Top

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery

Published in:

01-06-2021 | Liposuction | Review

Assessment of the Causes of Differences in Centrifugation Protocols as a Fat-Processing Technique: A Systematic Literature Review

Authors: Oguzhan Demirel, Funda Aköz Saydam

Published in: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery | Issue 3/2021

Abstract

Background

Centrifugation has been widely used for fat graft processing. However, numerous different centrifugation protocols have been proposed in different studies. Investigation of these major differences is needed to clarify ambiguities and to achieve standardization. This review aimed to assess the causes of differences in centrifugation protocols as a fat-processing technique.

Methods

Full-text and English-language articles between 1990 and 2020 were included in this study. Articles that assess the effect of centrifugation on fat graft survival with the following research purposes were selected: determination of the effect of centrifugation force/speed, determination of the effect of centrifugation time/duration, and comparison with other fat-processing techniques.

Results

Fifty-four full-text, English-language articles were included. The number of articles that assessed centrifugation force/speed was 17 and centrifugation duration/time was 4, and the number of articles that compared centrifugation with other fat-processing techniques was 29 and centrifugation with noncentrifugation techniques was 4. Based on the study design, 25 experiments were performed in vivo, and 41 were performed in vitro.

Conclusion

Misuse of force (g) and speed (rpm) for defining the centrifugation protocol, differences in selected techniques for the graft harvest and graft transfer steps and differences in the analysis methods for fat graft survival are the main causes of these substantial variations among studies.

Level of Evidence III

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Coleman SR (2006) Structural fat grafting: more than a permanent filler. Plast Reconstr Surg 118:108S–120SPubMed

Kaufman MR, Bradley JP, Dickinson B et al (2007) Autologous fat transfer national consensus survey: trends in techniques for harvest, preparation, and application, and perception of short- and long-term results. Plast Reconstr Surg 119:323–331PubMed

Piasecki JH, Gutowski KA, Lahvis GP et al (2007) An experimental model for improving fat graft viability and purity. Plast Reconstr Surg 119:1571–1583PubMed

Pulsfort AK, Walter TP, Pallua N (2011) The effect of centrifugal forces on viability of adipocytes in centrifugated lipoaspirates. Ann Plast Surg 66(3):292–295PubMed

Boschert MT, Beckert BW, Puckett LC et al (2002) Analysis of lipocyte viability after liposuction. Plast Reconstr Surg 109:761PubMed

Hoareau L, Bencharif K, Girard AC et al (2013) Effect of centrifugation and washing on adipose graft viability: a new method to improve graft efficiency. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 66:712–719PubMed

Ferraro GA, De Francesco F, Tirino V et al (2011) Effects of a new centrifugation method on adipose cell viability for autologous fat grafting. Aesthet Plast Surg 35:341–348

Chajchir A, Benzaquen I, Moretti E (1993) Comparative experimental study of autologous adipose tissue processed by different techniques. Aesthet Plast Surg 17(2):113–115

Kurita M, Matsumoto D, Shigeura T et al (2008) Influences of centrifugation on cells and tissues in liposuction aspirates: optimized centrifugation for lipotransfer and cell isolation. Plast Reconstr Surg 121(3):1033–1041 discussion 1042PubMed

10.

Galiè M, Pignatti M, Scambi I et al (2008) Comparison of different centrifugation protocols for the best yield of adipose-derived stromal cells from lipoaspirates. Plast Reconstr Surg 122(6):233e–234ePubMed

11.

Xie Y, Zheng D, Li Q, Chen Y et al (2010) The effect of centrifugation on viability of fat grafts: an evaluation with the glucose transport test. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 63:482–487PubMed

12.

Kim IH, Yang JD, Lee DG et al (2009) Evaluation of centrifugation technique and effect of epinephrine on fat cell viability in autologous fat injection. Aesthet Surg J 29:35–39PubMed

13.

Pu LL, Coleman SR, Cui X et al (2008) Autologous fat grafts harvested and refined by the Coleman technique: a comparative study. Plast Reconstr Surg 122:932–937PubMed

14.

Lee JH, Kirkham JC, McCormack MC et al (2013) The effect of pressure and shear on autologous fat grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg 131:1125–1136PubMed

15.

Salinas HM, Broelsch GF, Fernandes JR et al (2014) Comparative analysis of processing methods in fat grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg 134:675–683PubMed

16.

Son D, Choi T, Yeo H et al (2014) The effect of centrifugation condition on mature adipocytes and adipose stem cell viability. Ann Plast Surg 72:589–593PubMed

17.

Cucchiani R, Corrales L (2016) The effects of fat harvesting and preparation, air exposure, obesity and stem cell enrichment on adipocyte viability prior to graft transplantation. Aesthet Surg J 36(10):1164–1173PubMed

18.

Bozkurt M, Kapı E, Şirinoğlu H, Güvercin E, Filinte GT, Filinte D (2016) The effects of the centrifugation speed on the survival of autogenous fat grafts in a rat model. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 50(3):161–166PubMed

19.

Palumbo P, Miconi G, Cinque B et al (2015) In vitro evaluation of different methods of handling human liposuction aspirate and their effect on adipocytes and adipose derived stem cells. J Cell Physiol 230:1974–1981PubMed

20.

Shiffman MA, Mirrafati S (2001) Fat transfer techniques: the effect of harvest and transfer methods on adipocyte viability and review of literature. Dermatol Surg 27(9):819–826PubMed

21.

Huss FR, Kratz G (2002) Adipose tissue processed for lipoinjection shows increased cellular survival in vitro when tissue engineering principles are applied. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 36(3):166–171PubMed

22.

Ramon Y, Shoshani O, Peled IJ et al (2005) Enhancing the take of injected adipose tissue by a simple method for concentrating fat cells. Plast Reconstr Surg 115:197–201 discussion 202-203PubMed

23.

Rose JG Jr, Lucarelli MJ, Lemke BN et al (2006) Histologic comparison of autologous fat processing methods. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 22(3):195–200PubMed

24.

Ferguson RE, Cui X, Fink BF et al (2008) The viability of autologous fat grafts harvested with the LipiVage system: a comparative study. Ann Plast Surg 60:594–597PubMed

25.

Khater R, Atanassova P, Atanassov Y et al (2009) Clinical and experimental study of autologous fat grafting after processing by centrifugation and serum lavage. Aesthet Plast Surg 33:37–43

26.

Smith P, Adams WP Jr, Lipschitz AH et al (2006) Autologous human fat grafting: effect of harvesting and preparation techniques on adipocyte graft survival. Plast Reconstr Surg 117:1836–1844PubMed

27.

Minn KW, Min KH, Chang H et al (2010) Effects of fat preparation methods on the viabilities of autologous fat grafts. Aesthet Plast Surg 34:626–631

28.

Fisher C, Grahovac TL, Schafer ME et al (2013) Comparison of harvest and processing techniques for fat grafting and adipose stem cell isolation. Plast Reconstr Surg 132(02):351–361PubMed

29.

Botti G, Pascali M, Botti C et al (2011) A clinical trial in facial fat grafting: filtered and washed versus centrifuged fat. Plast Reconstr Surg 127:2464–2473PubMed

30.

Zhu M, Cohen SR, Hicok KC et al (2013) Comparison of three different fat graft preparation methods: gravity separation, centrifugation, and simultaneous washing with filtration in a closed system. Plast Reconstr Surg 131:873–880PubMed

31.

Pfaff M, Wu W, Zellner E et al (2014) Processing technique for lipofilling influences adipose-derived stem cell concentration and cell viability in lipoaspirate. Aesthet Plast Surg 38(01):224–229

32.

Mestak O, Sukop A, Hsueh YS et al (2014) Centrifugation versus PureGraft for fatgrafting to the breast after breast-conserving therapy. World J Surg Oncol 12:178PubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Kamel AH, Kamal A, Abou-Elghait AT (2014) A quantative analysis of the effects of different harvesting, preparation, and injection methods on the integrity of fat cells. Eur J Plast Surg 37:469–478

34.

Ansorge H, Garza JR, McCormack MC et al (2014) Autologous fat processing via the revolve system: quality and quantity of fat retention evaluated in an animal model. Aesthet Surg J 34:438–447PubMed

35.

Girard AC, Mirbeau S, Gence L et al (2015) Effect of washes and centrifugation on the efficacy of lipofilling with or without local anesthetic. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 3(8):e496PubMedPubMedCentral

36.

Rubino C, Mazzarello V, Faenza M et al (2015) A scanning electron microscope study and statistical analysis of adipocyte morphology in lipofilling: comparing the effects of harvesting and purification procedures with 2 different techniques. Ann Plast Surg 74:718–721PubMed

37.

Sarfati I, van la Parra RFD, Terem-Rapoport CA et al (2017) A prospective randomized study comparing centrifugation and sedimentation for fat grafting in breast reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 70(09):1218–1228PubMed

38.

Canizares O Jr, Thomson JE, Allen RJ Jr et al (2017) The effect of processing technique on fat graft survival. Plast Reconstr Surg 140(05):933–943PubMed

39.

Streit L, Jaros J, Sedlakova V et al (2017) A comprehensive in vitro comparison of preparation techniques for fat grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg 139(3):670e–682ePubMed

40.

Wu R, Yang X, Jin X et al (2018) Three-dimensional volumetric analysis of 3 fat-processing techniques for facial fat grafting: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 20:222–229PubMedPubMedCentral

41.

Ruan QZ, Rinkinen JR, Doval AF et al (2019) Safety profiles of fat processing techniques in autologous fat transfer for breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 143(4):985–991PubMed

42.

Kang D, Fu S, Luan J (2019) Which fat processing can achieve optimal transplantation in patients with insufficient fat resource? Ann Plast Surg 83(4):459–463PubMed

43.

Condé-Green A, de Amorim NF, Pitanguy I (2010) Influence of decantation, washing and centrifugation on adipocyte and mesenchymal stem cell content of aspirated adipose tissue: a comparative study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 63:1375–1381PubMed

44.

Condé-Green A, Baptista LS, de Amorin NF et al (2010) Effects of centrifugation on cell composition and viability of aspirated adipose tissue processed for transplantation. Aesthet Surg J 30:249–255PubMed

45.

Condé-Green A, Wu I, Graham I et al (2013) Comparison of 3 techniques of fat grafting and cell-supplemented lipotransfer in athymic rats: a pilot study. Aesthet Surg J 33:713–721PubMed

46.

Butterwick KJ (2002) Lipoaugmentation for aging hands: a comparison of the longevity and aesthetic results of centrifuged versus noncentrifuged fat. Dermatol Surg 28:987–991PubMed

47.

Rohrich RJ, Sorokin ES, Brown SA (2004) In search of improved fat transfer viability: a quantitative analysis of the role of centrifugation and harvest site. Plast Reconstr Surg 113:391–395 discussion 396PubMed

48.

Ibatici A, Caviggioli F, Valeriano V et al (2014) Comparison of cell number, viability, phenotypic profile, clonogenic, and proliferative potential of adipose-derived stem cell populations between centrifuged and noncentrifuged fat. Aesthet Plast Surg 38:985–993

49.

Yin S, Luan J, Fu S (2016) Is centrifugation necessary for processing lipoaspirate harvested via water-jet force assisted technique before grafting? evidence of lipoaspirate concentration with enhanced fat graft survival. Ann Plast Surg 77(4):477–484PubMed

Title: Assessment of the Causes of Differences in Centrifugation Protocols as a Fat-Processing Technique: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Oguzhan Demirel
Funda Aköz Saydam
Publication date: 01-06-2021
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Liposuction
Liposuction
Liposuction
Published in: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery / Issue 3/2021
Print ISSN: 0364-216X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-5241
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-020-01999-2

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Assessment of the Causes of Differences in Centrifugation Protocols as a Fat-Processing Technique: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Level of Evidence III

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Level of Evidence III

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 3/2021

Body Contouring Surgery Improves Weight Loss after Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Skin Reducing Mastectomy and Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction in Large Ptotic Breasts

Invited Response on: Comments on “Autologous Fat Grafting for the Oral and Digital Complications of Systemic Sclerosis: Results of a Prospective Study”

Surgical Management of the Internal Nasal Valve: A Review of Surgical Approaches

The Use of Semi-Absorbable Mesh and its Impact on Donor-Site Morbidity and Patient-Reported Outcomes in DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction

Invited Discussion on: The Dual Vascular Pedicle—A Novel Method to Approach Challenging Cases in Single-Staged Mastopexy Augmentation