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Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
Published in: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 10/2006

01-10-2006 | Review

Epigenetic regulation of immune escape genes in cancer

Authors: Thomas B. Tomasi, William J. Magner, A. Nazmul H. Khan

Published in: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy | Issue 10/2006

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Abstract

According to the concept of immune surveillance, the appearance of a tumor indicates that it has earlier evaded host defenses and subsequently must have escaped immunity to evolve into a full-blown cancer. Tumor escape mechanisms have focused mainly on mutations of immune and apoptotic pathway genes. However, data obtained over the past few years suggest that epigenetic silencing in cancer may be as frequent a cause of gene inactivation as are mutations. Here, we discuss the evidence that tumor immune evasion is mediated by non-mutational epigenetic events involving chromatin and that epigenetics collaborates with mutations in determining tumor progression. Since epigenetic changes are potentially reversible, the relative contribution of mutations and epigenetics, to the gene defects in any given tumor, may be a factor in determining the efficacy of treatments. We review new developments in basic chromatin mechanisms and in this context describe the rationale for the current use of epigenetic agents in cancer therapy and for a novel epigenetically generated tumor vaccine model. We emphasize that epigenetic cancer treatments are currently a ‘blunt-sword’ and suggest future directions for designing chromatin-based programs of potential value in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Metadata
Title
Epigenetic regulation of immune escape genes in cancer
Authors
Thomas B. Tomasi
William J. Magner
A. Nazmul H. Khan
Publication date
01-10-2006
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy / Issue 10/2006
Print ISSN: 0340-7004
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0851
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-006-0164-4

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