prospective, randomized trial. Obes Surg 11(3):284–292PubMed
192.
Buchwald H, Estok R, Fahrbach K, Banel D, Sledge I (2007) Trends in mortality in bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgery 142(4):621–632PubMed
193.
Angrisani L, Santonicola A, Iovino P et al (2018) IFSO Worldwide survey 2016: primary, endoluminal, and revisional procedures. Obes Surg 28(12):3783–3794PubMed
194.
Zhou J, Du R, Wang L et al (2021) The application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for patients undergoing bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Surg 31(3):1321–1331PubMed
195.
Aktimur R, Kirkil C, Yildirim K, Kutluer N (2018) Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in one-anastomosis gastric bypass surgery: a matched-cohort study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 14(12):1850–1856PubMed
196.
Blanchet MC, Gignoux B, Matussiere Y et al (2017) Experience with an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program for bariatric surgery: comparison of MGB and LSG in 374 patients. Obes Surg 27(7):1896–1900PubMed
197.
Hahl T, Peromaa-Haavisto P, Tarkiainen P, Knutar O, Victorzon M (2016) OutCOME OF LAPAROSCOPIC GASTRIC BYPAss (LRYGB) with a program for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). Obes Surg 26(3):505–511PubMed
198.
Gero D, Raptis DA, Vleeschouwers W et al (2019) Defining global benchmarks in bariatric surgery: a retrospective multicenter analysis of minimally invasive roux-en-y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Ann Surg 270(5):859–867PubMed
199.
Zevin B, Aggarwal R, Grantcharov TP (2012) Volume-outcome association in bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Ann Surg 256(1):60–71PubMed
200.
Stenberg E, Szabo E, Agren G et al (2014) Early complications after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery: results from the scandinavian obesity surgery registry. Ann Surg 260(6):1040–1047PubMed
201.
El-Kadre L, Tinoco AC, Tinoco RC, Aguiar L, Santos T (2013) Overcoming the learning curve of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a 12-year experience. Surg Obes Relat Dis 9(6):867–872PubMed
202.
Bonrath EM, Dedy NJ, Gordon LE, Grantcharov TP (2015) Comprehensive surgical coaching enhances surgical skill in the operating room: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 262(2):205–212PubMed
203.
Breaux JA, Kennedy CI, Richardson WS (2007) Advanced laparoscopic skills decrease the learning curve for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Endosc 21(6):985–988PubMed
204.
Wolter S, Duprée A, ElGammal A et al (2019) Mentorship programs in bariatric surgery reduce perioperative complication rate at equal short-term outcome-results from the OPTIMIZE trial. Obes Surg 29(1):127–136PubMed
205.
Pournaras DJ, Jafferbhoy S, Titcomb DR et al (2010) Three hundred laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses: managing the learning curve in higher risk patients. Obes Surg 20(3):290–294PubMed
206.
Sánchez-Santos R, Estévez S, Tomé C et al (2012) Training programs influence in the learning curve of laparoscopic gastric bypass for morbid obesity: a systematic review. Obes Surg 22(1):34–41PubMed
207.
van Rijswijk AS, Moes DE, Geubbels N et al (2018) Can a laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass be safely performed by surgical residents in a bariatric center-of-excellence? The learning curve of surgical residents in bariatric surgery. Surg Endosc 32(2):1012–1020PubMed
208.
Liscia G, Scaringi S, Facchiano E, Quartararo G, Lucchese M (2014) The role of drainage after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity: a systematic review. Surg Obes Relat Dis 10(1):171–176PubMed
209.
Doumouras AG, Maeda A, Jackson TD (2017) The role of routine abdominal drainage after bariatric surgery: a metabolic and bariatric surgery accreditation and quality improvement program study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 13(12):1997–2003PubMed
210.
Peña ME, Schlottmann F, Laxague F, Sadava EE, Buxhoeveden R (2020) Usefulness of abdominal drain in laparoscopic roux-en-y gastric bypass: a randomized controlled trial. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 30(5):538–541PubMed
211.
Gundogan E, Kayaalp C, Aktas A et al (2018) Influence of drain placement on postoperative pain following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity: randomized controlled trial. Obes Surg 28(11):3499–3504PubMed
212.
Huerta S, Arteaga JR, Sawicki MP, Liu CD, Livingston EH (2002) Assessment of routine elimination of postoperative nasogastric decompression after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surgery 132(5):844–848PubMed
213.
Rossetti G, Fei L, Docimo L et al (2014) Is nasogastric decompression useful in prevention of leaks after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy? A randomized trial J Invest Surg 27(4):234–239PubMed
214.
Robinson PD (2014) Obesity and its impact on the respiratory system. Paediatr Respir Rev 15(3):219–226PubMed
215.
Eichenberger A, Proietti S, Wicky S et al (2002) Morbid obesity and postoperative pulmonary atelectasis: an underestimated problem. Anesth Analg 95(6):1788–1792PubMed
216.
Ahlin S, Manco M, Panunzi S et al (2019) A new sensitive and accurate model to predict moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea in patients with obesity. Medicine (Baltimore) 98(32):e16687
217.
He J, Kryger MH, Zorick FJ, Conway W, Roth T (1988) Mortality and apnea index in obstructive sleep apnea. Experience in 385 male patients. Chest 94(1):9–14PubMed
218.
Chung F, Yang Y, Liao P (2013) Predictive performance of the STOP-Bang score for identifying obstructive sleep apnea in obese patients. Obes Surg 23(12):2050–2057PubMed
219.
Kaw R, Bhateja P, Paz YMH et al (2016) Postoperative complications in patients with unrecognized obesity hypoventilation syndrome undergoing elective noncardiac surgery. Chest 149(1):84–91PubMed
220.
de Raaff CA, Coblijn UK, de Vries N, van Wagensveld BA (2016) Is fear for postoperative cardiopulmonary complications after bariatric surgery in patients with obstructive sleep apnea justified? A systematic review Am J Surg 211(4):793–801PubMed
221.
Bolden N, Posner KL, Domino KB et al (2020) Postoperative critical events associated with obstructive sleep Apnea: results from the society of anesthesia and sleep medicine obstructive sleep apnea registry. Anesth Analg 131(4):1032–1041PubMedPubMedCentral
222.
Mehta V, Vasu TS, Phillips B, Chung F (2013) Obstructive sleep apnea and oxygen therapy: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. J Clin Sleep Med 9(3):271–279PubMedPubMedCentral
223.
Young LR, Taxin ZH, Norman RG, Walsleben JA, Rapoport DM, Ayappa I (2013) Response to CPAP withdrawal in patients with mild versus severe obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. Sleep 36(3):405–412PubMedPubMedCentral
224.
Nagappa M, Mokhlesi B, Wong J, Wong DT, Kaw R, Chung F (2015) The effects of continuous positive airway pressure on postoperative outcomes in obstructive sleep apnea patients undergoing surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg 120(5):1013–1023PubMed
225.
Kohler M, Stoewhas AC, Ayers L et al (2011) Effects of continuous positive airway pressure therapy withdrawal in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 184(10):1192–1199PubMed
226.
Practice guidelines for the perioperative management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology. 2014;120(2):268–286.
227.
Daigle CR, Brethauer SA, Tu C et al (2018) Which postoperative complications matter most after bariatric surgery? Prioritizing quality improvement efforts to improve national outcomes. Surg Obes Relat Dis 14(5):652–657PubMed
228.
Samama MM (2000) An epidemiologic study of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in medical outpatients: the Sirius study. Arch Intern Med 160(22):3415–3420PubMed
229.
Moulin PA, Dutour A, Ancel P et al (2017) Perioperative thromboprophylaxis in severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery: insights from a French national survey. Surg Obes Relat Dis 13(2):320–326PubMed
230.
Clark LN, Helm MC, Gould JC (2019) Practice patterns regarding post-discharge chemoprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism following bariatric surgery in the United States. Surg Obes Relat Dis 15(5):703–707PubMed
231.
Brotman DJ, Shihab HM, Prakasa KR et al (2013) Pharmacologic and mechanical strategies for preventing venous thromboembolism after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Surg 148(7):675–686PubMed
232.
Kakkos SK, Caprini JA, Geroulakos G et al (2016) Combined intermittent pneumatic leg compression and pharmacological prophylaxis for prevention of venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9(9):Cd005258PubMed
233.
Sachdeva A, Dalton M, Lees T (2018) Graduated compression stockings for prevention of deep vein thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11(11):Cd001484PubMed
234.
Abildgaard A, Madsen SA, Hvas AM (2020) Dosage of anticoagulants in obesity: recommendations based on a systematic review. Semin Thromb Hemost 46(8):932–969PubMed
235.
Karas LA, Nor Hanipah Z, Cetin D et al (2021) Assessment of empiric body mass index-based thromboprophylactic dosing of enoxaparin after bariatric surgery: evidence for dosage adjustment using anti-factor Xa in high-risk patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis 17(1):153–160PubMed
236.
Stier C, Koschker AC, Stier R, Sosnierz A, Chiappetta S (2020) Are we missing treatment standards for thromboprophylaxis of the obese and super-obese patient population? A prospective systematic cohort study. Obes Surg 30(5):1704–1711PubMed
237.
Aminian A, Andalib A, Khorgami Z et al (2017) Who should get extended thromboprophylaxis after bariatric surgery?: a risk assessment tool to guide indications for post-discharge pharmacoprophylaxis. Ann Surg 265(1):143–150PubMed
238.
Mossberg KE, Pournaras DJ, Welbourn R, le Roux CW, Brogren H (2017) Differential response of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 after weight loss surgery in patients with or without type 2 diabetes. Surg Obes Relat Dis 13(1):53–57PubMed
239.
Bergqvist D, Agnelli G, Cohen AT et al (2002) Duration of prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism with enoxaparin after surgery for cancer. N Engl J Med 346(13):975–980PubMed
240.
Hull RD, Pineo GF, Stein PD et al (2001) Extended out-of-hospital low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis against deep venous thrombosis in patients after elective hip arthroplasty: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 135(10):858–869PubMed
241.
Rowland SP, Dharmarajah B, Moore HM et al (2015) Inferior vena cava filters for prevention of venous thromboembolism in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Ann Surg 261(1):35–45PubMed
242.
Shoar S, Saber AA, Rubenstein R et al (2018) Portomesentric and splenic vein thrombosis (PMSVT) after bariatric surgery: a systematic review of 110 patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis 14(1):47–59PubMed
243.
Shaheen O, Siejka J, Thatigotla B, Pham DT (2017) A systematic review of portomesenteric vein thrombosis after sleeve gastrectomy. Surg Obes Relat Dis 13(8):1422–1431PubMed
244.
Parrott J, Frank L, Rabena R, Craggs-Dino L, Isom KA, Greiman L (2017) American society for metabolic and bariatric surgery integrated health nutritional guidelines for the surgical weight loss patient 2016 update: micronutrients. Surg Obes Relat Dis 13(5):727–741PubMed
245.
Parrott JM, Craggs-Dino L, Faria SL, O’Kane M (2020) The optimal nutritional programme for bariatric and metabolic surgery. Curr Obes Rep 9(3):326–338PubMed
246.
O’Kane M (2021) Nutritional consequences of bariatric surgery - prevention, detection and management. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 37(2):135–144PubMed
247.
O’Kane M, Parretti HM, Pinkney J et al (2020) British obesity and metabolic surgery society guidelines on perioperative and postoperative biochemical monitoring and micronutrient replacement for patients undergoing bariatric surgery-2020 update. Obes Rev 21(11):e13087PubMedPubMedCentral
248.
Di Lorenzo N, Antoniou SA, Batterham RL et al (2020) Clinical practice guidelines of the european association for endoscopic surgery (EAES) on bariatric surgery: update 2020 endorsed by IFSO-EC. EASO and ESPCOP Surg Endosc 34(6):2332–2358PubMed
249.
Sherf-Dagan S, Sinai T, Goldenshluger A et al (2021) Nutritional assessment and preparation for adult bariatric surgery candidates: clinical practice. Adv Nutr 12(3):1020–1031PubMed
250.
Sherf Dagan S, Goldenshluger A, Globus I et al (2017) Nutritional recommendations for adult bariatric surgery patients: clinical practice. Adv Nutr 8(2):382–394PubMedPubMedCentral
251.
Shoar S, Poliakin L, Rubenstein R, Saber AA (2018) Single anastomosis duodeno-ileal switch (SADIS): a systematic review of efficacy and safety. Obes Surg 28(1):104–113PubMed
252.
Homan J, Betzel B, Aarts EO et al (2015) Vitamin and mineral deficiencies after biliopancreatic diversion and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch–the rule rather than the exception. Obes Surg 25(9):1626–1632PubMed
253.
Coblijn UK, Goucham AB, Lagarde SM, Kuiken SD, van Wagensveld BA (2014) Development of ulcer disease after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, incidence, risk factors, and patient presentation: a systematic review. Obes Surg 24(2):299–309PubMed
254.
Ying VW, Kim SH, Khan KJ et al (2015) Prophylactic PPI help reduce marginal ulcers after gastric bypass surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Surg Endosc 29(5):1018–1023PubMed
255.
Kang X, Zurita-Macias L, Hong D, Cadeddu M, Anvari M, Gmora S (2016) A comparison of 30-day versus 90-day proton pump inhibitor therapy in prevention of marginal ulcers after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis 12(5):1003–1007PubMed
256.
Wennerlund J, Gunnarsson U, Strigård K, Sundbom M (2020) Acid-related complications after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: risk factors and impact of proton pump inhibitors. Surg Obes Relat Dis 16(5):620–625PubMed
257.
Collares-Pelizaro RVA, Santos JS, Nonino CB, dos Reis Dias LA, Gaitani CM, Salgado W Jr (2017) Omeprazole absorption and fasting gastrinemia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Surg 27(9):2303–2307PubMed
258.
Schulman AR, Chan WW, Devery A, Ryan MB, Thompson CC (2017) Opened Proton Pump Inhibitor Capsules Reduce Time to Healing Compared With Intact Capsules for Marginal Ulceration Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 15(4):494-500.e491PubMed
259.
Mandeville Y, Van Looveren R, Vancoillie PJ et al (2017) Moderating the enthusiasm of sleeve gastrectomy: up to fifty percent of reflux symptoms after ten years in a consecutive series of one hundred laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomies. Obes Surg 27(7):1797–1803PubMed
260.
Kraljević M, Cordasco V, Schneider R et al (2021) Long-term effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: what are the results beyond 10 years? Obes Surg 31(8):3427–3433PubMed
261.
Braghetto I, Korn O (2019) Late esophagogastric anatomic and functional changes after sleeve gastrectomy and its clinical consequences with regards to gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dis Esophagus 32(6):doz020PubMed
262.
Sebastianelli L, Benois M, Vanbiervliet G et al (2019) Systematic endoscopy 5 years after sleeve gastrectomy results in a high rate of barrett’s esophagus: results of a multicenter study. Obes Surg 29(5):1462–1469PubMed
263.
Adams LB, Chang C, Pope J, Kim Y, Liu P, Yates A (2016) Randomized, prospective comparison of ursodeoxycholic acid for the prevention of gallstones after sleeve gastrectomy. Obes Surg 26(5):990–994PubMed
264.
Sakran N, Dar R, Assalia A et al (2020) The use of ursolit for gallstone prophylaxis following bariatric surgery: a randomized-controlled trial. Updates Surg 72(4):1125–1133PubMed
265.
Miller K, Hell E, Lang B, Lengauer E (2003) Gallstone formation prophylaxis after gastric restrictive procedures for weight loss: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Ann Surg 238(5):697–702PubMedPubMedCentral
266.
Wudel LJ Jr, Wright JK, Debelak JP, Allos TM, Shyr Y, Chapman WC (2002) Prevention of gallstone formation in morbidly obese patients undergoing rapid weight loss: results of a randomized controlled pilot study. J Surg Res 102(1):50–56PubMed
267.
Sugerman HJ, Brewer WH, Shiffman ML et al (1995) A multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, prospective trial of prophylactic ursodiol for the prevention of gallstone formation following gastric-bypass-induced rapid weight loss. Am J Surg 169(1):91–96PubMed
268.
Magouliotis DE, Tasiopoulou VS, Svokos AA et al (2017) Ursodeoxycholic acid in the prevention of gallstone formation after bariatric surgery: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Surg 27(11):3021–3030PubMed
269.
Boerlage TCC, Haal S, Maurits de Brauw L et al (2017) Ursodeoxycholic acid for the prevention of symptomatic gallstone disease after bariatric surgery: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (UPGRADE trial). BMC Gastroenterol 17(1):164PubMedPubMedCentral
270.
Leyva-Alvizo A, Arredondo-Saldaña G, Leal-Isla-Flores V et al (2020) Systematic review of management of gallbladder disease in patients undergoing minimally invasive bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 16(1):158–164PubMed
271.
Wanjura V, Szabo E, Osterberg J, Ottosson J, Enochsson L, Sandblom G (2018) Morbidity of cholecystectomy and gastric bypass in a national database. Br J Surg 105(1):121–127PubMed
272.
Pournaras DJ, Aasheim ET, Bueter M et al (2012) Effect of bypassing the proximal gut on gut hormones involved with glycemic control and weight loss. Surg Obes Relat Dis 8(4):371–374PubMed
273.
Poelemeijer YQM, Liem RSL, Vage V et al (2020) Gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy: patient selection and short-term outcome of 47,101 primary operations from the Swedish, Norwegian, and Dutch national quality registries. Ann Surg 272(2):325–333
274.
Frisch A, Chandra P, Smiley D et al (2010) Prevalence and clinical outcome of hyperglycemia in the perioperative period in noncardiac surgery. Diabetes Care 33(8):1783–1788PubMedPubMedCentral
275.
Kwon S, Thompson R, Dellinger P, Yanez D, Farrohki E, Flum D (2013) Importance of perioperative glycemic control in general surgery: a report from the Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program. Ann Surg 257(1):8–14PubMed
276.
King JT Jr, Goulet JL, Perkal MF, Rosenthal RA (2011) Glycemic control and infections in patients with diabetes undergoing noncardiac surgery. Ann Surg 253(1):158–165PubMed
277.
Pournaras DJ, Osborne A, Hawkins SC et al (2010) Remission of type 2 diabetes after gastric bypass and banding: mechanisms and 2 year outcomes. Ann Surg 252(6):966–971PubMed
278.
Fenske WK, Pournaras DJ, Aasheim ET et al (2012) Can a protocol for glycaemic control improve type 2 diabetes outcomes after gastric bypass? Obes Surg 22(1):90–96PubMed
279.
Thorell A, Hagström-Toft E (2012) Treatment of diabetes prior to and after bariatric surgery. J Diabetes Sci Technol 6(5):1226–1232PubMedPubMedCentral
280.
Pournaras DJ, Hardwick RH, le Roux CW (2017) Gastrointestinal surgery for obesity and cancer: 2 sides of the same coin. Surg Obes Relat Dis 13(4):720–721PubMed
281.
Fearon KC, Ljungqvist O, Von Meyenfeldt M et al (2005) Enhanced recovery after surgery: a consensus review of clinical care for patients undergoing colonic resection. Clin Nutr 24(3):466–477PubMed
282.
Tian YL, Cao SG, Liu XD et al (2020) Short- and long-term outcomes associated with enhanced recovery after surgery protocol vs conventional management in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy. World J Gastroenterol 26(37):5646–5660PubMedPubMedCentral
283.
Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M et al (2019) Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colorectal surgery: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS(®)) society recommendations: 2018. World J Surg 43(3):659–695PubMed
Metadata
Title
Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Bariatric Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations: A 2021 Update
Authors
Erik Stenberg
Luiz Fernando dos Reis Falcão
Mary O’Kane
Ronald Liem
Dimitri J. Pournaras
Paulina Salminen
Richard D. Urman
Anupama Wadhwa
Ulf O. Gustafsson
Anders Thorell
Publication date
01-04-2022
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
World Journal of Surgery / Issue 4/2022
Print ISSN: 0364-2313
Electronic ISSN: 1432-2323
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-021-06394-9

Other articles of this Issue 4/2022

World Journal of Surgery 4/2022 Go to the issue

Original Scientific Report

Parathyroidectomy Versus Cinacalcet for the Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Hemodialysis Patients

Original Scientific Report

Preoperative Carbohydrate Drink Intake Increases Glycemic Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Trial

Letter to the Editor

Letter to the Editor: Gratitude and Good Outcomes: Rediscovering Positivity and Perspective in an Uncertain Time

Surgery in Low and Middle Income Countries

Societal Preferences for Gender of Surgeons: A Cross-Sectional Study in the General Population of Pakistan

Editorial Perspective

We Asked the Experts: Toward Personalized Immunosuppression for Liver Transplant Recipients

Original Scientific Report

Roux-en-Y Versus One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass as Redo-Operations Following Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Retrospective Study