Reappraisal of Surgical Treatment for Radiation Enteritis

Although radiation enteritis is a well-recognized sequel of therapeutic irradiation, the standard surgical method is not universally agreed upon. Not only the short-term effect but also the long-term effect after a surgical intervention has been fairly well reported. To reassess the surgical therapy for radiation enteritis, we retrospectively analyzed 48 patients (5 males and 43 females, mean age 58.6 years) who had been operated on in our department. These patients were divided into two types according to the time of surgery or the clinical manifestation, and operative methods were analyzed. Patient’s status such as bowel movement, body weight, and serum albumin value after surgery were analyzed, together with the patients survival. Our surgical methods were small intestinal resection for the intestinal obstruction, and pull-through reconstruction for proctitis. Two patients died of multiple organ failure caused by perforated peritonitis irrespective of emergent operation. Although the overall morbidity was 21.7%, there was no leakage when bowels were anastomosed. Overall survival after radiation-related complication in patients without previous neoplastic disease recurrence was 89%, 79%, and 69%, at 1, 3, and 5 years after surgery, respectively. Bowel motility, serum albumin level, and body weight recovered gradually soon after the operation and reached satisfactory levels within 6 months. Our analysis showed that small bowel injury should be treated by generous resection of the affected bowel followed by careful anastomosis of the disease-free ends, while rectal resection is best dealt with by restorative proctectomy. This may provide a good quality of life and minimize major postoperative complications such as leakage.